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Many automated processes in the forestry sector require a tree species classification to locate individual trees or to distribute data to several species. There is already a huge number of classification approaches, which can be found in the literature. But still there is no global tree species classification available. The difficulty of a global classification is based on the variance in the appearance of the same species in several locations. This is mainly due to two problems: First internal disturbance - trees...

The Ob and the Lena Rivers are considered in the research. They are two biggest rivers of Russian Arctic and have the annual runoff 405 and 530 km3/year correspondingly. Analyse of multiyear data of Russian Hydrometeorological Survey (Roshydromet) and own measurements in the mouths areas allow to describe a tendency of water resource and water quality development in these regions according to climate change and human impact. Long-term river runoff and concentration of major and trace elements in water have been co...

The research aim is to identify the effect of a surface forest fire on the productivity and viability of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in a 23-year-old stand. The research was done two years after a surface fire that occurred in 2015 in a 20-year-old stand, establishing sample plots both in the area subject to the fire and the fire-undamaged area as well as in a pine stand of identical age that had not suffered from a forest fire. The research measured the dendrometric characteristics of trees (height, diameter...

The European Directive 31/2010 for the energy performance of buildings imposed two distinct deadlines for the new buildings stock, one being that all public buildings must be nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB) starting with 31 December 2018 and the other is that all new buildings must be nZEB starting from 31 December 2020. Thus, a thoroughly design must be considered in obtaining such low energy consumptions at buildings. In the design stage, a time consuming activity is that of modeling and simulating thermal w...

Climate change is affecting forests both directly ? via increased frequency and/or severity of meteorological conditions, impacting tree growth and/or survival (e.g. wind storms, drought spells etc.) ? and indirectly ? via improved conditions for diseases and pests. Also interaction between the biotic and abiotic factors plays an important role. It is important to consider these circumstances in forest management policies to ensure that forest owners remain interested (financially motivated) in forest management. ...

The paper proposes a new strategy against the global warming, which if applied on large scale is able to turn our cities into green oasis, decreasing their actual carbon foot-print and increasing their carbon offset. Our approach is to replace conventional roofs with integrated rooftop greenhouses IRTG, which are connected with the interior of the building by controlled flows of energy, oxygen, carbon dioxide and water. The main IRTG feature is the tight human-plant symbiosis ensured by a two flows ventilation sys...

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination of coffee beans continues to be a serious issue regarding livestock productivity and human health. AFB1 (secondary metabolites produced by a larger number of Aspergillus spp.) is classified as a Group I carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer due to the considerable risk to human and animal health. Therefore, monitoring of this toxin by using probiotics during storage became a challenge due to the demand for reduced use of chemical preservatives by consumers....

Honey, produced by honeybees (Apis mellifera) through nectar plants processing, has a distinct composition depending on the floral sources, regional and climatic conditions. Heavy metals in honey are of interest mainly for quality control and nutritional aspect along with the estimation of the potential environmental contamination. In order to estimate the impact of air pollution on the honey quality, the level of some selected heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, chromium, iron, zinc and manganese in honey was ass...

One of the most important problems of the modern world is the pollution of the natural environment. Human activities associated with the development of various industries have a huge impact on the surrounding environment. Unfortunately, often this impact is negative and in many cases its effects are irreversible. Human activities strongly affect the environment by polluting the atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere. Currently, the degradation of the natural environment that has been observed is due to the econom...

The main objective of the paper is to conduct a research on the applicability of the Augmented reality (AR) and Virtual reality (VR) in disaster preparedness training for society resilience. In recent years, worldwide and in Bulgaria there has been an increase in the number and intensity of natural disasters. There is an increase in the adverse effects of disasters on people's lives, social relations, economic growth and sustainable development. Prevention and reduction of risk is required. It is necessary for soc...

Cultural buildings constitute a measure of attractiveness and potential in terms of tourism, as well as concerning being places of residence in European cities. When discussing the material value of cultural buildings we can assume that modern buildings, similarly to the greatest historical monuments of cities, can charm and delight visitors, in addition to constituting a driving force behind the economy. The perfect research criterion concerning the role of cultural buildings in the city, however, are the intangi...

The undesired effects generated by the usage of synthetic antioxidants in foodstuffs increase the interest of food producers and customers in the finding of new food additives of natural origin. The chemical composition and antioxidant potentials of Anethum graveolens L. essential oil of were investigated in this study. The isolation of essential oil was conducted by steam distillation with a yield of 1.83% (v/m). The material used for extraction was dill seeds (natural dried product). Gas chromatography coupled w...

The energy sector, among others, is one of the strategic sectors for any country regardless the degree of development. Being one of the most dynamic sectors due to the exponential need for energy, in most cases is unfriendly for the environment due to the conventional methods of extraction that are more affordable than those unconventional. The Romanian energy sector is no exception. In these conditions, the main objective of this paper is to evaluate the renewable energy potential of the Romania territory, namely...

Climate changes and human activities on Earth's surface effect on natural Earth's resources as well as on inland waters. Any changes in the Earth's atmosphere, such as changes in temperature, humidity, precipitations and their intensity affect the inland waters area and level. In order to carry out the monitoring of the areas under the inland waters economically, the satellite imageries collected by remote sensing sensors are used. Satellite imagery used for this research were cloud-free Landsat-8 imagery at study...

The work summarizes the results of research into fundamentals of design and application of slow-release and ecologically safe forms of agrochemicals used for protecting plants from pathogens and weeds. The potential of degradable polyester poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] for designing long-term formulations of fungicides (tebuconazole) and herbicides (metribuzin) is described. Experimental forms of agricultural preparations were compared with the commercial fungicide Raxil Ultra containing tebuconazole and Sencor...

The goal of this paper is to define an answer to the question how to design public green areas around multi-family residential buildings and what is their role in the spatial structure of the city. Big cities struggle with the problem of an insufficient share of green areas. Actions are being undertaken in order to introduce green areas in spaces with a high floor area ratio. A good example in this respect is Cracow, where in recent years a project of organising a number of pocket parks has been implemented. Simul...

There is a fact that where surfaces are in contact with relative movement, there is also wear, with these aspects dealing the Tribology. There are other mechanical parts destroyed during functioning by the fatigue of the materials. Usually these two phenomena are studied separately. But there are mechanical systems where these two actions are joined into a single degradation event, leading to a shorter working time for the parts. The study of the tribo-wear as a simultaneous action with the material fatigue, leads...

The study of aquatic systems is an extremely important issue in the context of saving. natural resources. In this respect, the description of the evolution over time and the dynamics of some status parameters describing the dynamic aquarium system is a rather difficult problem. This paper presents a method of representing evolution over time and some status parameters that allow assessment of the status of an aquatic system. The method outlined in the paper is based on the use of automated automatic neural network...

This article presents the a comparison study between two enzymes: lipase and carboxylesterase, considering the influence on the rheological parameters of the dough obtained from wheat flour. For determining the activity of the enzymes, there were performed the following analysis: the determination of the fat content using Soxhlet method and the determination of rheological parameters of the dough using the alveographic method. The Soxhlet method is based on repeated extraction with ethyl ether or petroleum ether o...

A major factor which affects the structure, function, and dynamics of forest ecosystems can be beyond climate, the use of the land, respectively land-cover change and pollution loading. The forest ecosystems can be affected by pollution, by alteration of biotic and abiotic properties even if they are at a great distance from the urban area. Human socio-demographic changes are the primary drivers of urbanization, and pollution and in turn, these patterns are influenced by the climate change and geography. Also, hum...

One of the most serious environmental problems in Poland is the pollution of the atmosphere. Due to the fact that the energy production mainly uses conventional sources of energy ? including predominantly hard coal, lignite and natural gas ? harmful products from the combustion of the raw materials get to the atmosphere. The air pollution from the combustion of hard coal is caused by many factors. They include the use of outdated furnaces, the inadequate use of furnaces and heating equipment, burning of low-qualit...

Cuban architecture reflects the cultural diversity of the island. When sightseeing around Havana and observing the varied architecture and the heterogeneous urban structure of the city, we can get the impression that we become witnesses to the tumultuous history of the country. The oldest buildings in Old Havana are from colonial times. In this part of the city we can see the influence of Spanish conquest. It was in sixteenth-century Old Havana that a house model was developed, that featured formal and functional ...

Estimating the growth level per unit of hectare and the level of production of wooded areas for accurate obtaining and portfolio is significant in determining the supply of wood for an efficient management system. The present paper is based on the evaluation of six growth seasons locust tree (Robinia pseudoacacia). The monitored sectors are located in the eastern part of the Romania. The climatic gradient can also be neglected due to the nature of the studied areas. The timeframe in which the study was conducted r...

Previously it was believed that stress influence on microorganisms is only negative, reducing the efficiency of biosynthesis. However, it has been shown now that with the use of controlled stress, it is possible to increase the efficiency of microbial cultivation processes. Among other types of stress, oxidative stress is the most significant. When microorganisms are exposed to oxidative stress agents, breaks can occur in nucleic acid molecules as well as of protein molecules, in addition to this, the blockage of ...

Biodiesel is a relatively new type of environmentally friendly fuel, which is made from renewable resources. Biodiesel is a mixture of methyl or ethyl esters of fatty acids. It is obtained by re-esterification of vegetable oils or others fat-containing substrate, including animal origin. Iodine and acid numbers of vegetable oils, such as rapeseed, olive, linseed, nut and sunflower, are determined. In addition, conditions for obtaining biodiesel by en-zymatic catalysis using pancreatic lipase as an enzyme and rapes...

Particle boards are increasingly being used as a structural material. The quality of the wood from which they are made, has been steadily declining. This provides the means for tackling possible ways of particle board mechanical properties preservation and improvement. The methods and results of experimental investigation on the additive influence of shungite nanopowder whenmixed in the glue for one-ply particle board are presented in the article. Wooden particles of coniferous and hardwood species as well as glue...

Determination of the present-day stress field tensor is one of the fundamental problems of modern geodynamics. Nowadays, world stress map (WSM) project provide a global compilation of information on the crustal present-day stress field. From a practical point of view, knowledge of the stress field allows us to solve a number of production problems related to the investigation and extraction of hydrocarbons in safety way. In particular, orientation of the main stresses and stress regime are necessary to set the bou...

This paper deals with new trends in fire testing of electrical cables. At present, the most widely used tests of electrical cables are reaction to fire tests. The cable systems powering electrical devices which have to remain operational for a certain period of time under fire conditions are additionally subjected to circuit integrity maintenance testing. New trends in cable fire tests include tests of critical heat flux, testing the effect of cable inclination, current load, voltage and frequencies to the rate of...

The study of halobacterial communities is a promising direction in applied and theoretical biotechnology. Researches, carried out in this field, open up new approaches in understanding the role of interspecies interactions between halobacterial cells in conditions of increased salinity. Viruses, as one of the major regulation factor, greatly affect the composition of communities. Every year the halovirus database is replenished with new representatives, but still much remains unknown about the life cycle of viruse...

The presented experimental work investigates the development of fire in a compartment made of cross laminated timber (CLT) panels and its impact on fire safety of cables. Impact of protective shielding provided by plasterboards compared to exposed panels thermally loaded by fire inside of a compartment was also examined. During the experiments a fire-technical properties were continually monitored, such as heat release rate, consumption of O2, CO, CO2, time to flash-over, time to termination of flames and temperat...

The main aim of this paper is to investigate possibility of use evapotranspiration (ET) data derived from the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) based on Earth Observation (EO) and local meteorological station (Eddy Covariance -EC - flux tower) data to improve simulation of Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for catchment with significant area of wetland, case study of the Upper-Biebrza catchment (North-East Poland). The Upper-Biebrza SWAT model was set for 1951-2016 in which potential evapotrans...

The paper considers the features of the sedimentation of the lakes of the Southern Urals, Bolshoi Kisegach and Turgoyak. Previous studies shows that micrometeorites and cosmic dust can be found in different types of sediments and rocks and also magnetic properties can be used for choosing reliable samples for further investigations. Morphology and elemental composition of 5 magnetic separates studied using scanning electron microscopy in the Interdisciplinary Center for Analytical Microscopy of the KFU on the fiel...

The conceptual basis for the creation of a forecast-analytical system that allows to predict the pollution and to control the purification of oil-containing sediments of small rivers are considered in this article. Oil content of bottom sediments creates the risk of secondary water pollution not only by substances entering the sludge. More dangerous products of degradation are formed in the result of the activity of the indigenous microorganisms, that inhabit the bottom of aquatic environment. Forecasting the dyna...

This work offers a practicalmodelof anautomated environment parameters monitoring system; a multifunctional soft-hardware complex of technical solutions for collecting, transmitting, processing and analyzingdata.The proposed system can embed different type of sensorsfor chemical emissions monitoring in industrial plants.The whole systemis based on the LoRaWAN communication protocol and a self-flying drone system. The experiments showed that our system is trustworthy; the values collected can be used as reliable ev...

In practice, the utilization of biosorption in the wastewater treatment systems at large scale is relatively difficult, mainly because the biosorbents have a short duration of use, and their regeneration is not always easy to achieve. Under these conditions, it is necessary to find other valorization ways of biosorbent loaded with metal ions, and a possible solution is their use as supplements for the remediation of anthropically degraded soil. In this study was examined the possible use of marine algae biomass lo...

The current legislative standards require as much as possible energy efficient construction. Airtightness is a key component of energy-efficient buildings. Airtightness is characterized by air leakage through the building envelopes. Untightness leads to uncontrolled air exchange and increased heat loss. Using the exploratory analysis of variables is analyzed the state of the airtightness of energy-efficient buildings in the United Kingdoms in recent years. The source of data sample set on the airtightness of UK en...

The effective management of operating costs, processes and space utilization is one of the basic requirements of owners and possibly building operators. The effort is to optimize these costs in order to ensure the comfort and safety of the workers in the buildings while avoiding unnecessary waste of the basic operating media and the human workforce. This optimization deals with facility management, which can misinterpret different concepts in different countries of the world, as the facility management definition ...

City spatial development is strongly connected with the transport systems development. One of the spatial structure model type could determine implementation of the ecofriendly transport, whilst the other could affect against of the sustainable transport system. We consider three spatial development of the city models: linear city, radiant city and grid city. The article presents analysis of each city models, taking into account the implementation of the ecofriendly transport system modes and impact on the transpo...

In Latvia, according to Central Statistical Bureau data (2018), the agricultural industry employed 76.4 thou. employees in the main job as well as 49.4 thou. seasonal workers. For this reason, this industry plays an essential role in the national economy, and with the industry developing, labour-saving technologies are increasingly introduced to reduce manual work in agriculture. Besides, mineral fertilisers and plant protection products are intensively applied (organic farms are an exception) in order to increase...

The presented paper identifies a potential factor that can amplify the atmospherically pollution due to drive?s biomechanics through the actuating devices and car controls. Most of the car drives neglect the operating techniques suggested by the manufactures. Thus, the overwork of the internal combustion engine amplifies the pollutant emissions. The driver position and the level of pollutant emissions can also be influenced by the heeled shoes. The delayed action of the clutch pedal and the delayed gear change lea...

Worldwide, bananas are commonly consumed. Due to this fact large amounts of banana peels waste are generated. Banana peels contain adequate amounts if starch. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of vinegar obtained from banana peels in comparison with other types of commercial vinegar. Color, total dry extract, total titratable acidity, specific gravity, total soluble solids, antioxidant capacity and polyphenols content were determined on different types of vinegar. The analyzed samples were three ty...

Graphic signs and fragments of images on the walls of megalithic buildings and individual stone blocks are not so common. However, their presence greatly enhances the value of ancient monuments of material culture in order to understand the way of thinking of ancient people much better. Portugal is a land where the density of megalithic monuments identified is one of the largest in Europe, but in Portugal itself, in the environs of Evora and Elva the number of such monuments is one of the largest. One of the most ...

Lately, the focus is on equipping the constructions with sensors for monitoring deformations and displacements, the most common measurement systems are arrays of accelerometers. Recent literature focuses on wireless and mobile technologies for transmitting data from such sensors, combining several systems and measurement methods. This paper analize the possibility of using the interferometric radar tehnology to determine the vibrations and deformations of works of art especially bridges. Terrestrial radar interfer...

The aim of this paper is to analyse the structural, physical and biochemical features of Prunus spinosa fruits harvested from different locations in the N-E region of Romania. Fruits samples have been analysed through specific techniques and methods of the light microscopy. For the comparative description of the epi- and mesocarp from harvested fruits, measurements for specific parameters were made using the Minitab 18 software. Physical and biochemical parameters analysed were: the height of the fruit; the diamet...

We studied the reasons of the formation of local scours in the Cheboksary hydrosystem tailrace on the Volga river. To determine the parameters of the scour basin, we calculated the spatial conjugation of the races in MathCad application software environment. The morphological analysis of soft shells allowed us to establish characteristics of mobile baffles required for protection of the hydrosystem tailraces from scouring. For the formation of an induced vortex flow directed opposite to the channel flow, we propos...

Last century was an apogee of drilling operations in all around the world. Petroleum industry has managed to achieved large progress in technology which contribute to minimize costs and time of drilling and completion operations but above all this, to increase production of oil and gas from the reservoirs. Rapid development also bring with itself potential problems with integration of the well during production processes and workovers. Changes in temperature conditions connected with treatments of the well result ...

Orchis galilaea is the only Lebanese orchid that is restricted geographically to Lebanon, Palestine and Jordan. It is a terrestrial orchid that attracts its pollinator by sexual deception while offering no reward. The full distribution of this orchid in Lebanon has not been determined. This study is part of ongoing research into the population dynamics of the orchid to form a management plan for its conservation. A Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to identify the habitat characteristics of O. galilaea ...

Salvia species are parts of the daily routine of many communities in different regions of the world (Southern and Central Europe, North America, Middle East, etc.). Many research studies show a strong correlation between the concentration of some biologically active substances such as terpenoids, alkaloids, polyphenols and their antimicrobial action. The presence of these chemical compounds resulting from the secondary metabolism of the plant has determined that sage is of great interest to the food industry and i...

The parametric study carried out focuses on the impact of the type of glazing and its layout on the interior temperatures of a habitat. Different thicknesses, orientations and even different colors have been taken into account. The procedure for calculating the main parameters for the simulation and which correspond to each type of glazing is done via WINDOW7.3. Several simulations have been carried out for each case by EnergyPlus (dynamic simulation program of the building). Through the results of the simulation,...

The industrial revolution, dynamic economic growth and population growth in the world mainly affect to an increase in energy and material use. Ambitious premises of the climate and energy package in the European Union are justified from the point of view of protecting the environment against the growing emission of greenhouse gases. The EU countries, as the ones with high levels of economic development, have decided to realize a decarbonization policy to become leaders in this aspect on the world scale. Autor pres...