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The availability of drones and other types of UAVs makes this method very popular for gathering spatial data for different purposes. The derived orthophotos and digital surface models have wide usage in many branches. One of the UAV survey mission requirement are the Ground Control Points (GCP) allowing the resulting data to be georeferenced and overlaid with other data sources. Some UAVs may be equipped with the IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) and precise GNSS receiver пїЅ the Trimble UHX-5 in our case. The quali...

The new era of SAR exploitation started with the launch of Sentinel-1A and 1B satellites providing dual-polarized VV/VH imagery, free of charge, with unprecedented revisit interval of a few days over very large swaths. The research questions addressed in this paper are: how to process efficiently big set of multitemporal Sentinel-1 images in order to retrieve correctly classified agricultural crops for inventory purposes? How to reduce the amount of data and the redundancy of information resulting from very freque...

Airborne technology developed rapidly in the last decade offering solutions for both data acquisition and surveillance purposes. The same technology can be used by no specialists for entertaining reasons or by governmental companies for security issues. However, there are several matters that the two will look for the acquisition characteristics and the data processing software. Nowadays as an alternative for airborne technology are used Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle is a system composed by ...

In this study, object-based Land Use Land Cover (LULC) classification performance of Sentinel-2 image has been tested by comparing other medium resolution satellite dataset of Zonguldak test field. The test field covering a small area around Zonguldak is located in the Western Black Sea region of Turkey. It is noted for being one of the main coal mining areas in the world. For the purpose of the study, pan-sharpened Landsat 8 image was used because of its nearly similar ground sampling distance (GSD). The RGB and ...

The bioeconomy field covers the agricultural domain, all manufacturing sectors and associated services that involve any form of biological resources. Thereby, the research on bioeconomy is dependent on the data collection both about biological resources (such as plants, animals, and microorganisms) and about the connex phenomena. The remote sensing techniques provide an excellent way for the acquisition of information without making physical contact with these biological resources. So that, the remote sensing find...

For the analysis of various characteristics of natural objects distributions cluster analysis, principal component analysis and regression analysis are often used. There is a large number of distributions of the parameters of natural objects (e.g. spectral characteristics of soil), where the function is unknown, and discreteness is not visible, and contrary to the basic properties of described object. The soil cover is continuous in space and has no clear boundaries between spectral characteristics, such as soil l...

Our research deals with the possibilities of finding and documenting the historical field fortifications of the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) in the Czech Republic. The archaeological site that was investigated is located in the western part of the Czech Republic, between T?ebel and VysokпїЅ SedliпїЅt? villages in Tachov district. Terrestrial laser scanning, winged RPAS (Remotely Piloted Aircraft System) and geophysical instruments GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) and a magnetometer were used to prospect and documen...

Cultural heritage represent the way of living developed by humans and it is passed through time to a generation from another. It will always be a part from our history, and if we lose it we will lose our identity, that is why its preservation is very important. Preserving the cultural heritage is always a hard task which implies a lot of people, starting with archaeologists, architects, geodesic engineers and builders. Each of these people have to work together in order to achieve an optimum result. Photogrammetry...

Contemporary digital cameras enable automated process of creating several photos of the same frame in different exposure (bracketing). By the post processing of the photo, editing it in tone mapping, correctly illuminated parts of individual photos are merged into a new one - High Dynamic Range (HDR) image. The differences between illumination of the parts of the object in direct sunlight and the one in deep shade result in a lack of recognizable details which creates challenges in photogrammetric interpretation. ...

Satellites constellation Sentinel-1 provide costless SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) images of global range. Scientific institutions operating with SAR data received the great opportunity for carrying out continuous observations of the Earth. This kind of policy affects the efficiency of performed research and has direct impact on the safety in case on environmental threats. It is possible to monitor ground deformations of endangered areas. Sentinel-1 datasets have great potential in PSInSAR (Persistent Scatterer I...

The most direct change of a watershed induced by urbanization is the land use/cover (LUC) change, which will change the flood response of the watershed. To study this effect, long series of LUC change at watershed scale is needed to be prepared. A watershed is usually a large domain even it is at small scale considering its fine spatial resolution, so the traditional way of field surveying is not feasible for mapping LUC at watershed scale. Development of satellite remote sensing technology provides inexpensive wa...

The study focusses on an evaluation of the forest changes in the Low Tatras National Park. The used methods are based on the time series of the satellite Landsat images. The impacts of disturbances on the health of vegetation, particularly forest ecosystems, are investigated using time series methods. The main data source is the archive of satellite Landsat data. The selected vegetation indices are used and tested for the purposes of the detection of land cover changes and evaluation of the health of forest. From ...

An open source toolпїЅs popularity has increased considerably, as well as micro aerial vehicles (MAV) technologies based on open source hardware. An open source software and hardware delivers a wide variety of applications and technology. The worldпїЅs most successful open source projects have their roots in the academy, and now its participation includes a wide variety of academic programs and research. Based on open source technology, a case study has been designed and performed, in order to prove this technolog...

Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data have a high commercial value. On many occasions, it is crucial to protect the fetched data in order to authenticate them and identify their original ownership. A procedure for protecting terrestrial LiDAR data is introduced in this paper. It consists of two steps: 1) Defining the positions of a watermark (i.e. markers), and 2) Embedding the watermark by modifying the locations of the points slightly within a circular area around the marker by applying the Discrete Cosine Tr...

The area of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) is Europe's largest hard coal basin. The BasinпїЅs surface area is subjected to continuous impacts and threats associated with underground exploitation, such as ground deformation and induced seismicity. The area of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin is one of the most seismically active mining regions in the world. The epicenters of the strongest tremors in the rock mass are grouped in several areas related to various structural units, which are characterized by a deep ...

The terrestrial scanning technology allows collecting data about an object and using it to create a 3D image of the object and then analyse it in a variety of ways, e.g. by performing an evaluation of the technical condition of a building or by diagnosing different irregularities or damages to its structure. The usefulness of such data depends, to a large extent, on the method and accuracy of the measurements. This article presents a test illustrating the relationship between different types of multicolor samples ...

The exchange of glaciers and climate change has gained considerable importance; therefore, many researches have conducted studies related to the subject in the world. The reduction of glacial mass changes is vital issue since it causes a significant climate change and carries certain risks. Therefore, the causes of the reduction should be investigated and the necessary precautions should be taken for this situation. As in the rest of the world, there are glacier variations in Turkey. There are mountains with perma...

Obtaining data on buildings by means of TLS (Terrestrial Laser Scanning) has recently become very popular as the time needed to take the measurements is significantly shorter than in the case of the traditional methods. The technical parameters of 3D scanners (digitizers) are becoming increasingly advanced, while the accuracy of the data collected using them allows not only to translate the geometry of a real-life object into a digital image, but also to evaluate its physical condition. This is possible due to the...

This paper presents the results of joint processing of satellite data providing record of ionospheric parameter anomalies, thermal anomalies and dynamics of lineament systems during the preparation and occurrence of a strong earthquake (M6.2, 24.08.2016, Italy). We describe the methodology for joint analysis of various geophysical parameters in monitoring of seismic areas. Based on the results of step-bystep processing of satellite data, it was demonstrated that 2 months before the seismic event, an increase in th...

Changes of the lake shoreline of glacial lakes in Tatras are significant indicator of postglacial evolution of their lake basins. In this research we evaluate the lake shoreline changes of the tatras lakes on the historical and actual analysis of the orthophoto maps from period 1949-2015. We very precisely evaluated the dynamics of the lake shoreline with application of retrospective analysis of remote sensing materials from that period. In some cases it led to quite marked shrinkage of open water lake areas as th...

Traditionally, Cultural Heritage Assets are valuable artifacts requiring special - time consuming and costly - manual preservation procedures and always subject to accidentally or intentional damage. The paper main objective are: Using low-cost & real time or late -time (client-server) methodologies at all digital documentation phase, to make CHA accessible to all interested in people by supporting virtual mobility without CHA preservation cost and using CHA digital copies and exact 3d replicasto unlock the potent...

Historical buildings require advanced measurement tools and techniques to be documented in detail and precisely because of their different natural characteristics, different dimensions, and complex architectural constructions. In this study, precise measurements were made with TotalStation, and photographs of historical works were taken from different angles. The obtained raw data were evaluated in a computer environment and a 3D model was obtained. It has been observed that the use of this system, which has start...

Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) in LiDAR technology is a commonly used method in obtaining geometric information about objects. Individual scan stations can be combined into one project using the cloud-to-cloud method or based on targets (chessboards or spheres). Target-based registration with spheres is very convenient because in planar view always circle is visible, no matter of the angle of view. On the other hand, it is inconvenient to use the same size of spheres throughout the project. Large spheres are eas...

This paper presents an application of photogrammetrical methods for called IBMR (image based modeling and rendering) in comparison with using of several laser scanning techniques. At the CTU (Czech Technical University) in Prague, Laboratory of Photogrammetry, new methods of 3D objects documentation is tested as the long term project. There are two main approaches in documentation: precise documentation by several techniques as precise close range stereo пїЅ fotogrammetry and laser scanning or simple documentation...

Measuring the behavior of building components during load tests is mostly done by the methods of length difference measurement. The most often used instruments are various types of dilatometers and inductive sensors, some offer excellent precision about level of micrometers. But problems such contact measurement, measurement of only one quantity (length), limited number of sensors located on object, need of cabling, possibility of instrument damage, high price of instruments, influence of other physical quantity o...

By definition, serviceability state is characterized by the fact that despite meeting the requirements associated with carrying capacity, the object is not suitable for use. Serviceability limit state refers to factors, such as durability, overall stability, fire resistance, cracking, excessive vibration. Perfect examples of exceeded serviceability state are the improper vibration of a skyscraper, which inhabitants may suffer from seasickness like ailment, or bridges, which by resonance might be devastated. Among ...

Finite Element Method is one most popular contemporary method of strength analysis. The method is an advanced method for solving differential equations, based on discretization, which means that area is divided into finite elements. Each finite element has a solution of the equation approximated by specific functions and performing the actual calculations only for nodes of this division. Finite Element Method is widely used in structural strength simulations, in which features such as deformations, displacements, ...

Using remote monitoring methods, including aerial remote sensing, UAV and LIDAR (remote sensing, 3D UAV imagery and LIDAR) for high-resolution investigations of waves field characteristic parameters near the seaports, gives us the support information for decision making process. Therefore the results obtained in near real-time are useful to create optimal resolution maps for waveпїЅs reflection, refraction and diffraction, depending on necessities. In this paper is evaluated the possibility to monitoring and mappi...

In this paper, we consider such dangerous disasters as wildfires. Wildfires are global sources of gas and aerosol emissions into the atmosphere and considered as one of the main factors of environmental risk, causing disbalance of the climate system of the Northern Eurasia and the planet as a whole. Taking into account terrain features and characteristic spatial scale of the Northern Eurasia, we suggest to use a satellite monitoring system for urgent detection of fire origins and assessment of volumes of hazardous...

The rapid increase of the population, misuse of natural resources, contradictions about potential land use are the most important problems on the agenda of many developed and developing countries around the world. In the last century, the migrations from urban areas to rural areas due to labor force employment and living conditions led to the growth and urban expansion in the cities. This situation reveals the necessary changes in land use in order to provide people with the fundamental needs such as food, accommo...

Survey sketch is a technical base for legal matters and base for changes cadastral operates. Sketch provides a system where individual digital and analog elements are interconnected through distinct indicators employing principles of modern relational database. The current state analysis of making of survey sketches indicates several technological inconsistencies. The goal this paper is to propose a comprehensive system which combines relational connections between analog and digital parts of survey sketches with ...

Using of photogrammetric methods on quarries of dimension stone for determining cracks parameters and stone block modeling is actual problem. The methodology of applying the modern digital cameras (SLR-type) and terrestrial laser scanning for surveying of mining objects (dimension stone blocks), reception of the information on a camp of rock mass, recognition of cracks in rock massif with following definition of their geometrical parameters, quality control of dimension stone blocks on quarry are considered. The m...

A rise of a mean global sea level recorded during the 20th and 21st century is one of the most important indicators of climate change, which induces the thermal expansion of the oceans (steric effect) and ice melting. The mean rates of global sea level rise are estimated at around 3.1 mm a year. Those rates are routinely calculated from tide gauge measurements and satellite altimetry. However, regional rates that are driven by local geophysical processes can vary significantly. Thus, the impact of sea level change...

The scope of this paper encompasses the comparison of photogrammetric measurement techniques with satellite RTK measurements. The aim of the research is to compare and combine the measurements taken by using three different techniques as well as to determine which of them is the most precise compared to the results of satellite RTK surveying. To convey the research, four measuring sets were used: a GPS receiver, a mobile laser scanner, UAV (unmanned aerial vehicles) as well as so-called пїЅphoto busпїЅ (a mobile m...

Microtexture is an important surface characteristic from the pavement skid resistance point of view. Its main role is to secure the basic friction level between tire and road surface by the contribution of the irregularities on the individual aggregate surface. Therefore the methods for its accurate evaluation are necessary. Two different methods for aggregate microtexture quantification and subsequent evaluation are presented in this paper. The first presented microscope method uses three dimensional image analys...

In the process of documenting cultural heritage, traditional techniques have left their place to digital techniques, as their efforts to acquire the right data in the shortest time have developed in technology in recent years.The most common of these techniques is the terrestrial laser scanning technique and the terrestrial photogrammetry technique. In the documentation of cultural heritage, the level at which these methods are used today is quite pleasing. The greatest advantage of these methods is that it enable...

The wide availability of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with GPS, inertial system and a digital camera makes them very affordable for many geospatial applications. Just about a decade, such applications were reserved exclusively for aerial photogrammetry. With the development and popularization of UAVs, the software was developed, that allows a very high degree of automation in the preparation of standard photogrammetric products, such as digital orthophoto (DOF) and digital terrain model (DTM). However,...

The uncontrolled water flooding in an abandoned open pit mine modifies the rock mass stability, causing rock wall falls and surface erosion that may affect great volumes of material. As regards Sardinia quarries, most of the open pit excavations need a recovery plan. The last mostly depends upon knowledge of the relationship between the geomorphological asset and the nature of weathering and related erosion processes. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the land degradation with a detailed photogrammetric survey ...

Due to rapid population growth and migration of expatriate workers seeking better employment opportunities, cities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has seen massive expansions over the past several decades. While such growth is a sign of economic prosperity of the country, they have significant impacts on the environmental, social, and economic conditions of an urban area. They also deplete the natural urban resources and in agricultural cities, reduces the lands available for farming. In this study, the changes in ...

There are a lot of traces of wars or military activities throughout the Czech Republic. You can find fortifications from Roman times to the Cold War. In 2009, a big project started in the Czech Republic пїЅ aerial laser scanning of the whole national territory. It was finished in 2013; since this year there has been a possibility to use very precise digital terrain models (DTM), a new face of the landscape mainly in forested areas, derived from aerial laser scanners and INS instruments. For archaeology, the use of...

Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS), which have become more popular in recent years, can obtain data on demand in a short time with a resolution within centimeters. Data collection is environmentally friendly and low-cost from an economical point of view; of course it is best for small areas, such as square kmпїЅs, only by using winged drones or in a few hectares by use of multi-copters. Both types have their advantages and disadvantages. Our laboratory of photogrammetry has, since 2012, focused on using RPAS...

In this paper we describe the results of satellite monitoring of Mount Etna on Sicily from January to December 2015. According to data of The National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (Italy), INGV, there were three strong eruptions of Etna (31 January, 13 May and 03 December 2015). Satellite data of the retrieved concentration of sulphur dioxide was used for monitoring. The data was obtained from OMI instrument (Ozone Monitoring Instrument, AURA satellite) measurements in the ultraviolet band. According to...

Historical artifacts are not inherited to us, but are the most precious works we will pass on to future generations.Documentation and preservation of historical works is one of the common tasks of human being. Historical artifacts are constantly eroded and worn over time in natural and unnatural ways. The restoration and consolidation of these structures should be taken as a whole in their work. Measurements and modeling of the work should be made from technological developments. The terrestrial photogrammetry tec...