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Urban areas developed above salt-karst systems are particularly sensitive to ground deformation processes driven by dissolution, suffosion, and anthropogenic disturbances. Detecting and monitoring these processes in densely built environments requires observation techniques capable of capturing small-scale morphological changes with high spatial resolution and repeatability. This study demonstrates the use of recurrent UAV-based LiDAR surveys to detect and measure ground instability in the town of Slanic Prahova (...

Accurate monitoring of crop phenology is essential for yield estimation, growing season modeling, and climate adaptation in agriculture. While freely available satellite archives provide broad spatial coverage, their temporal frequency is often insufficient for capturing the rapid phenological transitions characteristic of crops. This study addresses that gap through a multitemporal analysis of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from a time series of 119 PlanetScope satellite images at 3 m s...

This research addresses the design, integration, and validation of a complex methodology for wetland monitoring, using as case studies two peat bogs located in the Maramures Mountains Natural Park, Romania. The study is part of a larger research effort concerning the assessment of the current ecological status of internationally important wetlands in the trans-Carpathian region of Romania, Ukraine, and Slovakia, through the development of an integrated monitoring system based on advanced geomatic technologies. Thi...

The research analyses agricultural unused land (AUL) identified within the cadastral territory of Velke Trencianske Stankovce (western Slovakia) with the objective of evaluating restoration potential and determining suitable management pathways for reintroduction into agricultural use. The methodological framework combines Sentinel-2 vegetation indices, LPIS data, soil characteristics, and site-specific attributes including terrain configuration, parcel accessibility, and environmental constraints. Restoration pot...

Lake water quality is an important sign of ecosystem health, biodiversity, and sustainable management of freshwater resources. As human activities, climate change, and eutrophication increase, the need for efficient and consistent monitoring methods grows. Traditional field sampling provides accurate local data but is limited by how often and where samples are collected, as well as by high costs. Satellite remote sensing is a practical way to monitor inland water bodies, enabling repeated, large-scale assessments ...

Rapid warming along the Antarctic Peninsula has intensified surface melting on maritime glaciers, accelerating ablation and contributing to increasingly negative surface mass balances, particularly on Livingston Island, South Shetlands Islands, Antarctica. Continuous, weather-independent monitoring of snow and ice conditions is therefore essential for assessing seasonal variability and its implications for glacier evolution. A multi-temporal dataset of Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery acquired bet...

This study compares multiple approaches for surface water mapping using multi-sensor satellite data. Open-access imagery from Sentinel-2 (optical) and Sentinel-1 (SAR) was used for three study sites in Bulgaria. The optical dataset consisted of three Level-2A images acquired under near cloud-free conditions, while the radar dataset included three Ground Range Detected images acquired on dates closest to the optical imagery. Surface water extraction was performed using single- and multi-index approaches for the opt...

The use of remote sensing images in territorial analyses is increasingly used with the development of remote sensing systems. Due to the fact that there are numerous remote sensing systems, both open source and paid, these instruments are widely used in monitoring large areas in order to analyze the dynamics of land use changes. In the present study, an analysis of the ATU Moravita, Timis County, Romania, was carried out based on remote sensing images taken from the Landsat 8 satellite system. Based on the 11 spec...

It is well known that atmospheric aerosols have both a direct and an indirect impact on the Earth's systems and have natural or anthropogenic origins. In this paper we present the results of the 2022 spring-time lidar measurements conducted within the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) using a multi-wavelength Raman and depolarization LIDAR system operated in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The Cluj-Napoca lidar system (CLOP) emission is based on a Nd-YAG laser Continuum INLITE II-30, which has a repetition ...

Wildfires are a problem all over the world. Plant and animal life are under threat of destruction. But this issue is especially relevant for Ukraine, where fires appear en masse throughout the country not only from weather factors but also from enemy shelling by the Russian army. In addition, there is the uncontrolled spread of fire to large areas of Ukraine due to limited access to emergency services. Because of hostilities, landmines, and the occupation of Ukrainian territory, Ukrainian rescuers and foresters ar...

In the era of rapid urbanization which has a great implication in converting the natural landscape into artificial surfaces, Land Surface Temperature (LST) is an important parameter which plays an important role in the studies of urban thermal environment, meteorological, hydrological and climatological applications and Global climate change. Data and images acquired from satellites offer information that can facilitate public and private decision - making. This study investigates the Land Surface Temperature (LST...

In this paper we present a case study regarding a desert dust intrusion over Central and Eastern Europe in 5th of April 2021, observed using a multi-wavelength Raman and depolarization LIDAR system operated in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. This type of system meets the requirements of the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network – EARLINET and is suitable to provide reliable data on optical parameters for aerosol characterization. While mineral aerosols are the second largest source of aerosol and are the subject of long r...

Improving and protecting water quality, for human needs, and for the sustainability of aquatic ecosystems, has become a global priority for this century, involving continuous monitoring of inland water resources, combining in situ measurements with satellite remote sensing, especially from the surface of the water. This could be possible through the Sentinel missions, respectively S2 and S3 of the European Space Agency, equipped with a multispectral instrument on board, which makes it possible to study inland wate...

Urban areas are very dynamic environments, subject to continuous expansion and growing population, with land use changes influenced by the needs and dynamics of the population. Using remote sensing techniques applied to Sentinel-1 GRD images, some change detection patterns could be revealed for Bucharest city, for a period of three years (2016-2019). As the largest city in Romania, the main university center and the most important industrial and commercial center, Bucharest offers a wide range of educational, inve...

Measurements of high water in rivers are an important element of all collected stream discharge information. It is necessary to have such information in real time during floods because of the danger caused by inundations. Another aspect is the relatively large discharge volume of high water compared to medium and low flow periods. On the other hand, measuring the river discharge during high water with the traditional methods with propeller or floats is often constrained by the manpower availability for that precis...

The work describes a method for restoring three-dimensional models of rigid objects from one satellite image, based on the usage of convolutional neural network models. General requirements for reference and test satellite images are: seasonal shooting (lack of snow cover); images? geo-linking to railway infrastructure objects and to the general coordinate projection; presence of image metadata on survey and lighting conditions (geo-reference data and time of survey, photography and position of the Sun); visibilit...

Due to the changes in global climate patterns, wildfires have recently become a significantly greater threat to both human settlements and the corresponding activities. The same degree of threats is applicable for numerous species of fauna and vegetation, all across the world, especially in arid climate areas. Scientists that have conducted research on the subject revealed that climate significantly influences the probability of certain areas towards being affected by wildfires, especially taking into consideratio...

At the present state, the LIDAR systems have different configurations and geometries, according to their applications. The multi-wavelength Raman and depolarization LIDAR systems used in the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network ? EARLINET are suitable to provide an extended set of optical parameters for aerosol characterization which can be used in climatology studies, models and different events like Saharan dust outbreaks, transport of smoke plumes or volcanic ash. The aerosol in the atmosphere is present mos...

One of the largest fires in the Croatian history, so called ?mother of all fires?, broke out on Monday, 17. July 2017 in the area between Split and Omis (Croatia). The fighting with the firestorm lasted until 18. July when the situation was put under control, and on 19. July, the recovery of the affected area started. The classification showed that the burned area was 40670 square kilometers large. Vegetation indices obtained from aerial or remote sensing imagery are very simple and effective methods for quantitat...

The microclimate of the urban environment is influenced by urban development, road surface, distribution of green areas. The city, especially with a highly developed industry, pollutes the atmosphere above itself, increases its turbidity and thereby reduces the influx of solar radiation. Such changes in the microclimate of the urban environment often occur as a result of changes in urban development, artificial changes in the relief, and the cutting down of forest plantations. Due to changes in the urban environme...

Monitoring short temporal changes in intra-urban vegetation areas will become very important as the proportion of urban areas continue to increase. Intra-urban variations in vegetation abundance influence environmental conditions by selective reflection and absorption of solar radiation and by sequestration of pollutants. This research investigates the hypothesis that it should be possible to use easily accessible multispectral Landsat 8 images to track intra-urban vegetation, and obtaining sufficient quality info...

More than 50% of the world?s populations live in urban areas, and they emit almost 80% of global carbon dioxide. They are also responsible for 75% of energy consumption in the world. That increases pressure on food, water, and especially energy. These facts imply that there is an urgent need to provide low carbon dioxide level in cities with efficient and renewable energy to foster the growth of the green economy. Therefore, attention should be paid to renewable energy sources such as the Sun and be aware of the p...

Copernicus is a European Union programme designed to provide a service in delivering free, openly accessible data about the Earth?s surface through satellite and in-situ observations. On the other hand, Landsat represents the world?s longest standing continuously acquired collection of space-based, moderate-resolution, land remote sensing data for those working in agriculture, geology, forestry, regional planning, education, mapping, and global change research. Although the images of these satellite systems are ch...

An explosion occurred at the ammunition storage depot in Padjene, Croatia, on 13 September 2011, caused by a fierce forest fire. The depot was totally destroyed and unexploded ordnance left scattered around it. A digital surface model and highresolution georeferenced ortho-mosaic were produced to monitor the cleared site of the former depot for remaining explosive devices and other waste generated by the explosion. Airborne image collection in 2015 covered the Padjene depot and vicinity with very high-resolution i...

The temperature at the Earth?s surface can be estimated by ground-based methods or satellite remote sensing data. Satellite remote sensing is the only means of obtaining longterm homogeneous series of land surface temperature data. The network of ground-based observations usually is quite rare, so it is important to obtain information by remote methods. From the values of the thermal infrared spectral bands, it is possible to determine the radio brightness temperature of the underlying surface. The compilation of ...

The availability of drones and other types of UAVs makes this method very popular for gathering spatial data for different purposes. The derived orthophotos and digital surface models have wide usage in many branches. One of the UAV survey mission requirement are the Ground Control Points (GCP) allowing the resulting data to be georeferenced and overlaid with other data sources. Some UAVs may be equipped with the IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) and precise GNSS receiver пїЅ the Trimble UHX-5 in our case. The quali...

Airborne technology developed rapidly in the last decade offering solutions for both data acquisition and surveillance purposes. The same technology can be used by no specialists for entertaining reasons or by governmental companies for security issues. However, there are several matters that the two will look for the acquisition characteristics and the data processing software. Nowadays as an alternative for airborne technology are used Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle is a system composed by ...

Satellites constellation Sentinel-1 provide costless SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) images of global range. Scientific institutions operating with SAR data received the great opportunity for carrying out continuous observations of the Earth. This kind of policy affects the efficiency of performed research and has direct impact on the safety in case on environmental threats. It is possible to monitor ground deformations of endangered areas. Sentinel-1 datasets have great potential in PSInSAR (Persistent Scatterer I...

Using remote monitoring methods, including aerial remote sensing, UAV and LIDAR (remote sensing, 3D UAV imagery and LIDAR) for high-resolution investigations of waves field characteristic parameters near the seaports, gives us the support information for decision making process. Therefore the results obtained in near real-time are useful to create optimal resolution maps for waveпїЅs reflection, refraction and diffraction, depending on necessities. In this paper is evaluated the possibility to monitoring and mappi...

The uncontrolled water flooding in an abandoned open pit mine modifies the rock mass stability, causing rock wall falls and surface erosion that may affect great volumes of material. As regards Sardinia quarries, most of the open pit excavations need a recovery plan. The last mostly depends upon knowledge of the relationship between the geomorphological asset and the nature of weathering and related erosion processes. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the land degradation with a detailed photogrammetric survey ...