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Rural area of Croatia covers 90\% of land in Croatia, and there 47\% of total population living in it. These are mostly poorly developed areas in Croatia, and they are being expanded all the time, which causes the emigration of population. In order to trigger the development of rural areas, some measures are planned, among other things the land consolidation that might increase the economic efficiency of family farms, and hence, prevent the emigration of population from villages. Namely, small family farms being l...

The paper present some result obtained by the authors in the research activity developed in the creation of a methodology to solve the environmental problems. The results presented in this paper are part of the soil moisture preservation and soil compaction prevention method, which is including in the methodology. The method is based on the soil moisture and compaction prediction in a certain geographic zone. The prediction is based on the maps of soil moisture and compaction, which is obtained starting of the GPS...

The aim of the monitoring is to evaluate the level of the existing or potentially possible pollution of groundwaters. Groundwater sampling is the necessary method for the purpose of environmental quality monitoring system creation in certain areas. Therefore standard method for this evaluation is a periodic groundwater sampling in the frame of a monitoring system. The creation of the reasonable monitoring system contains regular sampling at places significant for making conclusions about the existing or potentiall...

We introduce an example of a detailed study of soil texture and geochemistry with the aim of designing appropriate soil washing systems. Concretely, we have studied soils affected by the mining works of “Los Rueldos” (Asturias, Spain). After an initial characterization, composite, representative samples were taken and ICP-MS analysis was carried out. Results showed very high concentrations of As, and significant presence of heavy metals such Hg, Pb and Zn specially in silt-clay fractions obtained after wet sieving...

Many countries has used the wind energy for agricultural pumping water for many years. Mechanical energy or electrical energy which is converted from the wind energy drives the pump. Water is not directly convey the target areas due to discontinuous wind regime. Therefore water is conveyed the storage tank. In addition, using the drip irrigation system at this system is provided saving at the agricultural economy. The increasing use of wind energy instead of the fossil energy provides to decrease pollutant emissio...

Many hydrological models have been developed by researchers to simulate watersheds’ hydrologic behavior. In the aspect of robustness and suitability of models to a certain watershed depends on the watershed’s conditions which are flatness, storage capacity of surface, climate, precipitation distribution and water table level. The success of model predictions related with the selection of the model which will be used for certain watershed. This comparative study investigates various hydrological models’ strengths a...

In this study, removal zinc from aqueous solution was studied using smectite-bearing soil. The effects of initial Zn(II) concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time were investigated. When the initial concentration of Zn(II) was incresed from 0.7 to 3.77 mM, the Zn(II) removal efficiency decreased from 100\% to 90.7\%. To determine the effect of pH on the adsorption efficiency of Zn(II), pH was varied between 3.0 and 7.0. The sorption efficiency of Zn(II) onto soil seems to be independent of pH with in s...

The economic profitability analysis of recycling process should take into account either the minimization of costs connected with the realization of investment or maximization of the production having the costs of the production established. Nevertheless, we need to take into consideration that these costs depend on many factors. In this paper, the economic profitability of municipal waste recycling by the maximization of the production having the costs of the production established or the minimization of the cost...

The aim of this study is to provide data on biological state of soil in depth, using the comparative study of general microbiota frequency and activity. For the quantitative analysis of soil microbiota, we have used soil samples for dilutions (10-1 - 10-6). The results were expressed in colony-forming units/g soil (CFU). The soil was sampling from Calimani National Park (The Oriental Carpathians) in October 2006, June and September 2007. The soil microbiota registers quantitative variations from one sample point t...

Biogas is a part of the natural circle. Biogas is formed by the activity of anaerobic bacteria. In nature biogas is produced for example in bogs. It is also possible to produce from biological material in an environment free from air. The gas that is produced is methane (CH4), which is an excellent fuel for heat, electricity, and cars that doesn’t drain the earth’s fossil resources. The raw-material in biogas production has traditionally been waste from the food industries, and communal sewage treatment works. Bio...

The Estonian kukersite is the largest oil shale resource in the world used industrially today. The majority of mined oil shale is utilized for electricity and heat production. About 20\% of all of the oil shale extracted annually is used for retorting shale-oil and shale-gas, after which large amount of environmentally hazardous solid retort residue – semi-coke is left over. Production of 1 tonne of shale-oil is accompanied by almost 3 tonnes of semi-coke waste. During more than 80 years of operation over 110 mill...

The European foundry industry is the third largest in the world for ferrous castings and the second largest for non-ferrous ones. the annual production of castings in the enlarged European Union amounts 11.7 million tonnes of ferrous and 2.8 million tonnes of non-ferrous castings. The foundry industry is a major player in the recycling of metals. steel, cast iron and aluminium scrap is remelted into new products. The most possible negative environmental effects of foundries are related to the presence of a thermal...

Environmental large-scale contamination in surrounding of abandoned Sb-deposits in Slovakia by toxic elements (Sb, As, Zn, Pb, Cu...) as result of long-time mining activity is still undiscovered field. Surroundings of abandoned antimony deposit Popro\vc bear high concentrations of toxic contaminants mainly of sulfide relative minerals. Pollution resulting from long-time mining activity was observed in area adjacent to adit Agnes showing Sb concentrations within values 4 700 – 10 000 mg.kg-1 and maximum As concentr...

Over the last couple of decades, climate change has emerged to be one of the most complex challenges of the 21st century. As a result of the international cooperation achieved over the years, a global climate change regime has been established governed by climate politics. Over the last 50 years, the impacts of climate change have reached measurable dimensions. The fact that the average temperature of the earth’s surface that is closer to the atmosphere has risen by 0.6 degrees C over the 20th century as well as 1...

This paper will first discuss the environmental pollution that threatens the world’s presence and its consequences. Then, it will concentrate on one of the most important concequences of environmental pollution, the global warming, its antecedents and activities that result in CO2 emition. The negative effect of CO2 and greenhouse gases on the atmosphere, on the seas, climate changes, melting of the icebergs and the resulting scarcity, starvation, desertification will be explained. As one of the reasons of global ...

Some studies of the MM5/CMAQ modeling system sensitivity to changes of the emissions of ozone precursors are presented in the paper. Tree domains were set over Europe with resolution 90-30-10 km. The most inner domain embraces entirely Romania, Bulgaria and Greece. MM5 was run over these domains for June 2000 with NCEP 1x1 degree Global Analysis data. MM5 was run on the external grids in a “two-way nesting” and over the finer grid in a “one-way nesting” mode. EMEP inventory grid data and its 16.67 km desegregation...

The objectives of the present work are to develop technologies for the electrodeposition of mixed oxide nanocomposites with electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidative degradation of organic compounds. Oxidation of organics in the potential region of O2 evolution is supposed to proceed through the oxidation of water to hydroxyl radicals, which then may either be further oxidized to give molecular oxygen or interact with organic molecules in an oxygen-transfer reaction. Therefore, the ideal electrode material m...

Sb-mineralization had been exploited in many localities in Slovakia. Contamination of environment by Sb, As and other heavy metals is specific problem of Slovak mining regions. Natural background for groundwater in Slovakia was appointed to 1 $\mu$g/l for Sb and 5 $\mu$g/l. Two localities Poproc (in eastern part of Slovakia) and Dubrava (in The Low Tatras) are abandoned Mining areas where the stibnite ores had been exploited for many years. These areas represent high potential environmental risk because of transpo...

Recent data demonstrate a significant capacity of mushrooms to retain the pollutants from soil, so being realised the mycoremediation of soil. Nitrogen oxides are major atmospheric pollutants. The main oxides, nitrogen monoxide and dioxide, penetrated in human body cause important toxic effects: methaemoglobinemia, haemolysis, vasodilatation and even cancerogenesis. The accumulation of these oxides in mushrooms, as nitrites and nitrates, is dependent on: species, environmental conditions and chemical composition o...

Antimony mineralization has been intensively exploited at numerous deposits in Slovakia from 17th century until a while since. Weathering and dissolution processes in the environment of mine tailings and closed mines, mobilize elevated levels of toxic elements such as arsenic and antimony, which represent dangerous contaminants for the surrounding ecosystem. The problem of contaminated groundwater should be solved and one of the possible remediation method is the Permeable reactive barrier system (PRB). The choice...

Renewable energy source is a source which energetic potential permanently renews with nature´s processes or with the activity of man. Renewable-based energy sources have as yet played a negligible role in Slovakia´s energy balance. However there is the global trend toward more intensive use of these clean energies, therefore their higher utilisation is enshrined among the strategic goals of energy policies of most of the countries worldwide, including Slovakia. Necessity of energy and exploitation of the energetic...

The Fenton process, one of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), has been widely implemented to remove COD and color for dye wastewater as a pre-treatment or posttreatment process. In recent years, Fenton-like processes have received considerable attention in wastewater removal. The main purpose of the present study was to determine the optimal operational conditions of the Fenton- like process by using raw limonite ore at various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and raw limonite ore for treatment of dye wastewa...

Heavy metal contamination of soils possess a serious health threat and has become one of the major constraining factors in remediating a wide range of contaminated sites. Soil contains various components such as clay, kaolin, feldspar, quartz, etc. Soil composition (type of soil), soil pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), particle size, time and type of contamination, geological layout, etc. all play a major role in establishing the effectivenes of biosurfactant. In this study, the effects of saponin concentration,...

This study given a simple physic and hydraulics explication behind earthquake, called Tsunami. This explication based to energy conservation equation and wave properties have bind used to understand this phenomenon. As we calculated, the Energy E, Velocity v and wave length $\lambda$ of tsunami are decreased but the amplitude of tsunami wave A is increased when it reaches the land, respectively. The changing of wave height when it close to the shore makes tsunami difficult to be detected at early stage. From our f...

Surface and ground waters are used for potable water supply. Some of they contain iron and manganese. The presence of these impurities in natural waters is undesirable due to their tendency to oxidize and precipitate under a variety of conditions, causing both aesthetic and treatment water problems. The possibility to use zeolite for iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) removal in low concentrations from water is examined in this paper. Ion-exchange process to the maximum allowable limits of 0.3 mg/L for iron and 0.05 mg/...

The world population has been increasing rather fast along with an inevitable rise in the process of industrialization. Today, the world population has reached 7.2 billion and it has been struggling for better standards of life. However, the ecological equilibrium has been tilted off as a result of depletion of natural resources and of the damage to the nature in order to obtain such packaging materials used for the needs of 7.2 billion people, mainly in terms of food and catering sectors as well as textile, furni...

Almost any places in the world, people are using groundwater for drinking and usage needs because of reduced surface and spring waters sources in last decate. Settlement areas, agricultural areas, solid waste areas, industrial areas, waste water discharge areas have always potential to pollute the aquifer media. Boreholes areas for abstracting the ground water has to be picked up not to be carrying risk getting pollution on surface. So it’s necessary for the engineers that hydrogeologic properties has to be choose...

The results of investigations in physical – chemical, bacteriological and thermodynamic characteristics of drinking water of wells, taken from some village in some primary school of Vushtrri Municipality are presented. Taking into consideration all important parameters we found they were within given limits , just temperature that is higher than given limits, so analysis of water samples for thermo tolerant faecal coli forms which are carried out by passing a measured quantity of water through sterile filter told ...

A finite difference method for solving the initial boundary value problem for one dimensional nonlinear system equations for investigating the quality of water on the model of shallow water flow over on isolated ringe in a class of discontinuous functions is suggested. In order to develop the numerical algorithm the special auxiliary problem having some advantages over the main problem is introduced. The solution obtained from the auxiliary problem represents all physical nature of the investigated problem with a ...

The sintering and phase formation of glass press-powders, obtained after melting and re-melting of MSW bottom ash, were investigated by non-isothermal dilatometry and differential thermal analysis. Additionally, a series of composite materials, containing 20 vol \% corundum powders with different fraction size, were prepared and studied. The crystalline phases, formed at different temperatures, were evaluated by X-ray diffraction and the structure of glasses and final materials were observed by scanning electron m...

Actual circumstances of the old storages are treated, created from the enrichment processes in the Trepca Flotation plant, Kishnica’s and Albanik (ex Leposavic) mines. According to the existing documentation there are dragged out more than 60m ton of rich minerals with Pb, Zn, Ag, Au, pyrite and other minerals from Trepca mines. This process was developed in the flotation plants of Stanterg, Kishnica and Albanik mines, achieved in a dispersive complex, as well as during the physical-chemical process. The separatio...

Bathymetric mapping is the first step in any underwater and sea bed investigation, especially for petroleum exploration. In most we face with a complex of sand and gravel covering the bottom of the sea. Differentiate these two type of seafloor covering material is the case of many research in offshore exploration. In this article We investigated a practical case history to define and show the differences of sand and gravel in their images. The images were obtained by the Yellow-Fin side scan sonar instrument and p...

Wetlands are important habitats consisting in true biodiversity pools. Human pressure had a continuous negative impact during time, i.e. significant changes, or more, irreversible, where the area of oligothrophic bogs has been reduced. Our observations have been carried in Tinovul Mare–Poiana Stampei Natural Reserve, situated in Dorna Depression (The Oriental Carpathians) at 910 m altitude, with 677 ha. This is the largest peat bog in Romania. The main goal is focused on all biotic and abiotic factors which are in...

In this work are presented the results of determination of physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters of water in five levels (7,40; 11,40; 18,40; 28,40 and 30,40 m) of the artificial “Radoniqi” lake, in order to select the most convenient level that offers necessary treatments to be prepared for drinking water. The obtained results show that the water of the “Radoniqi” lake is of a very high quality, soft and the water of the third level is the most suitable to be prepared for drinking after necessary trea...

This paper presents the outcome of the study on the compaction and consolidation behaviour of class F fly ash of Talcher Thermal Power Station (TTPS)of India for stowing in the underground mines. Light weight compaction test is conducted by using Proctor mold as per IS: 2720 to determine the optimum moisture content and dry density of fly ash and pond ash samples. From the compaction test it is found that the optimum moisture content of fly ash is 34.25\% at a maximum dry density of 1.15 g/cm3. Similarly, the opti...

Aim of the work is long-time monitoring of building reclamation mixtures on fly ash basis in pilot plant terms. The objective is to obtain a conclusive result set to prove that the interests of environment and people’s health protection are not endangered in the relation with natural geological surroundings by variant bulk mass mining technological utilisation in the area of open pit mines or a power industry. A rigorous assessment of the referential qualitative parameters of monitoring points environment is repre...

The Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) has proved to be a valuable tool for evaluating the potential for coastal change in a given area. The CVI ranks the following variables in terms of their physical contribution to sea level-related coastal change: geomorphology, regional coastal slope, rate of relative sea-level change, the rate of historical shoreline change, mean tidal range and mean significant wave height. They are termed coastal risk variables and the rankings for each variable are combined and an index va...

The separated waste collection is one of the most important parts of the integrated waste management system of municipal wastes. Within the waste management logistics, the attention is concentrated on collection and transport of separated waste deriving from municipal wastes and also on proposing methods of data necessary for collection and transport optimalization. At the proposal of the general usage systematic techniques for valuating transport efficiency of separated wastes, only actual and verified data were ...

Our paper presents the results of a study concerning the possibility to use mushrooms for soil remediation after mining exploitation. The samples have been harvested from Calimani Mountains (Northern Carpathians) an important site for sulphur extraction in Romania. Despite, the sulphur mines have been closed from several years, soil and vegetation are still affected and is necessary to improve theirs qualities especially by biological methods. By oxidation processes, sulphur is transformed in air to oxides especia...

Significant surface flow redistribution is the result of solid mineral deposit exploitation. North taiga region is characterized of high bogging level. Raised bogs of north taiga region are subjected to surface flow redistribution. Woodless raised bogs of the Russian north were historically used as routes of track-type cross-country vehicles. Nowadays vegetation and soil cover of raised bogs are characterized with significant level of disturbance. At present time, raised bogs are used as receivers of the surface a...

There are 25 main river basins in Turkey. Konya Closed Basin (KCB) is 4th biggest basin according to its precipitation area which is about 53 850 km2. The area consists of two closed sub-basins those are referred to as Salt Lake Basin and Konya Basin. Disruption of the natural hydrological regimes and over-consumption of freshwater resources pose the principal threats to the wetlands, salt lakes and freshwater bodies. Irrigation schemes have diverted water from the streams that feed scattered freshwater resources ...

This report are containing results of the analyses about quality estimation of water at the 35 hydrological and hydro-geological nature monuments of the republic of Tatarstan, which was been investigated analytical methods. This is objects of hydrosphere, are having more ecology-pure water in comparison with other analogs in that region which is known as region having intensively developed structure of an oil-extracting complex. In this region are difficulty to execute the long-term forecast of dynamics of change ...

Smelting of hammerable iron and its treatment in Antiquity and Medieval produced also by-product: slag. Because of small yields of iron the process produced only small amounts of slag that did not attract attention of smelter concerning its possible use. The use of slag pieces was only accidental. The paper deals with the most important processes used for treatment of blast furnace and steelmaking slags and with the most important ways of their utilization. The method of recycling of steelmaking slags, that follow...

The investigated area has about 200 sq km and it is situated in the north of Eastern Carpathians. Our researches have been carried on samples at an altitude range between 700- 1800 meters a.s.l. There have been identified 4 forest communities: Calamagrostio villosae – Pinetum mugi Sanda et Popescu 2002, Hieracio transsilvanici – Piceetum Pawlowski et Br.-Bl. 1939, Hieracio transsilvanici – Abietetum (Borhidi 1971) Coldea 1991, Leucanthemo waldsteinii – Fagetum (Soo 1964) Tauber 1987. The goal of this study is refe...

A significant element characterizing a lasting development in Braila Plain region, but also in any other similar area, would be an environment factor i.e. the water, with an increasing importance when considered against the high dryness background. Generally speaking, both the consumed water and the consumption structure reflect the quality and quantity of water resources and, implicitly, the economic potential of the region at issue. As for Braila Plain, here there is a paradox to be considered : even if the regi...

The climate, morphometric and lythological conditions confer certain peculiarities upon the waters resources of the northern-eastern Romanian Plain. One can say about the Braila Plain hydrographic network that it is poor and this is due to the discharge, situated under the value of 1 l/sqkm, but also to the very low relief energy. The allochthone rivers : the Danube, Siret, Buzau and Calmatui are affected by the refief climate conditions and also by the size and the geographic position of the hydrographic basins.

Performing a numerical analysis of water well drilling sector of Turkey was aimed in this study. Within this purpose, number of the machinery in equipment pool of the institutions and companies which are involved in the water well drilling, yearly drilling quantities, drilling equipment preferences and geological data of 2640 water well drilling boreholes opened in 73 provinces between the years of 1998 – 2006 and the results below have been reached: The Municipalities in Turkey meet 95 \% of their drinking water ...

This study aims to ensure the offshore pipeline under offshore vortex shedding analysis. Optimizations process depending on the iterative procedures requires an analysis considering each of extreme condition on the internal and external pipe flow. The stabilization of the offshore pipeline on sea bottom exposed to wind-generated wave and uniform-steady current action is achieved by utilized artificial concrete weights and sliding resistance between pipe and soil. Additionally, the vortex shedding induced dynamical...

Low concentration of chlorinates maybe found in wastewater, contaminated soils and air due to different industrial sources. Low level of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)’s could be removed by adsorption, incineration and biofiltration methods. These methods have some disadvantages such as removal efficiency or high operation cost. Chlorine has been removed from the chlorinated aliphatic compounds under anaerobic conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate biological treatment of DCM and CT in high flow sp...

Today Environmental management is an essential element of successful firm management. In this paper is an environmental management concept in “Mini Mariza Iztok”EAD presented. The benefits of the environmental management system include an increased focus on the most imminent ecological risks, improving team participation and prevention.