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This paper assesses policy instruments supporting carbon-neutrality measures in Estonia, Portugal and Romania, aiming to identify lessons for Latvia and other European Union Member States. The study focuses on regulatory, financial and socio-economic instruments that enable climate action. Methods: The research is based on comparative document analysis of national energy and climate policy documents, recovery and resilience plans, European Commission assessments, sectoral strategies and institutional sources. The ...

The transition toward a circular economy (CE) requires collaborative governance arrangements that mobilize public authority, private capital, and technological capacity beyond the reach of any single actor. Public-private partnerships (PPPs) have long been used to finance and operate infrastructure, waste, and energy assets central to circular transitions, yet the intersection of CE and PPPs – Circular PPPs – remains conceptually dispersed and empirically thin. This study maps the emerging field of Circular PP...

In the context of globalisation and mounting socio-environmental challenges, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has emerged as a strategic mechanism for promoting sustainable development. The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) offer a universal framework requiring the active participation of both public institutions and private enterprises. This article examines the interrelationship between CSR and SDG implementation, focusing on how corporations embed socially responsible practices into th...

The idea of making learning enjoyable using games, GBL, encourages students to think out of the box, work with others and oversee individual learning. This paper investigates GBL by explaining its theoretical framework and explaining the advantages while putting into perspective the practice issues such as lack of sufficient resources and hostility towards change. This segment provides evidence of two educational games that were adapted digitally. The Circular Economy game which is an offshoot of the Quadruple Hel...

The concept of sustainability has become a cornerstone in solving global environmental, social and economic problems. Its importance has grown rapidly due to climate change, resource scarcity and social inequality. Understanding the concept of sustainability has become important in various sectors and has led to significant changes in the activities of companies, the demand for specialists and their education. Sustainable development is a basic condition that affects the Latvian economy, the education system and a...

Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are increasingly promoted as collaborative tools for advancing circular economy (CE) strategies with climate-neutral outcomes. However, current research at the intersection of PPPs, circularity, and decarbonization remains fragmented, scattered across sectors, and lacking conceptual synthesis. This study proposes a systematic review of the literature to map how PPPs support circular practices and whether these initiatives report climate-related benefits. Using Scopus as the prima...

Higher education must equip graduates with competencies that transcend disciplinary boundaries. This paper examines research literacy as a foundational pillar of sustainable higher education, with a focus on integrating Earth science and social science through interdisciplinary research. Drawing on bibliometric analysis of global, European, and Latvian publications, curriculum reviews, and survey data, the study identifies significant disparities in the way research methodology is taught and applied across institu...

Sustainability standards are essential for encouraging eco-friendly practices, social accountability, and ethical management across various industries. Although numerous sustainability standards are voluntary, an increasing number are becoming obligatory due to national laws, international treaties, or industry guidelines. In response to the escalating threats posed by climate change, the European Union (EU) is leading global initiatives aimed at achieving climate neutrality. Certification systems that authenticat...