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This paper presents the design and numerical analysis of an experimental system intended to study the effects of water curtains on the propagation of hydrogen explosions. The developed virtual model reproduces a test stand consisting of three successive chambers separated by two water-filled barriers acting as water curtain obstacles. The atmosphere in the chambers is composed of an explosive hydrogen–air mixture with a hydrogen concentration of 25%. The explosion is initiated in the first chamber, and the propa...

The study of hydrogen explosions in interconnected spaces is essential for safety in industrial and laboratory settings. Due to its highly flammable nature, understanding hydrogen explosion dynamics is essential for risk mitigation. This paper presents an experimental and computational analysis of a hydrogen explosion in a setup with four interconnected chambers. The experimental stand had transparent walls for direct observation. Ignition was initiated to analyze flame propagation, acceleration, and pressure vari...

Propellant powders represent a very important category of explosive substances that enter into the composition of ammunition, with military and civil purpose, in general in all systems where it is necessary to perform a progressive mechanical work. Propellant powders are widely spread in the military field and deflagration is the main form of explosive transformation. Propellant powders, also called colloidal powders, are homogeneous mixtures containing one or more energy-providing substances. Due to their imprope...

Hydrogen, known for its high flammability and potential explosive characteristics, presents significant challenges in safety engineering, particularly in enclosed spaces where explosions can lead to catastrophic consequences. This paper presents the results of physical experiments conducted to investigate the linear propagation of hydrogen explosions within confined environments. The experiments were designed to simulate real-world scenarios and assess the factors influencing the extent and characteristics of expl...

Risks are present in all economic and industrial activities that manifest themselves both through economic losses, malfunctions of installations and equipment, as well as the occurrence of minor or major accidents with particularly serious consequences resulting in deaths and injuries, pollution of the environment. The assessment of risk levels stimulates the co-interest of economic operators to improve their working and environmental conditions, respectively to take measures to move from high risk levels to lower...

Hydrogen explosions can occur in industrial processes, in laboratories, in hydrogen production and storage processes, or in new combustion processes used in modern transportation. This gas presents a particularly dangerous potential due to its flammability properties. The combustion reaction of this gas mixed with air or oxygen is strongly exothermic, resulting in a rapid increase in temperatures and pressures developed. When these overpressures become too great to be supported by the vessels or enclosures where t...

The use of natural gas as a home heating source has, unfortunately, generated a number of gas explosion events, most of which have as their main cause the accidental leakage of combustible gas. The dynamic effects generated by the explosion pressures differ from case to case, depending on the concentrations of combustible gas accumulated in the chambers from the time of the occurrence of the gas leak to the occurrence of the source of initiation. Often, these dynamic effects involve concentrations close to the sto...

Operations carried out within the oil and gas industry involve the risk of explosions which might lead to work accidents with significant consequences for personnel and installations. The release of a hydrocarbon gas due to various reasons such as improper selected equipment or its’ malfunction, staff negligence, lack of maintenance a.s.o. in mixture with air generates a potentially explosive atmosphere if the mixture’s concentration ranges between certain limits, the so-called Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) and Uppe...

Category 4 pyrotechnic articles are products that have a lot more active loads than those intended for public use (category F1, F2, F3). Both the net amount of pyrotechnic composition (NEC) and the preparatory operations that must be undertaken by the pyrotechnic team require organizing the activity in order to anticipate and eliminate the risks to which the workers of the pyrotechnic team, the public, or the targets in the adjacent area may be subject.[4] Performing fireworks with pyrotechnic articles for profess...

According to the national laws and legislation, the pyrotechnician is the person who has expertise and is authorized to handle and/or use in Romania fireworks of category F2, F3, F4, pyrotechnic articles of category T2 and/or other pyrotechnic articles of category P2. Taking into account the inherent character of the risk specific to the pyrotechnic articles as well as the complexity of carrying out operations with these types of products, it requires acquiring thorough technical and practical updated knowledge to...