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The concept of Best Available Techniques (BAT) encompasses a set of technological, technical, and organizational solutions for preventing and controlling negative environmental impacts while improving resource efficiency. Within key technological processes, built-in solutions play a crucial role in pollution prevention, while end-of-pipe measures are applied to control emissions that cannot be prevented by primary solutions. In most countries, BAT applies to key resource-intensive sectors, including hydrocarbon ex...

New Russian environmental legislation categorises oil and gas refineries as installations obliged to implement Best Available Techniques (BAT) and obtain Integrated Environmental (IEP). This new legislation is similar to the Industrial Emissions Directive setting conditions to European installations. Russian Information and Technical Reference Books on Best Available Techniques (ITRB) have been developed since 2015, and ITRB for Gas Refineries have been worked out by technologists, environmentalists and industrial...