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New Russian environmental legislation categorises oil and gas refineries as installations obliged to implement Best Available Techniques (BAT) and obtain Integrated Environmental (IEP). This new legislation is similar to the Industrial Emissions Directive setting conditions to European installations. Russian Information and Technical Reference Books on Best Available Techniques (ITRB) have been developed since 2015, and ITRB for Gas Refineries have been worked out by technologists, environmentalists and industrial...

Seals of oil deposits of Tatarstan (Volga-Ural petroleum province) are a complex geological and geochemical object. The preservation degree of hydrocarbon deposits is determined by the filtration characteristics of the seals. Migration of the identified portions of hydrocarbon compounds through the fluid lead to a violation of lithological-geochemical equilibrium in the seal. The development of pyrite in the seals is connected both with the syndiagenetic processes of sediment transformation and with biomineralogic...

Ultra clean coal (UCC) contains less than one per cent by weight ash. It is created via chemical leaching, because conventional, physical separating techniques cannot achieve this extremely low mineral content. Potential uses for ultra clean coal, apart from power generation, include for example directly fired into gas turbines пїЅ increasing the efficiency of power generation and eliminating the need for ash dams, production of graphite and carbon fibres, wood charcoal alternative for silicon smelting and others....

Within the crystalline basement of the Tatar arch of the East-Russian plate, specific zones are distinguished, which can be attributed to unconventional reservoir zones. According to previous studies, different types of genesis are generated: decompressed zones of destruction of great depths, weathering crusts at the boundary of the sedimentary cover and crystalline basement, fractured permeable zones subjected to later hydrothermal processes, etc. Formation of different types of reservoir zones is associated with...

Paper presents results of 3D modeling and unconventional hydrocarbon resources assessment completed in regional scale on the area of the Eastern part of Paleozoic Baltic Basin. 3D modeling of structural framework, geochemical and petrophysical parameters was performed for Lower Paleozoic strata using Petrel software. The structural model incorporates 8 structural surfaces, 20 faults and stratigraphic information from 84 wells. The model covers an area of 16800 km2 and is divided into 7 zones (500x500 m grid cell s...

From year to year cities are becoming the environment of constantly increasing number of people. The recent growth of special interest to studying the problems of urban environment and storing all possible information concerning the adaptation of flora and fauna to existing in tense contact with man prompted the appearance of a specific scientific aspect in modern geourban studies dealing with exploration of the development of various territories with urbanized landscapes. There have been determined territorial fa...

Urban ecosystems function and maintenance are closely connected to the humans being, their interests and activities. As a result in many cases are observed serious anthropogenic works, causing a significant impact on the natural processes and conditions. Consequently urban ecosystem services become more specific, requiring more individual approaches for the related processes clarification and assessments. The understanding of such implementation recently is under a broad extension. Practices in the area widely inc...

Biomass as fuel is processed to make it comfortable for use for energy purposes. Solid compacted biofuels are produced based on sawdust wood or clean wood waste. Their quality is dependent on density, moisture content and chemical composition. The aim of the study was to evaluate the usability of selected compacted fuels (briquettes). This assessment was made upon the basis of a developed total quality index. Compacted biofuels are the products which depend on general market laws and their commercial characteristi...

Quaternary sand-gravel mixture and sand deposits are among the most significant raw mineral resources needed for construction industry in Latvia. As regulations of Cabinet of Ministers of Republic of Latvia No. 570 states пїЅ geological prospecting has to consist of data acquired by drilling. Following study presents results of ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveying combined with traditional prospecting methods for A (proved) and N (probable) category sand-gravel and sand deposits. Geological prospecting for dep...

The leather sector is an important source of materials for various industries and fields.This industry generates a big quantity of solid and liquid waste.The whole process that the skin is subjected to contains a series of operations and chemical reactions.Waste from the leather industry can be obtained by using multiple processing methods in different areas. Recovery of waste from the leather industry is an important factor for environmental protection. Nowadays, the elaboration of leather processing methods that...

The organic food market is one of the most developing food markets both in Poland and in the world. In 2002-2010 the value of organic food market in the world increased by 23 billion. Dynamic development of the organic food market is related to a great demand for organic food, particularly in the European Union. In Poland, the organic food market is changing as a result of the increase of the demand for organic food which is preconditioned with changes in the consumers' likes concerning the food quality and with c...

According to the literature [9,15] geothermal energy means a part of the Earth's energy resources accumulated in water, water steam and dry hot rocks. It is classified to a group of renewable resources, virtually inexhaustible due to its transfer from the EarthпїЅs inside by conduction and convection. M. Kaczmarczyk [6] describes geothermal energy as a primary energy originated in the process of the Earth formation and as the energy generated by the radioactive decay. It has been evaluated that the global geotherm...

The present study was conducted at the Floriculture Research Area, Faculty of Horticulture of Craiova (RomпїЅnia), in the year 2014. The main objective of this work was to investigate the potential effects of foliar applications of some natural biostimulators obtained from humic acids from lignite (HA), from the grape seed extract (GSE) and their 1:1 mixture, on plant growth and development, depending on the rooting substrate. Stem cuttings of Pelargonium peltatum were rooted in two media (peatпїЅperlite, and Jiff...

Extraction of rare earth elements (REE) from mining wastes may change their physical and chemical properties thus affecting their usefulness for reclamation. The aim of this work was to assess the usefulness for reclamation of mine wastes used for REE production. Samples of mine wastes after an experimental benefication process (n=6) were delivered from Kankberg mine, Sweden. The samples were measured for organic matter (OM) content, specific gravity, maximum water holding capacity (WHC), texture, pH and electric ...

Most of the wells have an associated survey suite designed for geophysical investigations, including neutron log, density log, and sonic log. These tools are used later on for singular, dual, or complex boreholes geophysical interpretation, especially for reservoir characterization in terms of lithology and porosity. It is known that the acoustic waveпїЅs velocity through different rock types is a function of the elastic properties and density of both the mineral skeleton of that rock, and the in situ fluids, stre...

The article discusses an urgent problem of developing wastewater treatment technologies that ensure high efficiency with simultaneous reduction of energy consumption and mass and size of a plant. Cavitation treatment is one of the modern and promising physico-mechanical wastewater treatment methods. Cavitation is a rupture of dropping liquid under the action of tensile stresses due to the change of characteristics of the velocity and pressure fields occurring at rarefaction in the considered point of the liquid. D...

In Russia, terms пїЅmarker substanceпїЅ or пїЅmarker parameterпїЅ have been used in regulatory acts on Best Available Techniques (BATs). For BAT-related purposes it is needed to select most significant, marker (or indicator) parameters characterizing applied technologies and useful for setting BAT-associated emission limit values. When reliable environmental performance data are scarce and self-monitoring practices are not fully developed, marker parameters should be chosen by means of expert analysis. Russian inf...

During longwall mining extraction, extremely high permeable spaces, called пїЅgobsпїЅ, are often created within crushed strata. Those gobs and abandoned: pathways, tunnels, ventilation entries or shafts, could be capacious storage deposits for coal-released gases, particular methane. This methane may be valuable source of both, energy and heat production, in active and post mining areas. Gases form crushed, fractured zones are explored by vertical boreholes drilled from surface, called gob gas ventholes (GGVs). GG...

In underground mines the methane, accompanying the exploitation of the primary mineral - hard coal, and is discharged into the atmosphere in two ways: with ventilation air (70%) and methane drainage system (30%). The development of methane from coal seams is important for the following reasons: as it can be used for the production of electricity and heat or in cogeneration. This is because the emission of methane into the atmosphere contributes to the greenhouse effect. Currently the work is being carried out by t...

Close to human residences the places often abound where anthropogenic activity and external factors cause their changes. The changes can often influence their inhibitantsпїЅ life thanks to incipient dangerous places. The project of successful design of measures to ensure stability of unstable running blocks depends on chosen approaches and primary resource preparation. Utilization of modern technologies in their taking and processing is required nowadays. The paper describes the taking and processing of datas for ...

Over 400,000 shells of different calibers were dumped in Burgas Bay after the end of WWI. The operation, under the coordination of the British forces, was completed without the dumping areas to be clearly mentioned and mapped, allowing us today to assume that they can be anywhere in Burgas Bay. Many other shells were also dumped in the sea at the end of WWII. During the first phase of expansion of Burgas harbor, carried out between 2001 and 2006, a great deal of unexploded ammunition, originating from both WWI and...

The goal of article is to present an influence of V2G and G2V technology on electric power system. They were presented different ways of balancing the National Electric Power System by electric vehicles, which are taking part in V2G and G2V systems. By using technologies which support integration of electric vehicles with grid, a traditional grid can be developed and transformed to the Smart Grid. One of the systems that support electric vehicles is called Smart Metering. пїЅNegawattпїЅ is a theoretical unit, whic...

In this work the received analytical material on bottom sediments more than 200 lakes is generalized in different landscape (climatic) zones of Western Siberia. The bottom sediments were studied by a set of modern methods of geochemistry, mineralogy, and crystal chemistry. We will try to highlight some of the general laws of horizontal and vertical distribution of natural radionuclides (NRN) in different types of bottom sediments of the inland lakes of Siberia. Based on NRN distribution in the bottom sediment of t...

The study of the variations in the volume activity of radon-222 under natural conditions attests to their association with changes in porosity and permeability due to the stressstrain state of rocks. In most cases, the observed changes in the volume activity of radon in time are explained by lunar-solar tides, meteorological conditions, and a number of other factors. However, it is difficult to explain the observed relationship between the variations in volumetric activity of radon and tectonic events remote to ma...

Water Framework Directive 2000/60 / EC is considered a progressive and innovative legislative measure which should lead to improved of surface water in Europe. One important factor contributing to the impairment of surface water quality is the use of chemical and organic fertilizers, which through runoff or leaching in water table can cause the phenomenon of pollution of surface waters and groundwater. In a river basin, the factors that determine the nutrient loads are: industry, urban sewage, atmospheric depositi...

Assessment of soil dynamic parameters via wave propagation method utilizing results of elastic or viscosпїЅelastic wave analysis. In this paper is only outlining the basic of the theoretical subject which is necessary for experimental applications via impulseпїЅseismic methods (ISM) or the phase velocity method. The ISM experimental study of ground stressпїЅwave propagation permits the ground to be modelled as a damped, viscoelastic half space. The viscoelastic model of soil simulation using the complex modulus co...

The article focuses on the problems of the cost reduction in timber transportation. The cross-border timber transportation process is expensive and difficult to arrange. The important problem is to reduce transportation costs and in order to do that we have to optimize it. The all-round approach is the best way to solve this problem. . The Optimization of the production process at all stages is provided as the necessary method. The optimization method allows us to perform the following: selection of the transporta...

This study investigates the weed vegetation in vineyards of Rahovec region in Kosovo. Along with far-reaching political and socio-economic alterations, agricultural land use has changed in the recent past in the Kosovo. To increase the knowledge on the weed vegetation in vineyards, we recorded the vegetation of 100 plots with a standard plot size of 25 mпїЅ. To avoid edge effects, the minimum distance of each plot to the field border was 10 m. The location of each plot was documented with the help of a GPS using t...

The interpretation of well tests is a tool for the detection of well and reservoir problems, which based on the determination of several parameters such as permeability, skin, average reservoir pressure, flow capacity (kh ), effective length, boundary reservoir, and type of wellbore storage, etc. The knowledge of these parameters will allow us to make the production forecast and the resolution of production problems. For this, We have chosen six production wells located in the Haoud Berkaoui oil field, the interpr...

Wettability as a rock-fluid interaction property is well recognized to affect the multiphase flow in hydrocarbons reservoirs. It impacts on the petrophysical properties of reservoir rock including relative permeability, capillary pressure, electrical properties and enhanced oil recovery. The three most commonly states are differed of wettability for hydrocarbon fields, these include: water wet, oil wet and mixed. USBM and Amott- Harvey laboratory methods are proposed as petroleum industry standards to estimate roc...

The aim of the article is to present a special model of emission changes compared to changes in the economic performance of EU countries. Because the expansion of international economic activity is associated with industrial structure and energy demands, governments must reexamine their policies that affect these urgent issues in the effort to achieve low air pollutants. The article deals with the relationship of GDP per capita and NOx emissions per capita. Within the examination of the growth or decline in NOx em...

The paper presents the experimental analysis of a small scale building model (1:30), tested into a wind tunnel with atmospheric boundary layer. The objective of the study is to determine the wind influence on the ventilation of a double skin faпїЅade channel (DSF). It was achieved by conceiving and implementation of an experimental program using a wind tunnel. During the experimental work the wind effect over the ventilation of the vertical channels of double skin faпїЅades is evaluated for multiple velocities. Fo...

X-ray absorption near-edge (XANES) spectroscopy is an effective modern tool that can provide unique information on local atomic structure (bond lengths and bond angles) of geological materials. To extract such information with high precision from experimental XANES spectra, advanced theoretical analysis based on supercomputer modeling is needed. XANES spectroscopy and computer modeling have been applied to investigate local atomic structure of some terrestrial and extraterrestrials geological materials. XANES iden...

Biogenic origin of the carbonate reef build-ups poses multiple questions associated with spatial porosity distribution in corresponding hydrocarbon reservoirs. Consequently, this paper focuses on 3D characterization of the voids observed within chosen carbonate samples. Not only the pore type and geometry are interpreted, but also the origin of pores is attempted to be resolved. Zechstein (Permian) biogenic reef carbonates were examined. The rocks have been withdrawn from the central part of the isolated Wielichow...

Sewage sludge ash, a by пїЅ product of municipal sewage sludge thermal utilization, is one of the complex anthropogenic and potentially useful materials. The innovative proposal of sewage sludge ash usage is to use it as a raw material for synthetic zeolites. This article shows results of zeolitization of sewage sludge ash by the direct hydrothermal method and the indirect fusion method. Zeolitization of sewage sludge ash was conducted at the activation time of 12 hours, the activation temperature of 60oC, the cry...

The Ashalchinsky bituminous field is located in the southeast of Tatarstan Republic, in south-east part (Volga-Ural region) of Russian platform. The Ufimian reservoir sandstones from above present productive layers blocked by caprocks of Kazanian claystones. Bituminous sandwich of greywacke, fine-grained, loose aggregate, cemented with bitumen. The study of sandstones by SEM analysis showed a high content of analcime - a mineral group of zeolites. Analcim forms crusts consisting of irregular crystal intergrowths. ...

A comparative study on the zeolitization of coal fly ash from thermo-power plant “Maritsa 3” (Dimitrovgrad) with KOH and NaOH solutions of different concentrations has been made. The initial materials have been activ ated by application of “conventional” method of hydrothermal treatment at temperatures near 100 °C, atmosphere pressure and liquid/solid ratio of 10 ml.g -1. Three concentration levels for KOH and four concentration levels for NaOH have been used. The initial fly ashes and the obtained zeolit...

A detailed study of the weathering products is an important step toward the comprehension of the complex processes opera ting in the environment of mine tailings. The identification of the carriers of the polluta nts is a prerequisite for the assessment of the contamination risk and a remediation or immobilization strategy. In this study, we describe sulfide oxidation processes and the resulting chemical composition of the weathering products within 2 tailing impoundme nts rich in Fe, Ca, Si, Ba and Al. Content of...

The present research is devoted to the analysis of the results obtained during the expeditions organized to study the conten t and distribution of heavy metals in atmospheric precipitation, river waters and so ils of the Northern Dv ina basin. At this paper the results of qua ntity calculations of heavy metals (Cd, Pb , Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Hg) which are arriving with atmospheric precip itation, surface run-off to the river and carrying out with river discharge to the White Sea are presented.

Anthropogenic activities produce a lot of chem ical, physical and bi ological pollutants, which penetrate by different ways into environment and influence the living organisms and ecosystems negatively. In present it does not exist universal method for environmental risk assessment. Most countries use various procedures in field of risk analysis oriented to the specific problem solutions close connected with the chosen factors, which have negative influences on the individual environmental parts. The paper deals w...

The ozone layer as a protective shield life on biosphere, have very oscillations from view point of quantity and volume. To be aware on vari ation of ozon e layer volume carries out via gauging of total ozone in gauge ozone station. In this research the climatic parameter effects have been investigated on total ozone variations in Isfahan gauge ozone station and shows that a part of ozone daily oscillations are associated with atmosphere circulation patterns in upper and middle levels. My review show that the valu...

This paper summarizes the results of laboratory experiments of the gasification process of waste polymers, with particular focus on monitoring the quantity and character of the resulting solid, liquid and gaseous products . Input materials such as tires, PC components, CDs, and tire mixtures with HDPE and PET were selected. The gaseous products were analyzed by gas chromatography, which were monitored following components: methane, ethylene, propa ne, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen. From the analysed...

The main objective was to study the removal of lead cations from aqueous solutions by sorption onto bentonite and its modificati ons. Modification included natrification by NaCl and intercalation by octadecylamine (ODA) in two different weight ratios. The sorption isotherms were described using the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The adsorptive capacities of the or iginal bentonite increased af ter the intercalation of ODA. Adsorption of Pb ions, calculated by the La ngmuir model, yielded 97.15mg of Pb ions on 1g ...

The objective of the work was a laboratory examination of biodegradation of sewage sludge from the Central Wastewater Treatment Plant (ГљДЊ OV) in Ostrava, which had undergone physical pre-treatment by means of a spark discharge or UV radiation. The laboratory tests made use of a bacterial mixture of Rhodococcus sp. and Pseudomonas putida.

The soil represents a triphasial poly-disperse system that can provide thriving conditions for various groups of invertebrates: aquatic organisms (protozoa, certain nematodes, rotifers) evolving in soil’s pores water f ilm, aerobic organisms (microarthropods) living in well aerated interstitial spaces with water saturation and m acrofauna (insects, larvae and lumbricidae), all generating a strong impact upon soil’s phases. The last two categories develop the greatest impact, thus their evaluation becomes of gr...

The biggest polluters of water resources are industrial waste water produced after various production technological processes. Within the industrial complex RTB Bor, the waste water are generated during the copper production process with negative impact on the environment, reflected in long-term contamination of soil with which they come into contact and accumulation of heavy metal ions in it, in inflow into surface water and mixing with ground water and their pollution. Directly, the most vulnerable are the Bor R...

This paper aims at studying some complex coagulants derived from the medium anionic polymer and medium cationic surfactant in order to evaluate the opportunity to use them in destabilizing and removing th e colloidal systems from water and wastewater. In this respect, medium anionic copolymers of acrylamide and sodium acrylate with commercial Preastol 2540, and a medium cationic surfactant derived from triethanolamine with commercial name of Tetranyl AT-7590 were used in order to obtain these complex coagulants. T...

The main aim of this work is to study the recovery of copper sulfate from mine waters at the Mining Company Bor. For the copper sulfate recovery was treated 91 m 3 Underground mine water, containing 0.3 g/l copper, 2.2 g/l iron at pH 3.2 and 37 m 3 Cerovo mine water, containing 0.5 g/l copper, 0.61 g/l iron at pH 4.5. The mine waters were mixed and prepared 128 m 3 mine solution (copper content 0.35 g/l, iron 1.74 g/l, pH 3.8), then are pre-treated chemically a nd physically for recovery pregnant solution. The fir...

Transport noise barriers are ecological struct ures that are designed and built along the roads (motorways, expressways and railways etc. ), in order to reduce the noise levels to the limit values for urban areas and in rooms of buildings. Assessment of the effectiveness of the barrier is carried out th eoretically, empirically or by a combination of both methods. To automate the design of th in noise barriers are created four modules from the series Screen *, which are part of the software package for acoustic ca...

Concrete and mortar made with Portland cement can be damaged when exposed to solutions containing sulphate. Waste water ofte n contains sulphuric bacteria, and so the piping is frequently damage due to sulphate attack. In case of concrete sewer pipes this phenomenon is caused mainly by the sulphur-o xidising and sulphate-reducing bacteria that are forming part of the biological circulation of sulphur and its compounds in biosphere. These bacteria take part in the dissimilatory part of this cycle and the bacterial ...