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Lately, the waste black liquor generated through paper manufacturing, has been increased in amounts, which represents a threat to the environment and human health. On the other hand, there is a great concern related to the energy crisis occurring all over the world. The use of fossil fuels through the combustion process generates greenhouse gas emissions being harmful to the environment. For this reason, the principle of the circular economy must be taken into account, ``nothing is lost, everything is transformed'...

The lignocellulosic biomass is produced worldwide in large quantities, which may contribute to environmental changes, global warming, wildfires, ocean and sea level rise. Recent research demonstrated efficacy of the thermal reconversion of black liquor, which represents a waste resulted from wood Kraft pulping, into gaseous (syngas), liquid (bio-oil) and solid (bio-char) final products through the pyrolysis process. This review describes the physical chemical and energy features of black liquor required for its va...

This study investigated changes in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentrations in the three components of the forest ecosystem (leaves, bark and soil) along an altitudinal gradient in the temperate forests of Romania. The properties and processes within the forest ecosystem are influenced by altitude. The leaves, litter and soil are important in the good development of the ecosystem and in the cycle of the elements. Plants extract the nutrients necessary for life and growth from the soil in which they carry out the...

Meat and bone meal (MBM) is considered animal waste and can no longer be used in agriculture since the onset of the disease called spongiform encephalopathy in cattle. This waste is burned and then dumped in landfills, which causes unwanted emissions to the environment. This is a real problem nowadays and we must find environmentally friendly solutions must be identified to eliminate this waste by energy recovery. For these reasons, a lot of processes have been developed to recovery the MBM, which are environmenta...

There is an increased concern about the constantly mounting amounts of sewage sludge due to different factors, in particular population growth and urbanization. Therefore, besides common sewage sludge disposal, innovative solutions are required, such as by energy recovery. The present research aimed at evaluation of the energy potential of sewage sludge from a Romanian municipal wastewater treatment plant. A viable and sustainable solution for the removal of sludge is the "transfer" of this so-called waste, in pel...