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Surfactants as detergents and emulsifying agents are used in various fields of industry and agriculture. These amphiphilic compounds contain hydrophobic and hydrophilic fragments and are usually produced by large-scale chemical synthesis processes. However, recently there is a request to develop biotechnological methods to obtain surfactants, since biosurfactants have many advantages above their chemical analogues - higher tolerance to extreme temperatures, pH and salinity, higher stability and lower or zero negat...

Biomethane and other renewable gases will enable to thrive on a fully renewable energy system. Biomethane has similar qualities to natural gas, so it can be injected into existing natural gas infrastructure or used as a biofuel for transport. Also, its use means a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. This work is part of the LIFE LANDFILL BIOFUEL project that aims to implement a cost-effective system based on new techniques to improve the recovery of landfill biogas and the product...

Herbal teas are a popular beverage, that can be prepared very easily (by pouring hot water on various dried herbs). It is very important to monitor and develop a screening methodology for detecting the metal content of both tea plants and herbal tea. A variety of bioactive phytochemicals in the human diet are from f plant-based foodstuffs. Due to their minor side effects, the medicinal plants are widely used to treat many human diseases. Polyphenols, the most abundant components in tea, determine the quality and h...

It proved experimentally that for neutralized sea water (removal of microorganisms) may be used electro dialysis device, as its economy and proper quality of sea water are justified. Research data need to refine and continue in this direction. At three locations in the Adjara coastal zone of the Black Sea (Pichvnari, Kvariati, the coast of the Batumi port), as a result of Electro dialysis, recorded more than effective ion removal NH4+ - ions, than NO2- -ions. As a result of electro dialysis, the concentration of b...

Previous studies have shown that secondary school students may have misconceptions about geological scientific information. By the end of secondary education these misconceptions may remain unresolved. As a result, students enter university studies and still hold them. Students of engineering, as for example civil engineering, are no exception. The aim of this study was to investigate and analyse misconceptions of this specific target group. A closed questionnaire was designed and given to 102 University students ...

For the geological risk assessment of intermediate underground condition by excavation work, since rocks and geologic structure of each country is different, it is necessary to objectify or classify quantitatively intermediate underground risk evaluation in accordance with Korean geologic characteristics. It could be summarized major factors of rock failure and ground subsidence by geological and geotechnical features as overburden, ground characteristics of soil and rock, geologic structures, hydrogeology, high s...

The vision of succeeding in shaping sustainable cities is representing a fascinating matter, but a challenging one. This provoking issue is including several tasks, among others connected to available possibilities for assuring needed energy supply with minimum environmental impacts. Humanity innovative thinking way has always been driving the field of shaping more efficient energy supply systems with less environmental impacts, being always a debate regarding available energy resources. Conventional energy supply...

The study of meteorological-climatic phenomena, especially of extreme phenomena that have become more and more frequent, has gained greater significance, given the increasing awareness of the importance of preventing material damage. Thus, monitoring and analysis of atmospheric risk phenomena helps local and national authorities whose duty is to protect the population and property of any kind, and early warning regarding the occurrence of such phenomena is useful to each individual. The western and north-western p...

Whether it is climate fluctuations or lasting one-way changes, it is clear that the climate today is not the same as it was a few decades ago. The question is no longer whether the change of climate exists, but in what way and to what extent it affects nature, man and his activity, how to mitigate it, and how to adapt to it. For this purpose, however, it is necessary to accurately determine the magnitude and direction of change of individual climatic elements and phenomena, given their diverse manifestations at th...

The climate changes represent an important problem in today-s society. Our study refers to the West Region of Romania, formed by the counties of Arad, Timis, Caras-Severin, Hunedoara, and it shows that there are significant differences regarding the climate changes between these counties. In our paper, we analyze the evolution of annual, respectively seasonal precipitations , and of the minimal, maximal and medium air temperatures in the considered region in the time frame 1991-2021. The statistical analysis of da...

Climate change is a global problem with serious social, economic and distributional effects on the environment. It is one of the main current challenges for humanity. Changing climate conditions in the long term, as well as short-term fluctuations and non-standard variation of temperature characteristics, have a significant impact on the behavior of pavement structure. Since the end of the 19th century, average temperatures have risen to 0.6 -C. The article describes the results of measurements and evaluations of ...

Declared knowledge about climate change and related meteorological anomalies have a direct or indirect influence on the current evolution of relief, soils, hydrological regime, vegetation, and from animals to ecosystems. Changes are occurring in the conditions of the high mountain landscape, which we understand as part of natural evolution, but it is evident that their genesis has both global and local causes. The valley systems of the northeastern part of the High Tatras exhibit several processes that indicate ch...

The development of modern dairy farming is aimed at creating larger farms with more intensive production in accordance with the market needs. New larger livestock facilities need new approaches to management and logistics. The Internet of Things (IoT), machine learning (ML) and cloud computing are forming the basis of digital animal husbandry as they are increasingly being introduced into dairy farming. The collection of IoT sensor data and their storage in the information cloud allows the use of machine learning ...

The results of a comparative analysis of hunting management in Ukraine and the Czech Republic are presented. Innovative methods of hunting management: the newest in the European hunting practice are shown. The success of Czech hunters shows that despite significant social and economic changes in the country, thanks to the observance of traditions, timely improvement of the regulatory framework, training of specialists, care for hunters and the hunting fund it is possible to ensure a significant increase in the num...

Renewable energy is the energy produced from renewable resources replenished naturally on a human scale from sources: sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, geothermal heat, etc. Renewable energy induces a negligible ecological footprint that is quite limited in the area of operation, while at the same time providing obvious ecological benefits and contributing to the sustainable development of human societies. Today in 2022, renewable energy sources are considered alternatives to fossil fuels because they contribute...

The main objectives of this study are: analysis of the associated spectrum of the geomagnetic field, time of occurrence of geomagnetic storms and comparisons between recordings made at various geomagnetic observatories in the INTERMAGNET network, in terms of frequency intensity identified and correlations during geomagnetic disturbances. A geomagnetic storm is a temporary disturbance of the Earth's magnetosphere caused by ejections of solar corona mass, coronal holes or solar flares. The data used in this paper ar...

The main aim of the work is a comparative characteristic of carcinogenic risk for the health of the adolescent and adult population from exposure to chemical contaminants on multi-environmental ingestion of chemical substances (drinking water, soil, atmospheric air, foods). A high level of total carcinogenic individual risk in the city territories under study is identified in adolescents and adults in the 2nd zone (0.00426 and 0.00298). The value of total carcinogenic risk (TCR) in the territories under study on c...

This article compares daylighting in administrative building located in different climatic zones - Sweden, Czech Republic and Greece. Theese locations were chosen to best demonstrate the different lighting conditions across Europe. One room was selected and modelled, for which the daylighting in each country was then simulated and calculated. The values of the daylight factor were observed for simultaneous identical changes in window geometry and wall reflectance in all cases. Depending on the changes in window ge...

The anthropogenic influence on petroleum reservoirs during oil extraction leads to the emergence of new electron acceptors and donors and exogenous microorganisms. Microbial biodegradation of hydrocarbons in petroleum reservoirs leads to a change of its composition, resulting in a decrease in its cost. The identification of microorganisms capable of in-situ degradation of hydrocarbons under reservoir conditions is critical to understand the role of microbes in hydrocarbon conversion. To analyze microbial biodegrad...

Biosurfactants produced by soil microorganisms are now widely used in various industries and are able to compete with synthetic detergents. However, in contrast with chemical surfactants, biological ones have disadvantage: it is difficult to obtain the product of high purity since the microbes usually produce a complex mixture of compounds, besides the cultural medium itself contains a lot of various components. Thus, the conventional scheme of lipopeptide isolation involves acid precipitation, extraction with the...

The aim of the work was to present the role of composting as one of the simple and cheapest methods to reduce GHG emissions from cow manure - conclusions from the MilKey and MELS projects. The article contains both the results of some studies analyzed within the above projects, as well as the methodology of conducting composting studies. The method of managing animal waste by composting or co-composting has been known for a long time and used in many places around the world. However, this is not always done in an ...

Globally, the environment is the result of the interdependence between natural elements - water, air, soil, living things, and elements from human activity. Environmental pollution can be generally defined as the negative result of the domestic or industrial activity of any living thing that generates pollutants in the atmosphere or waste that reaches the ground or water. Numerous causes of pollution have made environmental protection one of the most important and essential problems in the world, pollution, and la...

Computer simulation of foundry processes is an essential part of a modern foundry. The role of the gating system, its design and different elements are important in casting. Experimental verification of the designed gating system for new castings is costly, timeconsuming and economically inefficient. Therefore, these processes in the foundry are replaced by computer simulation. A detailed analysis of the simulation results makes it possible to predict various risks that may cause a failure in the quality of castin...

The final success of the mining business is primarily based on a correct and responsible evaluation of the mining and technical conditions of mining, resp. the mining and geological conditions of the mining site concerned, and all the legal aspects involved. By evaluating these conditions, together with the optimal choice of mining procedures, it decides on the safe and efficient use of the reserved mineral deposit in the given mining area. The mining area must be delimited and determined on the basis of the minin...

Environmental pollution from production waste and disposal of household, electronic and other equipment is becoming more and more noticeable. This requires a rethinking of business processes in enterprises. Waste management is becoming a major problem of our society. Therefore, a targeted policy at the local and national levels is crucial. This requires a change in legislation in this area, as well as the development of specific measures to tackle the problems. To this end, however, we need indicators to determine...

The research was carried out over 8 years and involves the performance of minimal works, by reducing the traffic with various agricultural machines and equipment, "Maschio" brand, namely: disc harrow, scarifier, roller and No Tillige seeder. I have carried out numerous researches and experiences in various agricultural holdings in Arad county, to the crop of wheat, corn and soybeans. The first tests were done on 129 ha, on soils with different textures, from fine to rough, but following the research, it was observ...

Waste management is currently a priority for everyone. Everyone today focuses on reducing, reusing and recycling our waste. Nevertheless, the best solution is to recover energy from the rest of the waste. The reason is that this part is a sustainable part of the waste management chain, which makes it possible to produce valuable and renewable energy. This sector is among the cleanest in Europe by reducing emissions of pollutants from operations, which convert waste into energy, which is subject to the strictest re...

In the last two years, given the frequent occurrence of crisis situations, we are becoming more aware of them and the need for proper management of emerging crisis situations and prediction of possible crises in the near future is becoming a necessity [1]. Crisis management is a complex process consisting of several phases that will be explained in this paper. Within each phase there is room for the use of cartographic support. It speeds up communication and provides an indispensable source of information for pred...

Kherson region has the largest share of irrigated land among all regions of Ukraine. At the same time, it is the largest arid region with a significant area of drainageless massifs. All this contributes to the occurrence of flooding of territories. The main task of the research is to identify modern factors of flooding of settlements in the Kherson region (Ukraine). The goals of the study were to analyze the hydrogeological conditions in the places of flooding, to identify modern changes in the rainfall regime and...

The latest amendments to Ordinance 1 on the creation and maintenance of specialized maps and registers of specialized public state property under the Act on the Black Sea coast spatial development create a procedure for changing and periodically updating these specialized maps and registers, as the existing regulation regulated only their creation and acceptance. The change and the periodic updating of these specialized maps and registers are assigned by the Bulgarian Agency for Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre t...

Information technology is a common part of human activities today. In most countries of the world, the security, health, and industrial sectors can be established here. The dependence of these sectors on information technology has been significantly strengthened by the global covid-19 pandemic and the current war in Ukraine. Data digitization has brought positives such as availability, fast transmission, and processing of necessary information. As well as negatives as constant attempts to steal, destroy or abuse t...

Laser scanning can be used to acquire measurement data for Building Information Modeling (BIM). Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) technology is ideal for this type of work. Having a point cloud of the measured object, dimension and model it in accordance with reality are possible. TLS gives the opportunity to obtain a big amount of observations, which on the one hand allows for an accurate depiction of the object, but on the other hand is troublesome during BIM developing. Therefore, the paper presents the methodol...

The theoretical model of perfect business competition is designed based on five assumptions: atomicity of demand and supply, homogeneity of the product, free entry/exit in/from a branch of activity or on/from the market, market transparency, (with the fundamental assumption of the individual's rationality) and perfect mobility of production factors [1], [2]. The factorial analysis carried out for an economic agent from an Eastern European country highlighted the fact that the production function is homogeneous. Fo...

Large European airports have now been forced to close several times due to the disruption of their protected area by drones. The biggest incident in terms of damage and restrictions clearly includes the attack of 19 and 21 December 2018 on one of the largest airports in Europe, London - Gatwick. All air traffic was interrupted, and flights were canceled and postponed. It was only a matter of time before drone technology was used by terrorist organizations and other criminals for their attacks. The article discusse...

In the presented article the reason of the village Anaklia territory, the site of the planned construction of a deep-sea commercial port- flooding is discussed. It should be noted that the village mainly is located on the sandy shore of the river mouth of river Enguri. In calm, but rainy weather, precipitation practically freely penetrates through the sandy soil without leaving any water holes and flooded land areas after the rain. However, on March 24-25, 2021, in rainy weather and stormy seas, the village was pa...

The creation of public spaces is currently quite conditioned by the impact of the idea of sustainable mobility and efforts to improve the environment in urban spaces. On the one hand, there are ideas and thoughts for improving public spaces, on the other hand, outdated legislation prevents these ideas from being sufficiently implemented. One of the most important elements for changing the division of transport work in urban conditions and thus improving the perception and appearance of public spaces is to increase...

The paper addresses the sustainability of technological transport, specifically the transport of materials by pipe conveyors. Environmental aspects must also be addressed as part of the solution to the sustainability of pipe conveyors. Pipe conveyors are suitable for the efficient transport of large volumes of bulk material with a minimum of environmental pollution. Closed rubber conveyor belts are a basic structural element of pipe conveyors. These types of conveyor belts have to resist a combination of factors s...

The land use in Latvia is regulated by a number of regulatory documents, that determine the requirements for property development planning and design. Real estates with a certain composition have been formed, which have defined purposes of real estate use and types of land use, which determine the development possibilities of the territory. Today, many fruit growing companies in Latvia have established a stable production base. Although many farms are getting good harvests, the owners still want to develop orchard...

Bulgarian forests are part of the national wealth and national identity. Their economic, social and ecological functions are important for the sustainable development of society and for improvement of living conditions especially in rural and mountainous regions. To a large extent these functions are irreplaceable not only in a national but also in a global aspect. In this connection in the present paper a structural-functional characterization of Bulgarian forest territories is done. Actual data on the area of fo...

It is well known that atmospheric aerosols have both a direct and an indirect impact on the Earth's systems and have natural or anthropogenic origins. In this paper we present the results of the 2022 spring-time lidar measurements conducted within the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) using a multi-wavelength Raman and depolarization LIDAR system operated in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The Cluj-Napoca lidar system (CLOP) emission is based on a Nd-YAG laser Continuum INLITE II-30, which has a repetition ...

Wildfires are a problem all over the world. Plant and animal life are under threat of destruction. But this issue is especially relevant for Ukraine, where fires appear en masse throughout the country not only from weather factors but also from enemy shelling by the Russian army. In addition, there is the uncontrolled spread of fire to large areas of Ukraine due to limited access to emergency services. Because of hostilities, landmines, and the occupation of Ukrainian territory, Ukrainian rescuers and foresters ar...

In the era of rapid urbanization which has a great implication in converting the natural landscape into artificial surfaces, Land Surface Temperature (LST) is an important parameter which plays an important role in the studies of urban thermal environment, meteorological, hydrological and climatological applications and Global climate change. Data and images acquired from satellites offer information that can facilitate public and private decision - making. This study investigates the Land Surface Temperature (LST...

The properties of the basic materials of conveyor belts and adhesion between these materials affect the proper functionality and service life of conveyor belts. Their reliability depends on the adhesive force between their structural components. The purpose of this paper was to investigate into the quality of adhesion of the rubber cover layers to the carcass, and of the adhesion between the adjacent textile plies in a rubbertextile conveyor belt. The experiments were aimed at measuring the adhesive force using th...

The new network of permanent GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) stations should be established by the end of this year. At the moment, 18 permanent stations are already established. All stations coordinates must be determined following the conditions dictated by the Republic Geodetic Authority of Serbia, i.e., the Rule Book for establishing the GNSS permanent stations network. The coordinates of stations, the final solution, must be calculated from three consecutive uninterrupted daily sessions as a combine...

In the present study deterministic earthquake scenarios for the city of Varna - the thirdlargest city in Bulgaria are presented. By deterministic scenario, it is mean a representation of the severity of ground shaking over an urban area, using one or more hazard descriptors. The assessment of seismic hazard and generation of earthquake scenarios is the first step of seismic risk evaluation and society prevention. Seismic history of Varna shows that the hazard for the city is mainly influence by the earthquakes occ...

The chocolate is one of the most popular foods all over the world, representing a highly nutritious source of energy. In this paper is proposed a way to improve the antioxidant function of chocolate by rosehip powder incorporation in the recipe. Additionally, a part of cocoa from its manufacturing recipe was replaced by carob powder. Rosehip powder brings along a high intake of vitamin C, B1, B2, K, carotenoids, pectin, carbohydrates, and also organic acids. Due to the high level of vitamin content, it is recommen...

Economic growth in Europe is causing environmental problems thus highlighting the need to minimize waste. Sustainable Development Goal 12 -Sustainable Production and Consumption- focuses on three aspects: waste management, energy saving and resource usage minimization. The aim of this study is to analyse the current needs for professional food waste management knowledge in European food production companies and develop waste minimization skills for food sector-s vocational education students. The study is based on...

Taking into account the fact that by fortifying chocolate, more nutritious and healthier chocolates are obtained, in this work we set out to obtain an assortment of milk chocolate with the addition of chicken eggshell powder and to evaluate its mineral intake. Practically, the purpose of this experiment is the superior valorization of eggshell waste from household activities as a mineral fortification for milk chocolate. Four types of milk chocolates were prepared with the addition of 0, 1, 2 and 4% chicken eggshe...

The article deals with the developing and applying of the mobile mapping system developed at the Department of Surveying of the Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava. The article presents a low-cost mobile mapping system for simultaneous localization and mapping of the indoor environment. Existing systems are costly and have robust construction and high-power requirements, making them unavailable for some applications. The proposed measuring system consists of three orthogonally placed 2D lidars, a robotic...

Today, point clouds are becoming an increasingly common digital representation of realworld objects. However, the raw point clouds obtained by terrestrial laser scanning (or other methods, e. g., photogrammetry or low-cost sensors) are often noisy with many outliers. Thus, it is necessary to remove the noise and outliers from the point clouds before further processing while preserving the elements of the measured objects in high detail. Moreover, in the case of model creation from point clouds using basic geometri...