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The aim of this study is to identify an appropriate management practice applicable to permanent grassland ecosystems located in the low-altitude area of the Western Plain of Romania. To achieve this objective, a comprehensive study was conducted, initially focusing on determining the main soil types and their characteristics. The next stage involved performing soil analyses to identify the natural reserve of macroelements. Subsequently, the type of plant association that defines the permanent grassland ecosystem w...

In the development of plant communities within permanent grasslands, key environmental factors include relief, climate, soil characteristics, groundwater, and anthropogenic influence. The primary objective of this study was to identify the interdependence between the botanical composition of the plant community, plant productivity, and the main biotope characteristics. The ecological and forage value assessment of the studied ecosystem involved evaluating species requirements for the following ecological indicator...

Ensuring ecologically grown fodder for organic livestock farming has become an imperative matter for the development of the livestock sector in western Romania. Against this background, but also due to very good production results and the improving effects on soil fertility, more Romanian farmers are choosing to include, each year, fodder legumes in their crop rotation. The research conducted over three experimental years, in two agricultural areas from the Timis Plain, known as favorable for fodder pea crops, had...

In the current global food and environmental context, the cultivation of legumes crops is of particular interest, because of the high protein content of the grains for feed, as well as of the ability of these valuable species to fix a high amount of natural nitrogen in the soil. Due to its many agricultural advantages, soybean continues to be one of the most valuable crops cultivated in the world and one of the most important sources of plant protein both for human and animal feed. In Romania, soybean is cultivate...

Biomass is the first form of energy used by man at the same time with the discovery of fire, means all the products of animal and vegetable origin used in present in the production of energy. Actually, the biomass approximately half (44-65 %) of the total renewable energy sources used in the EU, and occupies a third place as a primary energy source in the world, after coal and oil. At the same time represents a sustainable alternative to reduce carbon emissions. The experimental territory is located in the middle ...

The study aimed to identify the influence of the altitudinal difference on the fertility characteristics of grasslands soils and implicitly on the production and quality of plant associations intended for grazing with animals. For that, the study material was represented by the soils of the grasslands in the region of the ?ureanu Mountains, part of the Southern Carpathians of Romania. From a geographical point of view, distinct formations were identified in the studied area with altitudes between 250 m and 1800/18...

The highly diversified structure of the vegetal carpet in permanent grasslands, made up of numerous plant species from various botanical families, also influences a strong differentiation in the consumption of nutrients by these plant species. Thus, species with high fodder value, are high consumers of nitrogen, and meadow leguminous species require higher consumption of phosphorus, calcium, and potassium. The area of permanent grasslands studied is located in the Banat Plain Romania, more precisely at the contact...

Grasslands, some of the most important resources of mountain areas, have been and are subject to changes, both in time and in space, under the action of natural and/or anthropogenic factors. In this context, the research aims, in the first stage, to identify and quantify the areas of grasslands subject to changes, both through surface losses and gains, and in the second stage, to establish the general direction of changes, at regional level. As a case study, the area of the Banat Mountains, from southwest Romania,...

Renewable energy is the energy produced from renewable resources replenished naturally on a human scale from sources: sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, geothermal heat, etc. Renewable energy induces a negligible ecological footprint that is quite limited in the area of operation, while at the same time providing obvious ecological benefits and contributing to the sustainable development of human societies. Today in 2022, renewable energy sources are considered alternatives to fossil fuels because they contribute...

The soils potential is the result of interdependence between the characteristics of the vegetation and the natural environment, also the level of production is the result of the influence of determining factors: natural environmental factors and technological factors. The influence of biotope relief factors on the above-ground vegetation is a direct consequence of the altitudinal differentiation of climatic conditions, a vegetation layer and implicitly a rather varied and complex area soil cover. It is unanimously...

The purpose of the paper is to perform a topographic lifting and traction of an architectural project for the execution of a Tyrolean that is arranged on various relief forms, in a hilly area, halfway between Timisoara and Lugoj, Timis County, Romania. The development of an adventure park in an area so close to urban settlements has a great impact on the public of all age categories. Children are the main beneficiaries of such objectives because they test their minds and, at the same time, implement an active and ...

By product is broadly understood as a product obtained in a usually industrial or biological process in addition to the main product for which the process is carried out. The main challenge addressed to humanity as well as productive ecosystems, regardless of the form of terrestrial or aquatic substrate, is to cope with the rapid rate of growth of the planet's population. The demographic growth of the planet must be in balance with the maintenance of the environment and also with climatic shifts. By-products are o...

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are solutions that cover a wide range of fields, from the management of urban resources, the introduction of satellite tracking and coordination of roads routes, tourism, civil protection, logistical support in case of natural disasters, land records, management of agricultural farms and forest fund, etc. At present there are many uses of science applied in society and which provide decision support for many beneficiaries - companies, public authorities. Thus, GIS with urban ap...

The productivity of the grasslands is determined by the biodiversity of the plant species present in the vegetation, their quality, but also their exploitation. For their inventory, a series of determination methods are used, methods that are difficult to manage and that require a good knowledge of the plant species. For an agronomic characterization of the plots, it is sufficient to consider only the main species that dominate the plant biomass. A more simplified method is that of botanical surveys which focus on...

The main purpose of our research was to accumulate as much scientific data as possible, regarding the properties of the soil (physical, chemical and hydrophysical) of the various types of soil, necessary to establish strategies for adapting agricultural systems to the effects of climate change, through a complex approach of physical-geographical and climatic-edaphic conditions in the Western part of Romania, respectively, the Mure?-Gala?ca Plain. Its general objectives consist in the accumulation of scientific dat...

The current paper presents the way of carrying out the topographical works combined with the design of the redevelopment of a recreation park in a crowded urban area of the municipality of Timisoara. The aim of the work was to create a topographical plan using the AutoCad, and Autodesk Map programs in order to draw up the architectural landscape redevelopment plan. The multitude of the block of flats located in the Calea Girocului neighborhood, makes the lack of green spaces acutely felt by the residents. For this...

The theme of the work aimed to present a model of drawing up and carrying out a drawing work for collective constructions in order to build a building with a ground floor + 1st floor + attic. This project has been approved by the City Hall of Timisoara, Romania. The purpose of the work was to identify and execute a topographic elevation, to draw and track the horizontality and verticality of the building for each level (ground floor, floor, attic). The work was completed with the preparation of a cadastral documen...

The Cri?ul-Alb River springs from the Apuseni mountains, and its course crosses many rural and urban towns. In the Cri?ul Alb hollow, there are several tributaries that have a significant contribution to the volume and water flow of the Cri?ul Alb River. Due to the abundant precipitation combined with the melting of the snow during the spring period, high levels of water flow are created, endangering human settlements and other goods isolated by their flooding. The aim of the paper was to present a topographic stu...

Sustainable agriculture appears as a current challenge due to interdependence between the continuous increases of the standard of living correlated with a depletion of the renewable natural resources. Thus, raising the standard of living translates to increasing the population globally and to ensure food is needed access to more and more natural resources and implicitly the phenomenon of wasting part of these natural resources in the form of by-products or by-products. The study also wants to make known as well as...