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The Normalized Full Gradient (NFG) method was introduced in the mid of 1960s. This method generally uses for interpretation potential field data in order to detect gravity and magnetic anomalies. The NFG value represents the full gradient of the magnetic anomaly at a point divided by the average of the full gradient at the datum. The closed maxima on a NFG map indicate the occurrence and the horizontal locations of the centers of magnetic anomalies related to iron deposits. By means of this map, we can select bore...

Between the living things there has been always an ongoing interaction. Humankind is polluting consciously or unconsciously while interacting within the environment which is surrounding him. Because of the rapidly changing (physical, chemical and biological) ecological events recently in our world, the boost of technological contamination, roughness in technological use, personal or societal insensitivity once have proved how significant the environmental education is. In order to adapt universal environment polic...

Water is the key Element in social and economic development of the country, which is becoming a scares resource due to over-increasing demands of the growing population, Agriculture, Hydropower and Industrial Users. Site selection of industries in the river side, usually affect on the monitoring program. Thus the monitoring of the rivers for the effective management and planning in the water section has become most predominant aspect and need to pay attention to the best program for industries location. Haraz is a...

This case study presented herein describes and analyses the results of the detailed surveys of landslides caused by toe erosion in Avutmus district of Sebinkarahisar (Giresun-Turkey), based on field and laboratory measurements, monitoring and remote sensing data of the study area. Sebinkarahisar has been recognized as a landslide-prone area. Landslides in this area caused several hazards in the houses and farming areas. In view of landslide re-occurrence potential in this area and its close environ, understanding ...

The problem of recycling worn car tires is ecologically and economically important. Worn-off tires are a source of long-term environmental pollution. Tires subject to no biological decomposition, they are inflammable and being ignited 1 ton of tires releases in the atmosphere 270 kg of carbon black and 45 kg of toxic gases. At the same time, they contain valuable raw materials such as rubber resin and metal. The most optimum of all known tire-recycling methods is low-temperature pyrolysis that provides complete re...

The importance of a high literacy consciousness in the development of societies is a known fact. Scientific literacy is the fundamental criterion to catch the era in social, scientific and technological fields. Science, Technology and Society (STS) literacy level and the sensitivity of the natural environment protection is crucial in the economic and technologic development of countries. For this reason, the developed countries applied STS literacy to all layers of the societies. The developing countries have to p...

This paper presents a study for leaching kinetics of chalcopyrite concentrate in acidic potassium dichromate solution. For this purpose effects of stirring speed in the range of 100-400 rpm, sulphuric acid (H2SO4) concentration in the range of 0.1-0.5 M, potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) concentration in the range of 0.02-0.1 M, leaching temperature in the range of 20-90°C, particle size fractions of 212x106, 106x75, 74x45, 45x38 and minus 38 $\mu$m and solid/liquid ratio in the range of 10-200 g/L on copper dissolut...

Maps are one of the most successful and most widely utilised forms of graphical communication. A map is a useful information presenting tool for almost all engineering branches. The presentation of this information is not only for engineering services but also for representation of numerous common subjects to various users. As maps are produced depent on the basis of topographic standarts, they can be produced as thematic maps, based on topographic maps, with different representation techniques. In presentation of...

Drilling rate is one of the main determinants of drilling cost. The performance of any drill bit is affected by the complex interaction of numerous factors. The principal factors that require consideration in predicting drilling rate, particularly for mining application, are the characteristics of the rock and the operating parameters of drilling machine. In this paper, the most important operating parameters of drilling machine were reviewed using many basic studies on drilling rate and dillability since 1956. Th...

Determination of mechanical parameters of rock materials and using them as an input data-base are important in rock engineering design studies. The standard test procedures to determine mechanical parameters of rocks have been developed and they have been applied for up to 40 years. But these tests require special samples and after preparation, the samples are tested by giving damage to them. The electrical conductivity method has been used to determine porosity, fault or discontinuity in rock mass without giving ...

The Sungun porphyry copper deposit is located 75km northwest of Ahar in northwestern Iran. The Conditional Simulations, based on 31068 XRF rock analysis from the Sungun porphyry copper deposit have been applied to Geostatistical simulation. Statistical investigations reviled that, the Cu input data had single-population characteristics and obeyed a lognormal model. To carry out this geostatistical investigation, a spherical model was fitted over an empirical variogram. Plotting the empirical variogram in different...

The authors outline the features and impacts that Bulgarian-German education, initially introduced in 1991 in the Faculty of German Engineering Education and Industrial Management (FDIBA) at the Technical University Sofia, has on Bulgaria’s European integration. The training comprises 4 specialties conducted in German and follows curricula and regulations provided by German partneruniversities. Every year the Faculty enrolls ca. 160 Bulgarian and 20 foreign newcomers. Upon graduation students receive diplomas from...

Tourism Information System (TIS) is one of the application field of Geographic Information System that has been formed for tourism. The aim of this system is to manage the regions relevant to tourism, make decisions about future works, and provide accordance with Urban Information System (UIS) about this region at the following stages. The CPM (Critical Path Management) chart is similar to the PERT chart but includes an explicit indication of the “critical path” that sequence of tasks that defines the minimum amou...

Imam Khomeini petrochemical co. is one of the biggest oil producer centers across Iran. Aromatic unit is one of the eleven units of corporation. Hygienic and industrial wastewaters are flow in swage system of the unit. Industrial wastewater consist a considerable volume of swage and produced in 9 different section of aromatic unit. Wastewater of this unit evacuate to the seawater without forwarding through the suitable water treatment system. With purpose of qualitative and quantitative study of aromatic unit’s wa...

Multivariate statistics analysis is one of the base stages in geochemical data processing. In this branch of mathematics, “Hierarchical Clustering Analysis” applied to identify the relations between the variables such as elements and samples. Hence, different types of mineralization would define. However, any missing or errors in entrance the data make a wrong or not clear result. Sometimes misinformation or data errors appear because of analytical errors, missing some information, or problems in sam pling or samp...

Sungun Porphyry Copper deposit is located 75 kilometers northwest of Ahar and 130 kilometers northwest of Tabriz. In order to model the deposit and estimate its reserve, 31068 input data gained from 152 boreholes were used. Cu grade was selected as the major regional variable on which the present research has focused. All of the available data were changed to 12.5-meter composites so that statistical equalization could be reached. Studies indicated that Cu input data had single - population characteristics. To car...

A standard imaging method in seismic data processing is the simulation of a zero offset section from seismic reflection data. In traditional imaging methods, e. g. NMO/DMO/stack, an accurate macro velocity model is needed. Common reflection surface (CRS) stack is a new data driven method, introduced in recent years which remove the necessity of making this model and just use the surface velocity to simulate zero offset section (2D) or volume (3D). In this article, we drive the CRS stacking on a synthetic data to o...

Evaluation of stability of slopes is an important part of open pit mines planning and design due to economic and safety considerations. Slope failure can cause disruption to mine operations, loss of lives and damage to equipments. The different kinds and origins of discontinuities play a dominant role in the failure of rocks and hence in mine slopes stabilities. In this paper, the effect of mechanical properties of discontinuities on these phenomena is investigated. Angouran lead-zinc open pit mine is situated app...

Vitosha Mountain has specific geological and geomorphological evolution and its physical-geographical conditions are a good prerequisite for quite rich diversity of the soils. Vitosha`s high parts are a suitable place for studying the initial interaction between parent material (basic and intermediate magmatic rocks) and the high-mountain soils (Litosols and Rankers by FAO, 1990), under thе influence of specific local condition. This study was undertaken as a part of preliminary investigation of the geochemical an...

The paper presents the basic terms in the field of distance and e-learning. After presenting and defining basics of the mentioned field, we shortly describe our practical experience with providing bachelor course using distance learning supported by e-learning technologies. Keywords: education, e-learning, distance learning, ICT, LMS.

This paper describes removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions using NaOH modified pine barks (Pinus nigra). Chemical modification and its enhancement effect on adsorption capacity for heavy metal treatment process have been investigated in this article. Changes of the surface properties after modification were examined by the FT-IR analysis. Maximum adsorption capacity was 49 mg/g at pH 8 and during about 180 min contact time (for 35 mg/L initial concentration with 2.5 g/L solid-to-liquid ratio) These modific...

Based on experimental data analysis and obtained by the author novel solutions on distribution of stress fields and deformations in rock mass enclosing mine workings it is shown that in the course of deformation rock mass undergoes successively discrete series of states that correspond to a definite ratio of physical-mechanical properties of rock mass and rock pressure level. It is determine that when an outline of mine working is deformed by 12-18\%, the latter bifurcates (looses its stability) that corresponds t...

The fast pace of global warming is the reason why housing is not sufficiently adapted to climate change. It is mainly expressed as hurricanes, flash floods, high solar radiation. The inclination of Earth’s axis combined with the Earth’s core overheating brings about strong earthquakes and tzunami waves. In order to adapt residential buildings to the dynamics of disasters, their design criteria should be updated. The criteria are related to the spatial planning, construction, heating, drainage and ground strengthen...

This research presents aerosol measurements using the field study data from April2004 to December 2006 to evaluate the particulate air pollution in selected area in Mitrovica. This part of northern Kosova constitutes one of most important mining field in Europe. Consequently the industrial activities were mostly connected to the exploitation of the base metal ores of the Trep\cca district as well as the smelter of Zve\ccan and the Trep\cca battery factory. The town of Zve\ccan and Mitrovica have been exposed for m...

Fluid inclusion application in epithermal gold exploration is based on the fluid inclusion characteristic and its relation to the mineralization. These characteristics include the type of fluid inclusions and different fluctuations in their micro thermometry measurement and chemical composition. In this regard, based on the micro thermometry measurements, the fluid inclusions in epithermal gold systems have the homogenization temperatures between 100-300 ºC and the salinity of 5\% NaCl equiv. in average. Within th...

The Siah Bishe Pumped Storage Dam is located in the northern part of the Alborz mountain range. The investigation results and the effect of brittle deformation of two fault sets in the left pressure shaft of Siah Bisheh Dam are discussed in this paper. The shaft is arranged in sedimentary and volcanic rocks of Triasic and Jurasic ages. The length of the shaft is 450m and its diameter is 6m with 65 degree inclination relatively south-north trend. The results of geo-engineering surveys using boreholes and statistica...

Within the scope of this study, Kuz-Ram and JKMRC fragmentation estimation models were applied to bench blasting operations and pros and cons of models were determined by comparing estimation results with the real fragmentation results obtained from digital image processing technique. On the other side, bench blast optimization method by means of models and digital image processing technique, is introduced in order to get desired fragmentation result from bench blast.

А possibility of using 3D laser scanning for collecting massive volumes of precise, high-resolution spatial data for deformation monitoring is discussed. This paper introduces laser scanning as an instrument which may be applicable to the field of dam deformation monitoring. The advantages of this technique for modeling and providing a much more valid representation of the actual surface shape are represented. Unlike traditional surveying techniques that collect hundreds of discrete data points over a period of se...

This case study presented herein describes physically based susceptibility mapping in Avutmuş-Sebinkarahisar (Giresun-Turkey) and its vicinity using the SINMAP model. Sebinkarahisar has been recognized as a landslide-prone area. Landslides in this area caused several hazards in the houses and farming areas. In view of landslide re-occurrence potential in this area and its close environ, understanding of the failure mechanism is highly crucial. In order to predict the future landslides in the area and its vicinity,...

The photodegradation of Acid Yellow 23 a model compound from monoazo textile dyes was investigated using TiO2, SnO2 and TiO2+SnO2 suspension as photocatalysts at different gap sizes. The results showed that the coupled particles were not much different from single TiO2 system at the gap size of 4.5 cm in a batch reactor. But the coupled system was more effective when the gap size was reduced to 2.5 cm. A complete decolorization occurs at the gap size of 1.1 cm after 20 min of irradiation while 90\% decolorization ...

Because of the approved understanding of the ecological system of our planet also Earth Sciences will be asked for solutions of global problems. Various data, knowledge and instruments should be used to give precise answers to provide confidence in the scientific, politic and public community. In addition to this ecological issue Earth Sciences will provide an important impact on European economy to follow the “Lisbon Strategy” to foster the European Economy with a strengthened and excellent European Research Area...

An exploratory data analysis (EDA) technique is based on the box plot and robust-class selection. Calculation of the threshold of anomalous data is based on the determined classes. In contrast to classic statistical processing ( ), in these methods, normalization isn’t needed. This paper is devoted to presentation of EDA application on stream sediment survey data of 1:50000 Shirinkand sheet. 180 Samples were analyzed for 23 elements and because of high censored values of Cd and P, they are omitted from data proces...

The purpose of this study is the identification of the current state of sewerage network in the Prizren Municipality and calculation of the quantity and quality of wastewaters in the sewerage network prior to discharge in Lumbardhi river. This is done in order to enable location of various points for the installation of facilities which shall be used for wastewater treatment in this municipality. The definition of wastewaters, their quality, the percentage of citizens with access to sewerage network are some of th...

Magnetism of soils is determined by the amount of strongly magnetic minerals, which may have different origin – inherent from the parent rocks (lithogenic); “in situ” formed during pedogenesis (pedogenic) and anthropogenic – from atmospheric deposition of particulates emitted from various industrial productions, which together with heavy metals contain also magnetic fraction. Due to the latter contribution, magnetic susceptibility of strongly polluted topsoils is significantly higher than the signal of non pollute...

On the basis of the mathematical model of acoustic field behind the first line of buildings [1] is created program insurance for PC and operational system Windows®. The incoming information includes: coordinated of the angle and altitude of buildings, sources, power and frequency of sound, coordinates of the points for which the calculations are made for (figure 2). The program is composed from 7 basic modules. The connection between them is represented in figure 1. The results from the calculations are shown by s...

We report in this paper the preliminary results obtained during removal of pesticides from industrial wastewater by Fenton’s reagent. Fenton process is attractive alternative to conventional oxidation processes in effluent treatment of recalcitrant compounds. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of fenton process for the reduction of COD in wastewaters from pesticide industry. Several parameters were also studied: dose of Fe+2 and H2O2. The process of pesticide removal from industrial wastewater usi...

Sensitivity maturity analysis is being used mostly in finding the best fitting parameters for thermal modeling. The sensitivity of the models in Beglej- Kalenik area demonstrates the importance of heat flow history - subject to uncertainty due to complicated geology. The specific analysis includes patterns based on two models (complex and constant), which responses are studied with respect to possible variations. The paper is focused on the conducting sensitivity analysis of sediment thermal maturity, applying dif...

A natural zeolite, Clinoptilolite was used to investigate its adsorption capacity for the lead (II) ions from artificial polluted tap water in this study. For the experimental studies, Clinoptilolite mineral which is 25-140 mesh size was used by activating with HCl, and lead ion removal efficiencies were examined. Experiments were studied under laboratory batch conditions were run at different pH values, temperatures. The highest removal efficiency was found as about 87\% at pH 5. Similarly, experiments were carri...

Choosing a suitable method for a given ore-body is very important for the economics, safety and the productivity of the mining work. Ore excavation cost, as economic factor, have not influence on preliminary selection of mining method. Mining-geological factors and mining-technical factors have higher ascendancy in this stage of selection. It is very difficult to insulate one of these factors as the most significant. Today, the selection of a mining method is a multi-criteria decision making process, with many fac...

Introduction of the GIS in geology in Slovakia has carried forward dearly during few past years, but even though, in many cases there are not used all analytical possibilities of the GIS and the works are concentred on a basic modelling of the geological phenomenon and its presentation in a paper form. That’s probably the reason why the costs spent for implementation of the GIS in geology are considered as a less effective or a lossy. Pay back period, as short as possible, is possible to achieve only by a complex ...

Under similar conditions, surface mining is generally regarded to be more advantageous than underground mining. In the selection between surface and underground exploitation methods, there are a number of most significant factors must be briefly studied and determined. In this study, these factors were extensively studied and then considering effect of these factors on surface and underground mining, a comparison was done.

The Black Sea SCENE Project central goal is to establish a Black Sea Scientific Network of leading research institutes, universities and NGO’s (25 partners) aimed to develop a virtual data and information infrastructure and stimulate scientific cooperation, exchange of knowledge and expertise, and strengthen the regional capacity, providing improved data \& information delivery services for the Black Sea region at European level. Involvement of policy/ decision makers, stakeholders and end-users is one of the stra...

Variability of stream sediment survey data have two principal component including syngenetic component relates to lithogenesis and lithogeochemical variation, and epigenetic component relates to mineralization which its determination is the target in geochemical exploration. In regional stream sediment surveys, effective lithologic units in syngenetic component are located in the upstream of related sample. Various methods are used for neutralization of syngenetic component in stream sediment geochemical surveys s...

The surface properties of natural Bentonite can be greatly modified by simple ion-exchange with cationic surfactant and this organo-bentonite is highly effective in removing organic compounds from water. In this study bentonite was treated with Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC). In sorption experiments, each batch test sample was prepared with 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 g Bentonite (B) and Modified Bentonite (MB) separately together with aqueous Phenol solution. Adsorption of 10 and 50 mgL-1 Phenol on to B and...

Methane drainage and utilization can be a profitable activity for gassy underground coal mines, also it protects our environment by decreasing “greenhouse” gases. One of the key parameters for methane drainage is permeability of coal. The flow of gas and water through coal samples was studied to investigate its permeability to methane and water. A relationship was found between the coal permeability to methane, and its permeability to water. As the measurements of permeability should be in-situ representative, som...

In recent years, all over the world and in Turkey, as a result of increasing population, industrial and urban development and rising life standarts, the fosil fuels have dramatically been used up and caused environmental pollution. Since it has been recognized that energy sources such as petroleum and coal are non-renewable energy sources and they are limited, researches have been concentrated on the biomass energy which is renewable and optained easily in all world. In this study, from the available statistical d...

The Gol-E-Gohar (GEG) Iron ore Complex is located in Kerman province of Iran, and is situated on the Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphic belt, which has been played a large part in the history of the tectonics of Iran plate margin. Based on the modern exploration activities, six magnetic anomalies in this district have been recognized. Now a large-scale open-pit mine is being developed on this deposit. This paper aims to re-evaluate the pre-designed slope angles of Anomaly 1 of GEG Open pit. In the preliminary design the ...

Surface and groundwater resources are important assets for the economic and social welfare of the population of a given area; they are renewable and with proper management, they contribute substantially to sustained development. Unfortunately, the expansion of industrial and agricultural activities lead to increasing withdrawal of water from the aquifers, excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers and (frequently illicit) disposal of industrial waste. This results in rapid reduction in the quantity and quality of...

In the paper is discussed the possibilities of preventive methods of quality management in scope of environmental prevention and the waste liquidation and their application.

Anaerobic treatment system was used for determination of colour removal under batch conditions. Azo-dye (Reactive Black 5, RB 5) with glucose as a carbon source was used as a synthetic wastewater. The decolourization process follows first order kinetics with respect to RB 5 azo-dye concentration in batch conditions. Decolourization rate constant (k1) value for dye concentration of 150mgL-1 was 0.1751 h-1 in the batch experimental study performed with RB 5. Maximum Reactive Black 5 removal efficiency was obtained a...