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Waves represent the most important factor in the evolution of the coastal zones. One of the main causes leading to the wave formation is the movement of the air masses. A particular influence on the wave agitation regime in the littoral sector is exerted by the shore configuration, water depth, bottom relief and the formation of ice cover in winter. The scope of this paper is to analyze the historical data on the wind and waves in the Danube discharge area. The emphasis is on the maximum values of wave heights and...

The Black Sea is known by the shipping industry, even from history, that present many issues area for sailing. Thus, in the Black Sea basin, serious naval accidents take place periodically. An important influence on these serious naval accidents is the sea state conditions acting on the ships and the action of the wind. Thus, for a series of accidents identified in time and space, the wind characteristics were analysed, while the sea state conditions were simulated. Based on the information regarding the wind and ...

Being an almost landlocked sea, the Black Sea has a particular situation regarding water exchange and circulation. Moreover, the anthropogenic pressure and shipping related activities worsen the situation of this sea from the pollution point of view. The introductory part of the article presents the role of the ballast water system onboard ships in a few words. Then, the paper presents the environmental context of the Black Sea with the focus on the wind and waves, factors which can affect the ship stability. The ...

Studies of bottom sediments in the Crimean Peninsula coastal regions are highly essential because these sediments are under heavy pressures of maritime activities, but their good ecological state is highly important due to resort attractiveness of this region. Correlation between physical and chemical characteristics of sediments makes it possible to determine sedimentation conditions and anthropogenic impacts. Samples have been taken from the surface layer of bottom sediments in the coastal regions of Crimea in 2...

An increase of anthropogenic load and intake of organic matter and nutrients leads to extremely negative consequences for coastal marine ecosystems. This is due to the fact that organic matter, deposited in the bottom sediments, contributes to the consumption of oxygen for its oxidation. With a lack of oxygen on the processes of mineralization of organic matter, its accumulation occurs. Oxygen consumption and organic matter accumulation in bottom sediments lead to appearance of anaerobic conditions in sediments an...

Environmental protection-related to economic activities have many important economic consequences. Normally, the threats to the environment come from economic development since all the problems concerning the protection of air, soil, and water always imply supplementary costs. All these costs must be well analyzed and balanced between the port administration, port companies, inhabitants, and authorities. In large ports areas from Romania, as Constanta and Mangalia near the Black Sea, during 1980-2010 were develope...

The commercialization of innovations in the food industry faces many risks. Only one in ten products successfully reaches supermarket shelves. In particular, the Latvian fish processing industry faces significant difficulties on the path to a successful launch of innovative products still depending on the production of one type of product ? canned fish. Continuing the study on the possibilities of using the fish species available in the country, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, in 2018-2019, de...

The eastern part of the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea is the estuary of the Neva River. The study area has significant spatial variability in water salinity. The salinity regime is largely determined by the influx of fresh water from the Neva Bay and water exchange with sea waters from the western sections of the Gulf of Finland. Therefore, the eastern part of the bay is characterized by an increase in salinity from east to west. At the same time, salinity in the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland is characte...

This paper presents the results of the sea water heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Cd, As, Zn, Fe, Ni, Cu) content examination in the coastal area of the Sevastopol. The water pollution index was calculated using 4 parameters with the obligatory inclusion of dissolved oxygen. Determination of metal content in water samples was performed by the method of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer PlasmaQuant MS Elite (Analytik Jena, Germany). The determination of the concentration of each of the chemical elements in seawater...

Europa has the densest, diversified and completely transport system on the entire world. Maritime transports have developed since ancient times (in the Mediterranean basin and the countries bordering the Atlantic Ocean) and they are still in development because they present a key point in freight transport. Europe controls one third of the world's commercial fleet and is one of the world's leading maritime centres with 329 key ports along the coast, including Rotterdam, which is the second largest port in the worl...