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Flash floods are defined as rapidly developing extreme events caused by heavy or excessive amounts of rainfall. Flash floods usually occur over a relatively small area within six hours or less of the extreme event with quite a rapid streamflow rise and fall. Increased occurrence of flash flood events is expected due to climate change and increase in extreme precipitation events [1]. Flash flood forecasting is still a challenge for hydrologists and water professionals due to the complex nature of the event itself. ...

The purpose of the paper is to clarify the formation mechanism of the devastating flood in the town of Svilengrad, in the Republic of Bulgaria, in June 2012. The systemic approach is used to analyze flood formation mechanisms and improve under-standing of the complex interactions between the factors determining the formation and manifestation of floods. The spatial analysis method takes a central place in the examination of the flood formation mechanisms, using GIS as a tool for analysis. Hydraulic model for the 9...

Floods are one of the deadliest natural disasters in the world. According to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), this is a consequence of the increasing frequency of heavy precipitation, changes in upstream land use, and a continuously increasing concentration of population and assets in flood-prone areas [1]. For this reason, flood prevention, and protection are a growing priority these days. Flood hazard mapping is a state-of-the-art tool for decision-makers and stakeholders when it comes to flood prote...

According to ANSYS - developer of the Multiphysics platform for computer simulations - the FSI (Fluid-Structure Interaction) model can be used in all cases where a fluid encounters a solid structure, for example, wind gusts rotating a turbine, air washing the surface of a moving car etc. This method finds applications especially in the aeronautical and automotive industries, but also in medical research, such computer simulations track the influences of blood pressure and blood flow velocity in the veins. This pap...

Forests rank at the top of the natural assets of Romania, both because of their rich biodiversity, and their livelihood-sustaining role. In the ex-socialist countries that entered the tumultuous early-democratic era and faced many socio-economic adjustments, the monitoring of this valuable biome becomes critical for its sustainable management. This study aims to examine 20 years (2001-2020) of forest canopy loss in the Moldavian counties in Romania, using the spatial dataset provided by the GLAD laboratory and the...

The decarbonization strategies for the built environment that policy-makers face today from the EU mandate risk being made with incomplete or insufficient information. The consequence of this could be ineffective choices, thus slowing down the ongoing ecological transition, or their high cost, whether borne by the state or citizens. The progressive and unstoppable digitization of the built environment offers information collection and previously unthinkable management opportunities. The construction sector, tradit...

The current information age has led, globally, to an exponential increase regarding the availability and the use of the information, both structured and unstructured, a phenomenon known as Big Data. The term Big Data refers not only to the massive volume and variety of data itself, but also to the set of technologies that surround it, in order to collect, store, retrieve, manage, process and analyze data in order to solve complex problems in society, respectively for increasing the quality of life in all its aspec...

We investigated the changes in element content and distribution in peat profile in a study aimed to monitor the geochemical changes accruing in the process of peat accumulation. Changes in the chemical composition of peat ash and underlying sediments have been studied in the central part of the Ubinskoye bog in the foreststeppe zone of Western Siberia. Two parallel peat cores were sampled to a depth of 310 cm. The upper peat layers are characterized by oxidative environment and increased concentrations of elements...

Several geochemical analyses (bulk parameters, particle size, loss on ignition, major, minor and trace elements) were performed on 51 recent sediment samples collected in May 2022 from Rosulet, Rosu and Puiu lakes which are located in the fluvio-marine delta plain of the Danube Delta, Romania. The aim of this study was to decipher the potential origin of anthropogenic and/or natural sources, weathering, sedimentary processes and the local geochemical fingerprint on the distribution of specific chemical elements in...

The article presents the current state and views of the author in connection with the creation of a Geoinformation system for the territory of Bulgaria within the meaning of the Geodesy and Cartography Act. The provisions of this law on this issue are from its entry into force, i.e. since 2006 and so far, there is no officially published information on actions in this direction, except for the creation and maintenance of Web applications with information on materials and data from the Bulgarian Geocartfond and inf...

This paper covers the activities of creating a database for the study of modern crustal movements in the region of Sofia and Southwestern Bulgaria, including data from GNSS measurements of the geodynamic network and the results of their processing and analysis, data from permanent stations and archive data from Synthetic-aperture radar, processing and obtaining interferometric images. The local archive of GNSS measurement includes: manual sketches of the location of the points; log sheets of the measurement with i...

BIM (Building Information Modeling) allows the use of a virtual building model throughout the whole life cycle of the building. It is a parametric object-oriented 3D data model of a building, which contains information about structures, elements, and their parameters. The combination of the BIM model with detailed data on the as-built geometry of the building enables an effective geometry check of the structural elements, which leads to in-time intervention in the building process if needed. The requirement of eff...

Geopark is a region that has a complex special protected status, on the territory of which the geological history of the Earth, the formation of local landscapes, expressive geological formations, and layers of fossil fauna are clearly revealed. A geopark is not only a geological heritage, but also habitats for biological species, interconnected ecosystems, it is a cultural and historical heritage. Geopark is a favorable environment for the development of ecotourism and related business. UNESCO Global Geoparks are...

The Alto do Sobrido and Ribeiro da Serra Mines, are two antimony-gold mines located in Gondomar, Portugal, and are part of the Durico-Beirao Mining District (DBMD). In this work, we use four geophysical methods, such as gravity, radiometry, magnetic and electromagnetic, to improve the knowledge about these mineralizations and the lithologies and structures associated with them. These four methods allowed us to study these mineralizations through different physical properties. The gravimetric method allowed us to a...

Romula, the most important urban settlement of Dacia Inferior (Dacia Malvensis) province of the Roman empire during the 2nd and 3rd centuries A.D., was located in the present-day Resca village-Dobrosloveni commune, Olt County, Romania. Most of the Roman town remains are underneath Resca village premises, the areas suitable for archaeological or geophysical research being limited. This paper presents an integrated geophysical study carried out in the Central Fort zone of the archaeological site in September 2020, w...

Erosion dominates among the degradation processes of chernozems (black soils) in Ukrainian. It covers 32% of the total area of agricultural land - 14.9 million hectares. The development of erosion processes depends on the combined effect of factors: climatic, geomorphologic, geologic (including the characteristics of parent rocks), hydrogeologic and technogenic impact. The purpose of the research is the analysis of natural and technogenic factors of chernozems degradation in Ukraine to develop the principles of pr...

The purpose of this work is to determine and evaluate how the newly built areas, in the municipality of Iasi, in the period 2016-2021, are affected by the Urban Island. The Urban Heat Island (UHI) represents the phenomenon of higher atmospheric and surface temperatures occurring in urban area or metropolitan area than in the surrounding rural zones due to urbanization.The data acquisition stage involved extracting construction data from the unique integrated national system of cadastre and real estate advertising,...

The current research aims to apply cluster analysis using the software ArcGIS in the study of the food industry in Bulgaria for the period 2010 to 2020. The use of clustering methods is necessary to differentiate homogeneous groups of administrative-territorial units of NUTS 3 level on certain indicators to reveal several features and implement specific economic policies and measures for areas of a cluster and others. The grouping of the areas according to the considered indicators was done with the tool Grouping ...

Climate change and environmental degradation pose an existential threat to the EU and the world. The aim of the Green Agreement for Europe is to make Europe climate neutral by 2050, to support the economy through green technologies, to create a sustainable industry and transport and to reduce pollution. Turning climate and environmental challenges into opportunities will make the transformation fair and inclusive. The European Commission is helping EU Member States to design and implement reforms that support ecol...

Waste management is a public service, the provision of which is the responsibility of local authorities. The area of waste management is currently very strongly regulated in the national and European and at the same time monitored by the civil public with a strong context in public election processes. Expenditures on waste management make up a relatively substantial part of municipal expenditures not only in the Czech Republic but also in developed countries, which is why a number of economists are paying attentio...

The inclusion of greenery in spatial planning has an irreplaceable function. Not only do these areas fulfill an aesthetic function in otherwise monotonous areas of villages and towns, but they also significantly affect the quality of life of local citizens. These are primarily areas that provide a space for people to meet in a pleasant green environment and, thus, an opportunity to relax and recharge their batteries as a result of the positive effect of greenery on the human psyche. At the same time, green areas s...

In the last time there is an open dialog among scientists, economists, engineers, politicians, as well as city councils and municipalities, about future plans for urban development by considering green real estate for shaping sustainable cities. Applying the concept of sustainable development concretely means to develop and apply local strategies, not only in technology, and economy, but also in environmental and social fields, by considering sustainability requirements. In this regard it is obvious that mindset c...

The awareness and attitudes of stakeholders are crucial for the development of green roofs and green walls. The aim of this article is to analyze the awareness, opinions and attitude of respondents from Sofia, Bulgaria regarding green roofs and green walls, as well as the willingness to pay (WTP) for these types of green infrastructure. A direct consumer survey was conducted, containing 17 questions regarding sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents, awareness/opinions about green roofs and green walls ...

Higher education institutions play a central role in shaping labor skills and green culture essential in the future low-carbon economy. This paper examines the impact of green education policies in the higher education sector on the business cycle and compares them to standard incentives to encourage green production at the firm level. For our purpose, we set up a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model extended to account for the endogenous selection of green and traditional human capital and heterogeneous h...

Environmental friendliness, energy efficiency and sustainability are very important issues in all aspects of human lives. This is particularly true for shipping, including all its modes like long-distance, short-sea and inland shipping, where environmental regulations have become very strict in the last decade. On the one hand, fishing vessels are slightly out of these regulations, but on the other hand greening the fishing fleets is highly promoted by the European Union funding bodies as well as by the local auth...

At the Azgir nuclear test site in Western Kazakhstan 17 nuclear explosions were carried out at a depth of 165 to 1500 m, as well as ground explosions. Nine underground cavities with a total volume of about 1.2 million m3 with extremely high residual radioactivity were formed in the thickness of the rock salt layers. Five of the nine cavities are filled with groundwater and strontium, cesium and plutonium radionuclides are leaking into the environment, and radionuclides spread through food chains. A medical examina...

The study presents a developed instrumental and methodological complex designed to monitor changes in the state and development of dangerous processes in a natural and technogenic system, including the structural integrity of building structures and geodynamic processes in the soil rocks of their placement sites, including the activation of previously passive faults. The complex includes three orthogonal molecular-electronic linear displacement sensors and three orthogonal torsional vibration sensors which can sel...

The electrification process of the materials and technical equipment-s, especially the external parts of them, frequently occur during their use, being sometimes an intrinsic process, such as for example flowing of a flammable liquid through a pipe. The electrification process of materials and technical equipment-s is responsible for generating, through specific mechanisms, significant quantities of electrostatic charges. The presence of electrostatic charges on materials and technical equipment-s, used in areas w...

Magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) is a non-hydraulic binder produced in a more eco-efficient way than Portland cement and due to its favorable properties represents its promising alternative in the production of construction materials for specific applications. The specific advantage of MOC is the fact that it can accommodate organic as well as inorganic substances in the form of fillers, aggregates, additives, reinforcement, etc. which enables enriching properties and performance of the final composite material....

The Research Institute for Brown Coal j. s. c. (VUHU) has been involved in the research project of the EU Research Fund of Coal and Steel - The impact of extreme weather events on mining operations for four years. The project is focused on assessing the impact of climate change on mining activities in major European coal basins. Other participants are scientific teams from Poland, Great Britain, Spain, Germany and Greece. This is the last year of the project solving, so this paper summarizes the results of the sol...

Awareness of the importance of sustainable agriculture has increased in recent decades. One of the reasons for this is the widespread use of synthetic pesticides and their possible secondary negative effects on valuable carnivores and biodiversity. Therefore, the need for biological and environmentally friendly alternatives to pest control has become relevant. This relevance is also reinforced by the European Union's Green Deal agenda and its underlying strategy - Farm to Fork, which aim to mitigate climate change...

The first oil discovery from Romanian Black Sea area was in 1987, relatively late compared with the first successful Romanian onshore well, more than 100 years earlier. Starting from that moment and continuing till recent years, several discoveries were done; some are already put into production and some others are still in the exploration phase. In order to extract as much oil as possible and also to define new hydrocarbon reservoirs, it is mandatory to have a proper understanding of the petroleum systems from th...

As the world adopts the technological era, the adverse effects of climate change have been experienced by the increasing population, which has led to a rise in energy demand. Heavy industries depend on dirty fossil fuels that release GHG emissions into the atmosphere. This paper aims to review the integration of a nuclear-renewable hybrid energy system (NRHES) to produce green hydrogen in decarbonizing hard-to-abate industries in the ASEAN region. In this study, the two main hydrogen production methods were identi...

Floods are the most frequent and widespread natural disasters worldwide (WMO, 2013). In 2006 for instance, exceptionally high river levels caused loss of lives and considerable economic losses in Serbia, Bulgaria and Romania. Thus risk prevention strategies were reconsidered and the need for common solutions for the Danubian countries was outlined. Non-structural measures to mitigate flood risk as is the improvement of forecasting capabilities on a basin-wide scale are known to be highly effective. The DAREFFORT p...

The paper deals with the possibility of obtaining zinc and iron from waste galvanic sludge, which arises during galvanic plating. Galvanic sludges, which contain more significant amounts of heavy metals, form wastes that are suitable for recycling. These arise during the treatment of wastewater from the operation of the electroplating plant. It is a mixture of metal hydroxides, mainly iron, zinc, chromium, and others. The sludge is sedimented in the reaction wells and, after sedimentation, is pumped into the sludg...

In recent years, the growing impact of flood events on society, economy and environment, has increased the need for early prevention and mitigation measures. The prediction of future flooding areas represents an important tool that can reduce the magnitude of consequences, by identifying and mapping the flood prone-areas. The intensity and extension of floods depends on various contributing parameters, such as hydrometeorological and geomorphological indicators, land use, anthropic activities. Therefore, by analys...

Organic soils can be a major source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in countries with high peat soil coverage, and emissions are observed in both sectors of agriculture and land use, land use change and forestry. This phenomenon is well-known and persistent in the Nordic part of Europe, but proper soil management practices are not often exhaustively understood and present. This study aims to assess the current situation by identifying the climate change mitigation (CCM) targeted management practices on organic s...

Almonds can be infected by mycotoxigenic fungi both during the vegetation and during storage after harvesting. Most of the times the almonds are healthy, but during the improper storage they can be contaminated by fungi from the genus Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium. The mentioned fungi are very dangerous for health because they are producing carcinogenic mycotoxins. The purpose of the work was to identify the fungi that are growing on the marketed almonds when they are placed on culture media after a previo...

The use of natural gas as a home heating source has, unfortunately, generated a number of gas explosion events, most of which have as their main cause the accidental leakage of combustible gas. The dynamic effects generated by the explosion pressures differ from case to case, depending on the concentrations of combustible gas accumulated in the chambers from the time of the occurrence of the gas leak to the occurrence of the source of initiation. Often, these dynamic effects involve concentrations close to the sto...

Climate change-s effect on nature, the human population and water resources have become a serious issue. It affects the delicate balance between precipitation, evaporation, discharge and other interactions between the atmosphere and surface, which is represented by the water cycle as we know it. The adaptation of water resources to changing hydrological conditions within basins is crucial. However, the uncertainty of climate change makes it difficult for hydrological models to evaluate future conditions. To suppre...

The COVID-19 outbreak has heavily influenced the way many businesses operate across all sectors linked to both changes in the consumer behavior, social-distancing restrictions and also the availability of resources and services (inc. public services) for businesses. These restrictions have influenced also the work of enterprises in the sector of bioeconomy - producers, processors and distributors of manufactured goods like food, clothing or home goods and other bio-based sectors both in the stages of primary produ...

Ductile iron is currently one of the most popular construction materials. Its mechanical properties are close to those of steel. The basic material in the production of ductile iron is gray iron, which can be produced in a cupola or in an electric induction or electric arc furnace. After tapping the gray cast iron from the furnace, the gray cast iron is processing into ductile iron. This process is called modification. Magnesium and its alloys and cerium are most often used as modifiers. In addition to the modific...

The paper presents the effect of zeolitic volcanic tuff on soil fertility as a consequence of treating soil with zeolitic tuff supplies (clinoptilolite rich tuff). This high silicon tuff type and the essential features of the clinoptilolite has generated in time changes in soil properties like soil reaction, an effective pH buffering, increase of water absorption and cation exchange properties. The effect of using three different doses of zeolitic volcanic tuff, with and without ammonium nitrate addition as fertil...

One of the largest producers of GHG emissions in agriculture is the dairy and meat livestock sector. Grassland is the main feed base for dairy and meat cattle. Managed grasslands can become a major contributor to and leverage of GHG gas exchange. High quality information with studies on the flow of the three main GHG gases and concentration linked to different management strategies is important for the development of good management practices, as well as for the development of climateresilient landscapes and the r...

This article deals with the design and implementation of an intelligent biometric system that allows the detection and classification of a person's face from static image data and creates a system for evaluating its reliability. In its introductory part, it theoretically describes applied biometrics and biometric systems for security identification and user verification, and also deals with the theory of the description of algorithms for human face detection and recognition. Subsequently, the authors use the MATLA...

Food waste is a growing global concern, with the attention of major global organizations focusing on monitoring and finding solutions to optimize it. According to the latest data published by the National Institute of Public Health on this topic (2019), in Romania, food waste is estimated at 6,000 tons per day 49% from households, 37% from the food industry, 7% from retail, 5 % of public catering and 2% of the agricultural sector. In this context, it was proposed to implement a system based on reducing waste and w...

Providing an affordable high quality animal protein, a high chance for investment, job opportunities and a great source of income for the small holders, poultry production/farming remains as a stable investment all over the world. However the recent pandemic - Corona Virus Disease -19 (Covid-19) affected the sustainability of various animal production sectors worldwide and in developing countries and the influences of these are more severe. Excluded from the mandatory closures are those industries involved in the ...

Along with pedestrian traffic, urban cycling is an ecological, social way of moving that does not generate pollution or noise and is good for health. In this context, more attention should be paid to the design of cycling infrastructure - because if we want more cyclists on city streets, then we need to provide them with adequate, fast and safe infrastructure. Infrastructure works for cycles must not affect spaces intended for pedestrians but must be located in the space used by motorized means of transport, aimin...

Waste and by-products from the food industry put pressure on the environment. FAO defined food losses as losses along the food chain between producer and market, while safe and nutritious food is thrown away as waste. About a third of the food produced is wasted. A significant amount of food is disposed of as waste, especially in developed countries, and this also means the disposal of resources used to produce food. Food waste is not only an economic problem, but also an environmental and moral problem. Food dive...

Recent years have seen an increase in microbial biofilm resistance, which has led to great challenges for the medical community in terms of treating diseases and the food industry in terms of contamination and the loss of shelf life. The purpose of this work is to test the antimicrobial efficacy against the biofilm formed by the following reference strains: Streptococcus pyogenes (ATCC 19615), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Shigella flexneri (ATCC 12022), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Escherichia coli ...