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This article opens a broad topic of temperature measurement to suppress the influence of atmospheric refraction on geodetic measurements. The article's content is limited to the basic view of atmospheric behaviour, specifically, on the measurement of the temperature changes in the atmosphere close to the terrain (height 0-2 m), in which engineering geodesy measurements are commonly performed. For this basic experiment we have chosen a grassy spot on the campus of the Faculty of CTU in Prague. The measurement itsel...

This paper deals with the issue of the influence of the horizontal temperature gradient (horizontal refraction) on geodetic measurements of the horizontal direction. The topic of horizontal refraction has not yet been given much attention in research, especially because it is significantly less than the effect of vertical refraction in common geodetic practice. The article presents the mathematical modelling process by solving the differential equation of wave propagation in non-homogeneous atmosphere. On this bas...