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This study evaluates the impact of NPK fertilization on soil chemical properties, nutrient dynamics, and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) yield under field conditions in Western Romania. The experiment was conducted on a chernozem soil, where different fertilization rates were applied to assess their influence on key soil parameters, including pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, and selected microelements. Soil samples were collected at different growth stages of sunflower and analyze...

The paper aimed to present the quality of some soils from the West Region from Romania. The soil types who were studied occupied a surface of 4.013 ha in Arad Department. The main soil types who was founded in this area is Chernozems on 75.54% from the surface, Haplic Phaeozems on 2.43% from the studied surface, Pelosols on 7.66% from the surface, Vertisols on 13.15% from the surface, Gleysols on 0.36% from the surface and Solonetz on 0.86% from the studied surface. This paper presents a synthesis of the limiting ...

According to the European Environment Agency, soil is involved in providing more than 90% of the total production related to human nutrition, animal feed, textile fibers and fuels, while also providing the raw material for all kinds of other related activities, such as horticulture and construction. In order to monitor soil quality, it is necessary: common analyzes for all types of soils (with soil samples in disturbed and undisturbed structure) and typical soil analyzes (for soils: unsaturated with basic cations,...

This research was conducted for six years, in experimental fields located in B-rzava Plain, West part of Romania. The purpose of this research was to observe if a mixture of manure and calcium carbonate can improve some fertility indicators of soil. The monitored soil fertility indicators were: pH, humus content and nitrogen index. The mixture applied on the experimental field contain 20 t/ha cow manure and 4 t/ha calcium carbonate, being distributed in the first experimental year and in the fourth experimental ye...

Potassium (K) is a crucial mineral nutrient that plays a significant role in various physiological and metabolic processes in plants. Disruptions in potassium supply can severely impair vegetative development, making efficient potassium fertilization strategies essential for maintaining plant health and productivity. As the most abundant inorganic cation in plant cells, potassium is vital for proper physiological functioning, primarily existing as a free ion (K?). It is indispensable for several physiological func...

The impact of abandoned mines on the water environment is a significant concern due to the long-lasting ecological and health effects associated with mining activities. Numerous scientific studies highlight that abandoned mines pose substantial threats to local water quality through the release of toxic substances and heavy metals into adjacent ecosystems. The zones of the 2 mines have been subject to various environmental and hydrological assessments, particularly concerning the effects of mining activities on wa...

Soil organic matter (SOM) plays a crucial role in maintaining soil fertility and ecosystem stability by influencing nutrient cycling and water retention capacity. Climate change, manifested through rising temperatures, extreme precipitation variability, and increased frequency of extreme weather events, directly affects the dynamics of SOM decomposition and accumulation. This paper examines the mechanisms by which these climatic changes impact SOM stability, emphasizing their effects on agricultural and natural so...

Urban soil contamination with heavy metals is a growing environmental concern due to its adverse effects on human health, ecosystem stability, and soil productivity. The primary sources of this pollution include industrial activities, vehicular emissions, atmospheric deposition, mining operations, and improper waste disposal. As heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), and chromium (Cr) accumulate in the soil, their persistence and low mobility make them difficult to degrade or rem...

This study aims to evaluate the effects of foliar fertilization (FF) on the yield and quality of sunflower seeds. Foliar fertilization (FF) applied to sunflower crops can have significant impacts on seed yield and quality, influencing their chemical composition and nutritional values. Unlike soil fertilization, which delivers nutrients through the root system, foliar fertilization supplies nutrients directly to the leaves, ensuring a rapid and efficient absorption of essential elements during critical growth stage...

This study investigates the effects of foliar fertilization (FF) on the yield and quality of corn grains, utilizing Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to optimize foliar treatment applications. The PCA approach enabled the identification of the most effective FF formulation for enhancing grain production and quality. The experiments were conducted in 2022 and 2023 at the university's experimental field, evaluating seven treatment variants, each with distinct chemical compositions labelled from V1 to V7, along with...

A genuine and urgent need is to prevent and treat bacterial diseases primarily caused by germs that have developed antibiotic resistance. These factors led to several studies focusing on alternate or supplementary antimicrobial methods. With the expectation that, unlike antibiotics, they will be effective without causing resistance, researchers are becoming increasingly interested in antimicrobial substances made from natural resources, such as plant extracts, essential oils, and peptides. The present study invest...

Rapeseed meal is a valuable source of protein for animals feeding. It can be used as an alternative to soybean meal in the mixtures of combined feeds intended for farm animals. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the chemical and nutritional composition of the rapeseed meal intended for use in the feeding of monogastric livestock. 70 samples of rapeseed meal arrived at the Laboratory of Chemical Analyses for Animal Nutrition, were analysed. The following values were obtained for the main nutritional co...

The use of pig slurry as fertilizer has a clear impact on farm-level energy input requirements, being a correct and natural way of its decomposition and also contributing to the reducing of the amount of chemical fertilizers used, which, in addition to the high cost, may leads to the pollution of the areas where they are applied. Swine sludge could provide between 38 and 61% of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in chemical fertilizer. The purpose of the work is to determine the changes that the application of...

Achieving profitable crop production milestones hinges on the establishment of a robust soil fertility program. Such programs demand foresight and meticulous planning. To ensure the profitability and efficiency of wheat cultivation, it is imperative to provide the right amount of essential plant nutrients precisely when and where the crop requires them. The application rates of fertilizers hold little significance if these vital nutrients are not distributed at the appropriate locations and times. Wheat, in partic...

The rise of bacterial resistance to currently employed antibiotics is causing growing concerns for public health. The emergence of highly resistant bacterial strains results in the ineffectiveness of antibiotic treatments against many bacterial infections. As a result, there is an ongoing quest for new antimicrobial agents. This pursuit can take two main directions: one involves the design and synthesis of novel agents, while the other involves exploring natural sources to uncover previously undiscovered antimicro...

The paper presents the effect of zeolitic volcanic tuff on soil fertility as a consequence of treating soil with zeolitic tuff supplies (clinoptilolite rich tuff). This high silicon tuff type and the essential features of the clinoptilolite has generated in time changes in soil properties like soil reaction, an effective pH buffering, increase of water absorption and cation exchange properties. The effect of using three different doses of zeolitic volcanic tuff, with and without ammonium nitrate addition as fertil...

Waste and by-products from the food industry put pressure on the environment. FAO defined food losses as losses along the food chain between producer and market, while safe and nutritious food is thrown away as waste. About a third of the food produced is wasted. A significant amount of food is disposed of as waste, especially in developed countries, and this also means the disposal of resources used to produce food. Food waste is not only an economic problem, but also an environmental and moral problem. Food dive...

A good soil fertility program requires vision and planning. Achieving cost-effective and efficient wheat production involves providing sufficient amounts of plant nutrients when and where the crop needs them. Wheat is a particularly demanding crop for fertilization, which reacts positively to the application of fertilizers. Cereal consumes moderate amounts of nutrients due to the fact that its roots explore a smaller volume of soil. The influence of foliar fertilizers for different crops is diverse and depends on ...

Nowadays, wheat is the most important food source worldwide and rapeseed has become one of the alternative sources of energy, that is, biofuel. In the current global economic context, the practice of intensive farming, by applying large amounts of fertilizers is no longer sustained, mostly because of the negative environmental impact and also because of the high prices of fertilizers. It is imperatively necessary to practice an efficient management of nitrogen fertilizer, in order to avoid both environmental and e...