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When designing a passive house, the emphasis is not only on passive measures consisting mainly of thermal protection and stability of the buildings, but also on the price demand of each of the proposed structures. At present, new construction solutions are often encountered in construction practice [1]. These solutions are not yet tested. The paper deals with energy-efficient buildings in terms of reducing building heat loss. One such solution is to use thermal insulation above wooden rafters. Using the thermal in...

For energy-efficient houses, it is necessary to design a suitable thermal insulation of the building envelope. One of the most problematic areas of the single-layer masonry walls is the plinth. It is the first layer of masonry wall on the foundation structure. The requirements of architects and structural engineers for plinth solutions are often in contradiction. Passive houses belong to the category of buildings that have very low energy consumption for heating of buildings [1]. However, their overall energy perf...

This article is focused on the alkali activation of aluminosilicates prepared from industrial waste obtained from the final grinding of bricks during their production. The ceramic waste powder as a precursor with water glass-sodium hydroxide mixture as activator are utilized for the production of alkali-activated aluminosilicates, which represent a promising way for design of cement-free environmentally friendly binders. Usage of such materials in building industry for development of new materials have a very good...

The paper shows the studies of methods for assessing of monetary and natural efficiency of energy-saving procedures in civil construction within comparative conditions. The groups of energy-saving procedures were identified by procedures for saving, procedures for losses reducing, procedures for resource consumption reducing. The factors that influence the assessment of energy-saving procedures are listed and the coefficients of comparable conditions in the assessment are justified. Methods for calculating the coe...

The article deals with setting of the degradation of fibre-cement panels containing polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) fibres. The degradation is being studied with a help of a soaking ? drying test. It is a long-time test, which is one of the series of tests (hot water test, frost resistance test, shrinking of panels, UV test), by which the degradation of panels is determined. The motivation for carrying out this test lies in searching for a substitute of asbestos-cement panels that cannot be used due to carcinogenic asbest...

Measuring tools are one of the main tool groups, which subgroup, manual measuring tools play a decisive role for further development of the measuring tools and machinery for wood processing. Nowadays a wide range of these tools used in construction sites, workshops, studios, households and in manufacturing for quality control operations, measurement inspection and other. Depending on woodworks diversity and processing method, the manual measuring tools have various functions, shapes and uses. The diversity of tool...

The paper presents some experimental study about fatigue properties modifications in Ni-Ti alloys on heating. The shape memory of alloys is used many times by heating and cooling and/or loading and unloading. The stability of material characteristics as transformation temperatures and mechanical behavior, during thermal or stress cycling is an important consideration in developing suitable alloys. Although shape memory alloys can be subjected to both thermal and stress cycling, it is necessary to investigate these...

Although the theme has been studied for more than a decade, the green transformations of buildings are limited in practice and often new buildings, by large private or public estates, promoted and publicized it to gain public support. Is it possible to think about a widespread action to ?green? our cities? If in other European countries the responsive-ness to this issue is certainly greater, in Italy there is still too little attention on this topic (in facts some people seem to be still more focused on economic e...

This paper deals with validation of an enhanced mathematical model for description of coupled heat and moisture transport which is able to model ice forming processes. This phenomenon is usually neglected because of computational difficulties even if it has a significant influence on heat and moisture transport. For the sake of model validation, data gathered by means of semi-scale experiment was used, analyzing a hygrothermal performance of a real building assembly ? an external wall. The wall was exposed to dyna...

Electrical cables are one of the key components of green building technologies. They are crucial for the operating of many green building technologies (e.g. power transfer from the solar cell to other building electric devices). For fire safety level assessment of electrical cables installed in green buildings are used their fire characteristics. The reaction to fire is the fundamental and most important fire characteristic of electrical cables. Nevertheless, it is used almost exclusively in the prescriptive appro...

Concrete is a widely used construction material. Extraction and processing of raw materials used for its production requires a lot of energy and poses threats to the environment. At present, in accordance to the idea of sustainable development and close circuit economy, it is recommended to aim at the maximum reduction of raw materials by replacing primary materials with secondary raw material (recycled materials) or industrial by-products. One of the pro-ecologic attitudes is introducing secondary wastes from the...

The article addresses the problem of such a common phenomenon as dysbacteriosis, according to medical experts in Kazakhstan, up to 90% of citizens are susceptible to disruption of the intestinal microflora. It was mainly influenced by the economic crisis of recent years, as well as environmental problems that adversely affected the nutritional structure of the population. One of the way to solve this issue is the use of probiotics, contributing to the normalization of the intestinal microflora to have a regulating...

Construction and subsequent operation of buildings fall among the main consumers of material and energy resources, while contributing to environmental pollution. Sustainable building construction therefore responds to the requirements of sustainable development and introduces a new approach to the design, construction and operation of buildings with the aim to reduce negative impacts on operating costs and thus on the environment. Operating costs generally represent the sum of the costs incurred for the operation ...

This paper presents the experimental results regarding the evolution into time of the road concrete quality with blast furnace slag BS, obtained by the UPV test for measuring the propagation velocity of the ultrasonic pulses compared with the compressive strengths of mechanical tests The UPV and the compressive strengths of the concrete containing blast furnace slag were determined at the age of 28, 100 and 150 days on 150 mm cubes on road concrete made with conventional materials and on road concrete with blast f...

Gypsum composites with different lightweight aggregates were studied. The importance of gypsum as one of the most environmentally friendly building binder increases nowadays and new ways of its utilization are searched. Using of aggregates in the gypsum is generally not necessary, because gypsum does not shrink, but they can be used for economic reasons or to improve the thermal or fire properties of the gypsum material. We studied the structure and properties of the gypsum composites with three types of lightweig...

The energy consumed by buildings accounts for approximately 40% of the total consumption and one-third of the greenhouse gases emissions around the globe. And as the demand for energy increases rapidly, a way of improving the utilization of latent energy around us is accomplished by the use of the Phase Changing Materials (PCM) in the building insulation to reduce the energy consumption rate by one of the PCM application categories, passive, active and free cooling methods. In this paper, an experimental model was...

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play an important role in the IAQ evaluation process. Chemical contaminants emitted by dry building material and indoor equipment influence long-term indoor air quality. VOCs adversely affect both occupant comfort, productivity and health. Most of the health hazards related to VOCs emissions occur during the first months of occupation or after refurbishing the building. At present, most people generally spend up to 90% of their daily time in the indoor environment. Humans spend al...

The reduction of carbon dioxide emissions become the global effort of entire scientific community. Various environmental friendly technologies are currently developed and also applied worldwide. The concrete is the most used building material on Earth and its production is still rising. Its production is related to huge emissions of carbon dioxide due to Portland cement production and generation of waste such as concrete slurry waste (CSW). Sedimented CSW contains considerable amount of cement, calcium and fine fi...

Natural hydraulic lime (NHL) belongs to traditional binders used in civil engineering for centuries. Hydraulic lime (both natural or artificial) may be considered as binder which properties represents a transition between air lime (pure CaO or Ca(OH)2) and Portland cement (PC). It means that NHL contains hydraulic compounds (as PC) and CaO/Ca(OH)2. The significant difference is in calcination temperature ? NHL is calcined at lower temperature than Portland clinker i.e. there is lower energy consumption (and carbon...