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From a geological point of view, Dobrogea presents a wide variety of rocks specific to all three major petrological categories. Plutonic magmatic rocks are found especially in the Macin Mountains, in the form of granites or granodiorites, rarely diorites. Basaltic volcanic igneous rocks are mainly found in the Niculi?el Hills. Metamorphic rocks outcrop in the South of Tulcea County as Micaschists, on the border with Constan?a County, in the well-known Altan-Tepe mining area, but also isolated, to the Southwest of ...

The main scientific problem to which the study is devoted is to determine the relationship between such aspects of the quality of life of the population as: environmental quality, economic inequality and digitalization of households. The relationship between the three studied areas of household life is dictated by the processes of digital transformation, the formation of a green economy, while the phenomena of population differentiation by income is increasing. Nonparametric correlation coefficients were calculate...

The Dniprovsko-Buzky liman is a semi-enclosed water body located in the lower part of the mouth area (estuary) of the Dnipro and the Pivdennyy Bug. The studied liman is located within a tectonic depression that is characterized by asymmetric slopes. The northern slope of the depression is steeper and characterized by a predominance of positive tectonic movements. The southern slope is very gentle, and negative tectonic movements take place within it. The specified tectonic conditions determine the lithological, mo...

Materials and technical equipment, especially their external parts, are inherently subjected to the electrification process during their use. The electrification process of the materials and external parts of the equipment, especially the non-conductive ones, is responsible for the generation, through specific mechanisms, of significant amounts of electrostatic charges. The electrostatic charges generated as a result of the electrification process on the materials and external parts of the technical equipment used...

Safety culture and the environment are closely linked. In companies, they are very often managed together within the HSE department. In most major industrial accidents that have had a catastrophic impact on the environment one of the causes has been a poor safety culture. The very definition of safety culture originated in the investigation of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident in 1986. Another example of an accident caused by a poor safety culture was the Deepwater Horizon oil rig disaster in 2010, which ...

Cyanobacteria are ancient photosynthetic organisms that under certain conditions (high temperature, eutrophication) can grow rapidly and form "cyanobacterial blooms". Very often, these blooms are accompanied by production of cyanotoxins, which in most cases are dangerous to the other organisms. Knowing the producers of cyanotoxins is of utmost importance, especially today when climate change has been shown to increase the frequency of toxic cyanobacterial blooms worldwide. The aim of the present study was to chara...

The aim of the study is to look for ways for applying the principles of sustainable development in spatial planning through approaches that reflect modern trends in the field of ecosystem research, environmental protection and provide an optimal living environment. For this purpose, the regulatory documents for spatial planning in Bulgaria were analyzed, as well as the possibilities for applying within their framework approaches for objective assessment of the ecosystem-s state and their capacity to provide ecosys...

Currently, the food industry accounts for the largest amount of waste, a third of which is waste from the processing of fruits into natural fruit juices, the consumption of which has recently increased significantly due to health problems among the population. The transition to a healthier and more natural lifestyle involves reducing the consumption of soft drinks, which can contain high concentrations of sugars, artificial colors, preservatives, and increasing the production of natural juices. Studies were carrie...

Hydrogen explosions can occur in industrial processes, in laboratories, in hydrogen production and storage processes, or in new combustion processes used in modern transportation. This gas presents a particularly dangerous potential due to its flammability properties. The combustion reaction of this gas mixed with air or oxygen is strongly exothermic, resulting in a rapid increase in temperatures and pressures developed. When these overpressures become too great to be supported by the vessels or enclosures where t...

Even if the total amount of water in the world remains the same, we observe a constant deterioration of water quality, water ecosystems and the surrounding environment of water courses and reservoirs. At the same time, the costs of treatment of surface and underground water for drinking water. For this reason, the pollution limits for wastewater treatment plants of all types are constantly being tightened, which increases the already high costs of their operation and often increases in the increased prices for was...

Organic waste has been discharged into the environment by various industries in a global society. Anaerobic digestion has proven its potential as a waste-to-energy (WTE) technology to produce biogas, which can also replace fossil fuels while accommodating these unwanted wastes. However, there are limitations to anaerobic digestion, such as poor biomethane yield due to limited supply and fluctuations in the composition of the substrates, and an inadequate C/N ratio in the feedstocks. This paper aims to discuss poss...

This study investigated changes in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentrations in the three components of the forest ecosystem (leaves, bark and soil) along an altitudinal gradient in the temperate forests of Romania. The properties and processes within the forest ecosystem are influenced by altitude. The leaves, litter and soil are important in the good development of the ecosystem and in the cycle of the elements. Plants extract the nutrients necessary for life and growth from the soil in which they carry out the...

Many processes involving dusts, suspended or accumulated, have the potential to lead to fire, explosion or decomposition in the presence of oxygen and an ignition source. The risk of dust explosions increases as more and more products take the form of dusts or require the use of dusts during manufacture. In spite of extensive research and development to prevent and mitigate dust explosions in the process industries, this phenomenon continues to represent a constant hazard to industries including manufacturing, usi...

Residues of pesticides and HM, used in bees care or in crop fields, have negative effects on the health of bees and humans and of the antimicrobial properties of the honey. Investigation of HM and pesticides is vital, since the use of chemical solutions has -rise up- significantly. Our aim was to investigate whether the level of contaminants in honey (Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, As, using GC/ECD and GF-AAS) and pesticides: ?-HCH, ?-HCH, ? -HCH, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, DDE, DDD, and DDT, alpha -Endosulfan, carbofuran, pi...

The need for secure and reliable applications will increase due to the growing necessity for sustainably and independently produced energy. For example, the amount of energy generated by individuals at their homes will probably grow fast in the near future so requiring for easy-to-use and precise solutions. To transform and facilitate the processes related to energy sector it is possible to use blockchain technology. The aim of this paper is to evaluate and analyse different areas of blockchain application in the ...

The paper reposts on a comprehensive study of Carbon Dioxide Enhanced Oil Recovery (CO2-EOR), a detailed literature and projects review. In one hand, according to past studies, when injected CO2 and residual oil are miscible (Miscible Displacement), the physical forces holding the two phases apart (Interfacial Tension, IFT) disappears; as CO2 dissolves in the oil, it swells the oil, reducing its viscosity and density. This allows the oil CO2 to displace the oil from the rock pores, pushing it towards a production ...

The Blato River watershed was determined as especially vulnerable to flood hazards zone regarding the developed Bulgarian Flood Risk Management Plans. With regard to the climate change the number of such hazards increases. To prevent and mitigate the consequences various measures are applied in practice. Some of them are connected to the implementation of already existing engineering solutions. But in case of emergency some untypical temporary solutions are also introduced. In line with the detected severe climate...

Aim of the paper is to investigate the possibilities of applying the laser scanning method for overhead power transmission line monitoring in Latvia conditions. Today, in various sectors of the national economy, infrastructure monitoring takes an important place in the overall management of the system. It also plays an essential role in electric power, especially in maintaining overhead power transmission lines. Realizing the possibilities of digital development, the monitoring of power lines is more often perform...

Soil pollution by potentially toxic elements (As, Sb, Cu, Zn, Pb) near the mining areas has become a serious environmental problem. These risk elements can be released into the environment, causing a risk to human health. Stabilized pollution in various materials may constitute an additional risk in the long term. Organic acids play an important role in mobilizing contaminants. In the present work, various stabilizing agents (iron nanoparticles - nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI), amorphous manganese oxide (AMO), b...

During the process of drilling wells, it is necessary to have information about the composition of the soil layers through which the drill passes. This will optimize the parameters of rotation of the drill, the load on the drill, as a result of which equipment wear will be reduced. It will also make it possible to lay optimal trajectories during well drilling and track the penetration of the drill into the target layer. This issue is especially relevant for the oil industry, where production is carried out at grea...

The use, production, processing and storage of petroleum products and gases generate hazardous atmospheres that can be ignited and generate explosions, causing serious damage both to materials and the environment, and especially to human health and integrity. The use of equipment in this environment requires compliance with certain well-defined parameters, which must be chosen in correlation with the potentially explosive atmosphere in which it is to be installed and the type of protection, temperature class and c...

The growth of the world population, the technical-scientific and socio-economic evolution have led to the increase of the need for food products and the diversification of their range. Under these conditions, beekeeping acquires an increasingly important role as a food supply (honey) but also as a vector of growth of agricultural vegetal production through crop pollination. It also provides various products with a role in maintaining the health of the population through products with high prophylactic and therapeu...

Combating poverty and social exclusion requires addressing individual needs in terms of life cycles. As children growing up in poor households will face a higher risk of poverty in the future, in order to break the intergenerational circle of poverty, the governments must adopt programs aimed at simultaneously child and adult poverty in a household. The intergenerational circle of exclusion is perpetuated when low levels of education and poor health seriously limit the chances of access to the labour market for th...

Nitrogen pollution contributes to climate change, acid rain and eutrophication. The present study evaluates the degree of nitrogen contamination of air, surface and ground waters in Bulgaria with reference to the 2021 EU Action Plan 'Towards Zero Pollution for Air, Water and Soil' as well as the relevant international and national regulations in the field. The analysis uses data from the Bulgarian Ministry of Environment and Water, Ministry of Agriculture, the European Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Rese...

The quality of agricultural land (including orchards) describes the productivity of the land, or the benefit that the soil can give to the owner if it is properly cultivated and used. It depends on the type of soil, the mechanical composition of the soil, the reaction of the acidity of the soil, the condition of the drainage system, the contour of the plot of land, the area, rockiness, terrain, and other factors. Alternative energy sources are types of energy resources which the use causes no or only minor damage ...

This paper addresses the impact of the increasing penetration of renewable solar photovoltaic (PV) in the power distribution grids. A collaborative project between the university and the local power distribution grid-s operator (PDO) led to this assessment, which addressed the operator-s specific concerns about how renewable energy-based generators might affect the power quality (PQ) in its grid system. There was evaluated the interaction between PV prosumers' installations and the hosting low voltage (LV) network...

Pollution of aquatic ecosystems with antibiotic-resistant genes originating from human medicine and veterinary is an urgent problem due to the potential threaten to public health. Antibiotic-resistant genes enter surface waters and wastewater through vertical and horizontal water runoff. At the same time, heavy metals and biogenic substances often presented in aqueous ecosystems often exacerbate the problem since the drive the horizontal transfer of antibiotic-resistance genes. To solve the problem of purification...

In order to emphasize the distribution of chemical elements (ChE) in biological environments, we determined hair and blood chemical concentrations in forty-seven male volunteers aged 19-23, who were divided into two groups: athlete and control. Atomic emission analysis showed stable deficiencies, which is commonly characteristic of northerners (I, Co, Mg, Se, Ca). More correlations existed in hair samples than in blood, which again proves that blood is a more dynamic environment of the body while hair is a better ...

Certain studies have determined specific conifers, which can be found in urban and industrial areas can be used to monitor the degree of air pollution being used for passive biomonitoring processes. The needles and bark of conifers taken from the industrial and urban areas of the Jiu Valley, mercury, chromium) and arsenic, after acid mineralization of the samples of pine bark (Pinus sp.), spruce (Picea Abies) and thuja (Thuja Occidentalis) and those taken from these conifers in the urban area and in the vicinity o...

Biotope or habitat preferences are important species characteristics that can be used for understanding their ecology, as well as their conservation, and even as a tool for crime investigations for detection of post-mortem body manipulation. However, the characterization of species- habitat preferences can be difficult. There are several limiting factors like lack of quantitative data and reliance on anecdotal evidence for this trait. Further, we must consider the reaction to the border between two neighboring hab...

Studies aimed at improving the efficiency of the field preparation of hydrogen sulfide and mercaptan-containing oil are especially relevant in connection with the tightening of regulatory requirements for quality and safety indicators of commercial oil. The Technical Regulation (TR) of the Eurasian Economic Union TR 045/2017 -On the safety of oil prepared for transportation and (or) use- establishes uniform requirements for the safety indicators of oil delivered through trunk pipelines, as well as used as a raw ma...

Theoretically, environmental management is still seen as a relatively young field that is rapidly evolving in search of ways to deal with natural threats and problems caused by human activities and related to the search for opportunities to provide and implement Sustainable Development. Environmental problems are intertwined with socioeconomic problems, especially in poor developing countries. In addition, environmental management faces a number of challenges in the modern world. Increasingly, countries will face ...

The DNA barcoding project provides a very quick and easy way to identify different types of organisms based on their DNA. The main objective of this study is to obtain the sequences of different species of fungi, plants and animals to map the biodiversity of Slovakia. This project also represents a new use for collections stored in natural history museums around the world. This paper shows in particular a laboratory view of the DNA barcoding project, such as the practical application of the methodology for differe...

Magnetospheric pulsations and the mechanisms underlying their generation are topics under active studies. The Pc5 (f =1.7-6.7 mHz) geomagnetic continuous pulsations, recorded at mid latitudes (L =1.6) during December 2019, with a low level of geomagnetic activity, are analyzed and discussed in this paper. The data sets of the series on geomagnetic field variations recorded at Panagjuriste Geomagnetic Observatory in Bulgaria are analyzed. The spectral characteristics of the pulsations were determined by Continuous ...

Utilization of renewable energy sources is future solution for providing the word energy demand and to solve the problems of climate changes. Carbon dioxide is greenhouse gas and major contributor to the global warming. Hydrogenation process of carbon dioxide with renewable hydrogen will not only mitigate the problem of global warming but will also produce valuable products and renewable energy. The hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to value-added chemicals and fuels is a promising route, providing products such as ...

The vision of succeeding in shaping sustainable cities is representing a fascinating matter, but a challenging one. This provoking issue is including several tasks, among others connected to available possibilities for assuring needed energy supply with minimum environmental impacts. Humanity innovative thinking way has always been driving the field of shaping more efficient energy supply systems with less environmental impacts, being always a debate regarding available energy resources. Conventional energy supply...

Declared knowledge about climate change and related meteorological anomalies have a direct or indirect influence on the current evolution of relief, soils, hydrological regime, vegetation, and from animals to ecosystems. Changes are occurring in the conditions of the high mountain landscape, which we understand as part of natural evolution, but it is evident that their genesis has both global and local causes. The valley systems of the northeastern part of the High Tatras exhibit several processes that indicate ch...

Renewable energy is the energy produced from renewable resources replenished naturally on a human scale from sources: sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, geothermal heat, etc. Renewable energy induces a negligible ecological footprint that is quite limited in the area of operation, while at the same time providing obvious ecological benefits and contributing to the sustainable development of human societies. Today in 2022, renewable energy sources are considered alternatives to fossil fuels because they contribute...

The main aim of the work is a comparative characteristic of carcinogenic risk for the health of the adolescent and adult population from exposure to chemical contaminants on multi-environmental ingestion of chemical substances (drinking water, soil, atmospheric air, foods). A high level of total carcinogenic individual risk in the city territories under study is identified in adolescents and adults in the 2nd zone (0.00426 and 0.00298). The value of total carcinogenic risk (TCR) in the territories under study on c...

The anthropogenic influence on petroleum reservoirs during oil extraction leads to the emergence of new electron acceptors and donors and exogenous microorganisms. Microbial biodegradation of hydrocarbons in petroleum reservoirs leads to a change of its composition, resulting in a decrease in its cost. The identification of microorganisms capable of in-situ degradation of hydrocarbons under reservoir conditions is critical to understand the role of microbes in hydrocarbon conversion. To analyze microbial biodegrad...

Globally, the environment is the result of the interdependence between natural elements - water, air, soil, living things, and elements from human activity. Environmental pollution can be generally defined as the negative result of the domestic or industrial activity of any living thing that generates pollutants in the atmosphere or waste that reaches the ground or water. Numerous causes of pollution have made environmental protection one of the most important and essential problems in the world, pollution, and la...

Environmental pollution from production waste and disposal of household, electronic and other equipment is becoming more and more noticeable. This requires a rethinking of business processes in enterprises. Waste management is becoming a major problem of our society. Therefore, a targeted policy at the local and national levels is crucial. This requires a change in legislation in this area, as well as the development of specific measures to tackle the problems. To this end, however, we need indicators to determine...

Waste management is currently a priority for everyone. Everyone today focuses on reducing, reusing and recycling our waste. Nevertheless, the best solution is to recover energy from the rest of the waste. The reason is that this part is a sustainable part of the waste management chain, which makes it possible to produce valuable and renewable energy. This sector is among the cleanest in Europe by reducing emissions of pollutants from operations, which convert waste into energy, which is subject to the strictest re...

In the present study deterministic earthquake scenarios for the city of Varna - the thirdlargest city in Bulgaria are presented. By deterministic scenario, it is mean a representation of the severity of ground shaking over an urban area, using one or more hazard descriptors. The assessment of seismic hazard and generation of earthquake scenarios is the first step of seismic risk evaluation and society prevention. Seismic history of Varna shows that the hazard for the city is mainly influence by the earthquakes occ...

The terminology of degraded areas is not uniform in Latvia and in the world at the moment - it is in the process of development and formulation. Some urban spatial plans also use the terms "abandoned sites" and "disordered sites". They are marked as territories where previous economic activity has been carried out, which is currently in force, but the involvement of these territories as functioning elements (especially - settlements) in the structure, their "return to life" is essential for the development of the ...

Water pollution with oil residues is a particularly important and difficult problem to prevent and solve. The ecological consequences of black tides have proven to be particularly serious and even catastrophic for marine ecosystems. In this sense, the limitation and concentration represent the optimal response action to hydrocarbon pollution. The aim of the work was to digitally design a woven textile reinforcement used as a matrix of the composite material from which the freeboard and skirt of the floating surfac...

Increasing energy efficiency leads to the fact that companies operating on renewable energy sources are gaining more weight in the sector and becoming more competitive. It is not easy to manage companies working with renewable energy sources since it requires fully transparent management. Digitalization comes into play with management software that optimizes processes and energy services and solves their problems in terms of development and productivity. Over the coming decades, digital technologies are set to mak...

The development of hypersonic technology creates a new challenge for inertial navigation sensors, which are widely used in aviation navigation systems. Improving the accuracy of navigation equipment will reduce fuel consumption and reduce the impact of harmful emissions on the atmosphere. The operation of sensors that are part of navigation systems, such as gyroscopes, work in difficult conditions, which affects their accuracy. A float two-degree angular velocity sensor is considered. The reaction of a float two-s...

The design of a suitable ventilation method for buildings aims primarily to improve the quality of the indoor environment of buildings and thus to influence individual parameters of the indoor environment such asCO2concentration, air purity, the required amount of fresh air according to the proposed operation of the building, temperature and humidity. Proper design and installation of a forced ventilation system with heat recovery can significantly reduce the energy required for heating or cooling. The paper focus...

The article presents a solution for solving the problems of eco-efficient combustion of pelletized or chopped and dried agricultural and forest residual biomass, using the TopLit UpDraft (TLUD) gasification process. By using this solution, thermal energy is produced, and about 10-20% residual charcoal, not transformed into gas, called biochar, too. Biochar is a good amendment for agricultural soils and reduces the concentration of CO2 in the environment by capturing carbon in the soil for long periods. Biochar act...