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The cartographical projections are the representations of the terrestrial surface on different projection plans that can bew cylinder and con. The important problem for representing these projections is to reduce the characteristic deformations of each projections. The problem that is analyzed refers to an assessment of the points transpositions from a sphere surface on a plane in conditions of maximum efficiency.

The transport represents one of the main sides of the mining technological process, the preponderance of the expenses of this activity reported to the expenses for producing a tone of useful mineral substance extracted from the underground reaching almost 40\%. A good transport system presumes to assure a permanent continuity with passive time cycles having minimum values and functioning in well correlated cascade dimensionally and capacitive speaking. It’s obvious that a transport flow is performing if starting f...

The aim of this investigation is to determine the adsorption behavior of chromium (VI) on Tuncbilek activated carbon sample. The effects of the Cr concentration (25-100 ppm), temperature (297-325 K) and pH (2.5-9.8) on adsorption were investigated systematically. It was found that the effectiveness sequence of the parameters was initial Cr(VI) concentration, temperature and pH. Increasing the pH from 2.5 to 9.8 causes a decrease in adsorption. But it is obvious that adsorption was increased by increasing the initi...

Regional development problems constitutes in present days, one of the major issues of European Union activity. As consequence, a country which strives to the European Union member statue must integrate in the spirit of European realities, showing an outstanding interest to prepare its ground in the spirit of Union’s requirements for her member’s countries, developing a coherent and active regional policy. Therefore the work follows to identify the main action directions of European Union regarding the regional dev...

The forest ecological systems in middle Siberia play an important role in supporting the structural carbon balance and the balance of mineral materials. These ecological systems are able to significantly self-regulate and establish a balance of substance circulation in the environment. This is particularly important in conditions of serious anthropogenic forest disturbances in the south of mid-Siberia. In a number of areas of the Angara-Yenisei region, including pine forests in regional oil bad in Covicta, intensi...

An accidental pollution by hydrocarbon occurred in the zone of the Lake Snagov, about 30 km North of Bucharest. As a consequence, five study wells were made for the purpose of this study, covering the zone possibly affected by pollution. Pumping test were carried out, providing the order of magnitude for the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer. Calibration of a 3D groundwater flow numerical model was made both in natural and pumping conditions. Several variants for placing new wells were studied. Based on the fl...

As it is well known, the process of extracting from the underground the reserves of useful mineral substances by using mechanical methods had been extended mainly regarding the energetic coal a series of countries in the period of 1970 ? 1990, that generated many actions of conception and manufacturing of some specific equipments being remarked mainly Germany, England, Poland, ex - countries of Soviet Union, etc. The main idea consists in choosing and correlating dimensionally, capacitive and functionally some com...

Bulgaria occupies a unique position in south-east Europe in terms of river basin management and control because contamination from metal extraction and processing industries not only has a potential significant trans-border impact but also affects both the Mediterranean and Black Seas. However, to date, no whole basin source to sink study of metal contamination has yet been conducted in the country. This paper begins to address this issue by presenting preliminary results from a survey conducted in August 2004 of ...

Temporary rail ways in open cast mines influence by the accepted speed for the trains. They have influence on the most important indicator of heavy mining mechanization – the productivity of excavators – stope and mounding. This problem has been always underestimated because a priori has been accepted the dependence between the accepted speed and productivity. This research proves another type of functional dependence – fraction-lineal.

The activities in mine factories are unthinkable without a process of earth mass transportation. The expenses for the transport and related to it additional works (repairs, road construction, etc.) reaches to 40-50\% from general expenses for production of one ton of useful minerals. For the adequate esteem of the efficiency of the motor transport the directions of the objects periodically have to decide the problem with its rational use. The real loading of the tip-lorries could be used as many indicator. This in...

The investigations made by us about the micromorphology of the foliar surfaces of two species of gymnosperms in the industrial areas Bicaz and Taşca (the Neamţ District, Romania). The investigations of electronic microscopy (S.E.M.) made up at the level of necrotic and/or chlorosis surfaces (top, middle, basis) of the acicular leaves of Pinus sylvestris and Pinus nigra showed changes of the cuticular surface, their contortion, caused by the total disappearance of the parallelism between the cuticular prints, the c...

The paper presents the present state in Romania of the environment from the point of view of the air quality and of the water quality. The policy of the European Union regarding the environment as it is reflected in the Treaty of the European Community focuses on a durable development by including the environment protection in the communitarian district policies In order to fulfill these objective high quality standards for the environment should be imposed. There should also be observed some principles such as “T...

Which is the rigth place of the Mine-Geological information technologies where there are most applicable? The correct answer is – everywhere, to every mine engineering works and production activities. Creating a correct geological model, deposit modeling, management of the everyday extractin or beforehand simulations for recultivation, etc. – all these new technologies and way of working are based on one modern principle.

The idea of underground coal gasification is connected with the name of Mendeleev 120 years ago. But its practical realization starts during the 30th years of the previous century and continues up to now. There is not any technical or technological problem to perform gasification as a method of processing hard household wastes. In combination with recycling of part of the wastes and utilization of gaseous products of gasification for energy production, this method could be very effective and attractive. If we supp...

A review and analysis of the different methods used for processing of geodetic data, depending on the applications is made. Here is considered Least - squares estimation method, dispersion analysis, spectral analysis, and filtering and is made an analysis of their effectiveness in using for different geodetic problems (applications). We made suggestions for methods using in common processing of different types of data.

The Environment, Agricultural and Urban management is of valuable importance for Bulgaria, because of the following:  Bulgaria is at transition period now with rapid changes in all fields related to environment, agriculture and urban;  The adoption of the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU by Bulgaria will require precise planning of the agriculture which include knowledge about the soil types and structure, relief characteristics, crop and field statistics, yield forecasting, pests management and other all of...

Existing conditions, aims and tasks of investigation and geodetic methods is described. Obtained displacements for the period 1966-2004 are analyzed. Corresponding conclusions are drawn.

The intensified landslide activity in the last decade is due to two factors –lagging behind of the legislation for strengthening, and the reduced control on design and construction. In the paper, this subject is supported by investigations and examples from practice. In result, specific changes are suggested in the legislation for geo-protective construction in landslide areas, as well as measures for strengthening of the technological control in the design and realization of the strengthening activities.

The importance of the influence of temporary rail ways is deduced on the most essential indicator in open cast mining – the productivity of heavy mining mechanization and it is shown how this can be used in practice and through organizing the whole mining process. Also it can be used when corrections through the exploitation of the mine are needed.

The problems for the protection of the environment from various pollutants are considered worldwide as fundamental for mankind. A large number of people are nowadays exposed to the different pollutions in waste and potable water. The pollutions have a harmful effect on the biological system. Some regions in Bulgaria and Turkey have serious problems with water contaminated with metal ions. The heavy metals (Hg, As, Cd, Mn, etc.) have a harmful effect on human physiology and other biological system when they are fou...

The former mine Obr\'anců M\'\iru and its inner dump is the area of interest situated in the North-bohemian Brown Coal Basins at the North-western border of the Czech Republic. In the course of the mine opening and continuous operation the hydrogeological conditions of the outer environment were significantly impacted or totally changed by previous long-term, first underground, later opencast coal mining. At the turn of the 20th and 21st century abundant effluents of underground waters with low pH and high content...

The basic geodesic activities in the preparation of the Project “Reconstruction and Electrification of the Railway Line Plovdiv – Svilengrad – Greek/Turkish Border” have been described. The problems in the development of the working geodesic base, creation of a three-dimensional model, cadastral map, and the detailed structural layouts of the territory in question have been discussed. Specific attention has been paid to the procedures in changing the purpose of the agricultural and forestry territories and the exp...

All the specialists in open cast mines which are equipped with technological railway transport know that the transporting process has underlined optional character. This is based on several factors. One of them is the levels intensity of possibility of transportation process to be done without any exceptions. The report is on the principles, on which the levels of intensity can be defined.

The subjects of deformation monitoring are either natural objects such as ground deformation due to mining exploitation, withdrawal of oil or underground water, active tectonic plate boundaries, glacier movements etc., or the man-made objects such as dams, bridges, tunnels and other complex engineering structures. The results of deformation monitoring are directly relevant to the safety of human life and environment protection. The bridges are very important subjects in the field of infrastructure management. Stab...

The concept of labour occupation has know different approaches, developments, completions, contradictory opinions, pointing out a high degree of complexity. To begin with, occupation is a means, labour being a fundamental factor of any development. Then, a lasting development cannot be acquired through waste. In the third way, lasting development is undoubtedly connected to the amount of the income. Finally, environment protection is a field necessary to any economy; as economic development bears fruit, jobs conne...

The methods and compose geodesic Database from creating available structures are discus. The describe methods and realization structures and them programs decision are defined. The examples at resalable program systems for menage and analyses geodesic database are showing.

Criteria for assessment of geodetic networks, measurements and digital territory models are discussed in the paper. Methods for accuracy verification and actuality verification of planned geodetic networks with local use, cadastral plans and maps situation and their digital models are shown with examples. Technology for geodetic networks and measurements accuracy assessment is offered.

The first version of ASMI™ is created in the period 1975-1980. we offer the third version of ASMI™ entended for modern PC operation with Windfows and integrated with popular program systems, such as AutoCAD®, Excel® and Word®. In all three versions the creators are following the ideology of ASMI™: 1. this is a specialized system directed mainly to markshader insurance of open mines; 2. the algorithms, big part of wich are original reflect the success of the markshader and geodetic science, technology and device co...

In this study, diagnostic leaching and ultrafine grinding as pretreatment step ahead of two-stage cyanidation of Kaletaş ore were studied to shed light on the refractory characteristics of ore. The overall gold extraction of 93\% was achieved in two-stage cyanidation of ultrafinely ground ore suggesting the presence of readily recoverable gold (74\%) and slowly reacting gold (19\%) in the ore. Diagnostic leaching approach provided information into the cause of the refractoriness of the ore. The findings of diagnos...

In this paper we present the critical situation of four species of Gymnosperms (Pinus nigra and Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Abies alba.) which can be found in areas of industrial zone from Bicaz District, Romania. The pollutants are mainly solid: lime and cement dust. Our investigation it is about the physiological and histo – anatomical modifications of the leaves (needles). We want to stress the fact that the large quantity of dry substance from the leaves isn’t always related to the distance from the polluti...

Development of the engineering infrastructure pays a bigger attention on the utilizing of new construction fields. Significant risks are concealed in the construction of the buildings, structures, roads and railroads on the grounds, which had not been an object of the engineering and geological researches. It is possible to arise disadvantageous effects for the construction. Karst fields in Bulgaria hide many potential dangers if engineering and geological researches are insufficient. The object of the present wor...

This paper presents investigation of the environmental effects of ground vibration and air blast induced by blasting in various quarries located at Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Within the scope of this study, scaled distance components have been recorded for two shots at the Beşparmak Company, two shots at the G\"urdağ Company, one shot at the Levent Mosaic Company and one shot at the Arpalıklı Company, totally 6 shots at different times. And also, ground vibrations and air blasts produced by these shots h...

In this material offers mechanical model that builds on the basic technological characteristics of the system rock – frictional pipe anchor bold (FPA). In the presentation, the anchor is divided on the modeling elements. Their size is determined from the physical model that describes combined anchor-rock system work. Key words: mechanical model, system anchor-rock, stress field

A modification of the conventional adjustment model is proposed. Like this, the velocity of the drift is introduced as an additional unknown quantity. An argument about the priorities of the suggested approach, in comparison with the used at present methods for gravimetric measurements processing is done. The possibilities which the new adjustment model provide for an optimization of the whole measurements program in a gravimetric network are analyzed.

The paper makes a general presentation of the firedamp resources of the world and the exploiting methods used before, during and after mining activitites. The evaluation of firedamp quantities from the coal bed in exploitation at active mines in Jiu Valley Outgas systems in exploitation at mining units in Jiu Valley and the monitoring of firedamp emissions from these mines Solutions to recovery the firedamp from closing mines Firedamp marketplace – energetic resource for the future.

In this paper it is presented the basically geodetic methods for defining and following of land movements and land slide. The classic geodetic method anticipates defining of horizontal and vertical deformation in some points buried in the body of land slide. The deformation is defining with precision angular and linear measurements and with precision leveling from stabile points of primary geodetic nets (the microtrigonometric and the level net). The terrestrial photogrametry is used in the defining deformation of...

According to the mineral compositions, paragenesis, relationships and the fluid inclusion microthermometry two stages of skarn alteration within the Rize pluton area have been identified. The first stage (stage I) was characterized by the Spurrite, vesuviavite, wollastonite, magnetite, pyroxene, gehlenite and garnet assemblages at high temperatures ( 750 oC). The second stage (II) occurred at lower temperature ( 500 oC) when the system collapsed, and is characterised by tremolite, low temperature vesuvianite, rust...

“The Black Sea Coastal Way Rehabilitation Project” which started seven years ago in order to relief in traffic flow in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey and presently continues to complete their constructions. The project involves the rehabilitation and shortening of the present motorway and hence the construction of new tunnels and riprap material for filling the sea are required in some places. This paper involves one of the blast based tunnel excavations, which is performed for “Yoroz Tunnel” situated in T...

This study aims at understanding the activity of northern branch of the North Anatolian Fault. The Avcılar and adjacent areas were chosen as a study area as the Marmara Earthquake had caused severe damage and fatalities in Avcilar. We carried out a fieldwork in the area and found out surface fractures. We then integrated in to our map existing seismological-seismic and damaged distribution data. We propose that the damage to the W of İstanbul, especially in Avcilar was caused mainly by re-activation of younger fau...