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Tunnel ’’St. Ilija’’ is on the road that connects the Makarska Riviera and a new highway through the mountain range Biokovo (Figure 1). With a length of 4250 m, it is currently fourth road tunnel in Croatia, but also the tunnel with greatest overburden of 1300 m. According to the available information this is a road tunnel with the biggest limestone overburden in Europe, and as such it represented a real challenge for all who participated in its construction. This article describes the geodetic works that ...

The Act on protection and conservation of cultural goods has been in force in the Republic of Croatia since 1999. It defines types of cultural goods and measures for their protection and conservation. The main authority for protection and conservation of cultural goods is the Ministry of Culture. This paper will describe geodetic works on saving a protected cultural monument. Results of the analysis of movement measurements over a longer time period will give insight into the real conditions and enable experts to ...

Extremely fast and dynamic changes in space require efficient and appropriate recordkeeping of these. Records of spatial data without a time component give insight into data at a current moment and in their current condition in the field or records. By adding the time component (4th dimension) to spatial data, an additional function of spatial database is enabled. Spatial database becomes a spatio-temporal database and it is possible to send queries to the base which result in a set of data at a certain time momen...

Standardisation and participation in the processes of developing standards are becoming increasingly important for the surveying profession. Application of standards is a very important part in the process for Quality Management (QM). A key role in developing standards has The International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO), a worldwide federation of national standards bodies from almost 150 countries. However, in many cases the prescribed standards are not appropriate for practising professionals, so that th...

Tunnels are the objects of road infrastructure which construction requires very complex, demanding, and responsible geodetic tasks. In the tunnelling, at first it is necessary to establish high quality geodetic control that serves as the base for the transfer of the planned tunnel axis in horizontal and vertical directions, as well as the base for all geodetic measurements realised before, during and after tunnel construction. The basic quantity for the planning the completely measuring concept in the tunnelling i...

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) (predominantly GPS carrier phase-based positioning) are used today more and more in various areas of geodesy and surveying. In order to determine the position of a large number of points as quickly as possible, GPS RTK (Real Time Kinematic) surveying method is the most productive one because the coordinates are obtained in real time directly in the field and involve occupying points for a short period of time. Because point positions with high precision are immediately kn...

The subjects of deformation monitoring are either natural objects such as ground deformation due to mining exploitation, withdrawal of oil or underground water, active tectonic plate boundaries, glacier movements etc., or the man-made objects such as dams, bridges, tunnels and other complex engineering structures. The results of deformation monitoring are directly relevant to the safety of human life and environment protection. The bridges are very important subjects in the field of infrastructure management. Stab...