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To allow a truly in-situ elemental analysis, an Australian resource company commissioned the development and building of a down-the-hole deployable ED-XRF sensor. The instrument was designed to be deployable up to a depth of 30 m for drill holes of varying diameters as well as being run in a bench-top mode. Following the development and upon commissioning, the ED-XRF system was investigated in the laboratory for its suitability for use in the Iron Ore industry by using well characterised crushed iron ore samples, ...

Abrasive waterjet machining (AWJ) with its wide ranging applications, offers a variety of advantages. It is very effective in machining materials which are hard to machine such as steel, composites and stones etc. The efficiency of the cutting process depends on several factors (e.g. hydraulic, nozzle and cutting). Kerf geometry, depth of cut, surface roughness and material removal rate are often used as target parameters. Although, several researchers studied the influence of process parameters on different mater...

Helth, Safety and Environmental management program is a dynamic program prepared to exploitation oil and gas offshore. This project program is prepared to accorded ISO standard and Romanian Standard and regulation. This program is following action: proactive programs for the health and safety, identify the source of pollution,-Plan to reuse and recycling the disposal materials,-Enhance the safe management of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material in processing plants, - Prevent environmental pollution form the d...

Kosova is a country rich in coal, mainly lignite type and regarding to the reserves, it is ranked in the fifth place in the world. Estimated resources of lignite are average 12.7miliard tones, which are distributed in three main basins (Kosova, Dukagjin and Drenica). Approximately 50\% of entire country natural resources constitutes this type of coal. Thermo energetically installed power is 1478 MW , and lignite supply is from open pits, Mirash and Bardhosh with the use of lignite capacity of 16 million tones per ...

The goal of the work was verification of floatabilty of bituminous coal from mine Staszicz with different collectors (Flotalex and Montanol), which are generally used in coal cleaning plants in Czech Republic and Poland. From the flotation and petrological results follows that floatability of given coal is approximately equal at Flotalex and Montanol application.

Erenkoy magnesite deposits reside in Eskisehir and Bilecik provinces of northwestern Turkey. Local geology consists of metamorphites of blueschist facies in the base; ophiolitic rocks with mainly serpentinites, peridotites; ophiolitic melanges with a varying range of lithology: cherts, calcschists, blueschist rocks, limestone and on top of all these there are neogene sedimentary units that are mainly consisted of sandstone and clay formations. Magnesite deposits in the area are associated with ultramafic rocks: se...

Geoenvironmental analyses of tailing dams of Norilsk region, typification of hydrotechnical constructions on safety requirements and recommendations for stability providing were carried out. The results of investigations permitted to provide safety exploitation of tailing dams, improve the environmental situation in region and increase the efficiency of production.

An ultrasonic sound wave has been used in rock mechanics to determine rock properties for many years. Because it is a relatively simple, low-cost and non-destructive testing method compared to others. Water content, porosity, and cracks in the rocks structure are some of the most important parameters for P and S-wave speed. In Rocks, under uniaxial compression stress, the account of space inside the compressed rock is reduced while an ultrasonic sound waves speed is increased. However, after a certain level of com...

The main goal of a small scale stream sediments geochemical survey is to identify the promising areas for the further exploration in next steps of geochemical exploration. To achieve the target the thresholds value of each interested element within the geochemical sample must be specified at the first step. In this research it is attempted to use the raw geochemical data after pre-processing to delineate the anomalous area within the Khusf 1:50000 sheets which is located at 35 km west of Birjand at the south khora...

With contemporary development of computer techniques has been enabled execution of work by GPS satellite system in mining operations which GPS system serves for collection of data related with mining operations and explosive storage facilities. Today, these computers are part of standard equipments in the most part of mining operations. These systems offer a possibility of connection with tachograph, readers interested in the data of mining operations, measurement of coordinates by handheld GPS, transfer of data i...

A new practice has started to be implemented in Kosovo, in this south-eastern region of Europe, and it is 24-hour monitoring of vehicles and facilities with strategy for the development of mines in Kosovo with the help of GPS system. These vehicles and static facilities (the explosive storage) have a sophisticated system, which enables a precise monitoring of movements in and around them. Global Positioning System (GPS) currently presents the greatest achievements and application in the communication technology. B...

Most crude oils include paraffin that crystallize in low temperature to create cluster, precipitated in the form of sediments and making the free flow of oil more difficult. Such situations take place mainly in the autumn-winter season. Created sediments settle on the surfaces of mining equipment, pipes and reservoirs. This situation cause exploitation difficulties connected with increased flow resistance and in consequence decrease or lack of oil flow in pipelines. In order to protect of pipes and machinery again...

The great reserves and also convenient conditions for the use of coal represent very strong arguments for the justification of private capital investment in the energy sector of the Republic of Kosovo. The trend of living standard increase, development of industry and market demands within the South-East Europe pose the need for the construction of new power generation capacities. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is the introduction of possibilities for the coal supply of generation capacities up to 2000 MW in...

Recent trends in the ornamental industry have increased the use of granite for various decorative applications owing to its outstanding mechanical properties and multicolor. Machining of granites with conventional systems is costly. Therefore, new technologies are being developed for cutting and processing applications of granites. Abrasive waterjet cutting (AWJ) is one of the non-traditional machining processes that have been used extensively in various industrial applications. It enables to cut materials being h...

During the production and service to the humanity of mine resources that are needed both by industry and construction of new grand buildings and plants that are the basic news of the modern world parallel to the urbanization and the increase in population, it is known that, like it has been in the past and will be in the future, works of excavation by blastings are inevitable. In order to designate the effects of the blastings on surrounding area, measurements of concussion and air shocks are very important. This ...

The main goal of core analysis is to reduce uncertainty in reservoir evaluation by providing data representative of the reservoir at in-situ conditions. Core analysis has to be integrated with field and production data to minimize reservoir uncertainties that cannot be addressed with other data sources such as well logging, well testing or seismic. These requirements define the coring objectives, core handling and core analysis scheme. These objectives cannot be achieved by coring a single well. Coring program is ...

In this project there have been considered management opportunities of the explosion material in ways of work safety, the setting and affects of this material in case of its activation without our approval. Site safety of the explosive material, its potential energy, its activation and its force depend on time reaction. Displayed are thermodynamic diagrams as well as the exchange of potential energy into the suppression force and underground storage facilities dimensioning of the explosive material as well as the ...

Ornamental stone sawability is important in predicting the prime cost of production and planning of the stone quarries and factories. Ornamental stone sawability with two standard methods, wire and circular sawing, is dependent on many parameters including; the stone that be sawn and machine characteristics and saw operating characteristic. The investigation of these parameters and the determination of the optimum working conditions for sawing machines in the stone industry is significant for establishing the most...

This paper is the result of research by the project of the Ministry of Science and Technological Development No 17005 R. Serbia. Some of the results of this collaboration are presented in this paper. The project No 17005 (2008-2010) was carried out research in the locality Subotinac (Aleksinac oil shales deposit). Some of the results of this collaboration are presented in this paper.

Several important characteristics such as suitable parent rocks, hydrodynamics system for carrying uranium complexes and pervious sedimentary layers play key role for transportation and deposition of soluble uranium. In this paper, we present the results of investigations of parent rocks and host rock of sedimentary uranium in Razgah region to examine intrusive of nepheline syenite in Razgah together with surrounding sedimentary units with regard of sedimentary uranium mineralization. Razgah nepheline syenite loca...

The oil and gas platform is a both structures and equipment. The life of offshore platforms included different phases like: design, construction, commissioning, operation, maintenance, decommissioning and disposal. Each one of these actions may originate project and or specific activity. The jobs of platform for every activities, is in a different period ands and different operator. This paper, provide information by the life and operation of offshore platforms, based to the optimization of engineering and economi...

In this study, the relationship between ground vibration, particle size distribution and energy distribution caused by blasting were investigated. For this purpose, ground vibrations were measured by using ground vibration monitors, Seismic Energies were calculated according to ground vibrations and particle size distribution were analyzed by using Split Desktop software. After these measurements and simulation, The relationship between PPV and SD which is the most widely used relationship in literature to predict...

Increasing of greenhouse gas emissions in atmosphere has caused the raises of global temperatures. Between the greenhouse gases, methane is the second highest contributor to greenhouse gases. Main activities causing methane emissions are enteric fermentation, oil and natural gas systems, coal mining, manure management, rice cultivation and land filling. Methane is released from surface and underground coal mines as a result of production activities. Underground coal mines are responsible for majority of methane em...

The tailing dumps of concentrating mills are specific ground massifs in pe5rmafrost areas. Such massifs impact on the geological environment. They are the important deposits, namely the sources of the rare metals in the Norilsk industrial area. The process engineering of the permafrost tailing dump mining is discussed in this paper based on the study of the artificial cryolythogenesis.

The environmental burdens, representing mainly the objects after the end of mining activity, heaps and setting pits, old landfills and areas of industrial companies, belong to most serious environmental problems in Slovakia today. The disposal of old environmental burdens is usually solved at the regional level, but some activities regarding the disposal are coordinated from the central level. The article deals primarily with issue of old environmental burdens from mining activity, which is marked by higher level ...

The purpose of this study is to synthesize zinc borate by using ulexite and to increase efficiency with producing boric acid. In this study, zinc borate production was carried out with two stages. In first stage, boric acid was synthesized from ulexite, in second stage, zinc borate was synthesized from boric acid which was obtained in first stage. When boric acid is synthesized in first stage to produce zinc borate, sodium sulphate and calcium sulphate are separated and they may be evaluated for different applicat...

Preliminary investigation of mineralizations of Thenardite associated with sulfate occurrences in \cCayırhan – Beypazarı, Ankara is presented. Local geology consists of Paleozoic metamorphite schists, Permo-triassic granitic rocks, Middle Jurassic – Upper Cretaceous limestones and marls in flysch facies, Paleocene aged land sedimentaries and marine Eocene units, Miocene to Pliocene aged lacustrine units, which sodium sulfates are associated to. Thenardite, Glauberite and Mirabilite minerals have been detecte...

Petrophysics (physics of rocks) is a branch of Natural Science which studies physical properties and behavior of rocks, their change regularity and mechanism, and properties interrelationship. Determination of thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and heat capacity is one of the most significant problems in petrophysics. It is necessary for solving a wide range of issues related to natural and artificial thermal fields in the Earth crust: predictions of abyssal temperatures, oil and gas exploration and prospec...

Hydraulic impact hammers are one of the mechanical excavators that can be economically used in tunneling projects under favorable geologic conditions. However, there is relatively less published material in the literature directed to their performance prediction in terms of rock properties. In tunnel drivage projects, there is often the need for accurate means of performance prediction of related mechanical excavators. A poor prediction of machine performance can lead to very costly contractual claims. In this stu...

The completion string is the most important component in petroleum production system and should be designed and installed precisely, and maintained properly. If the well suffers scale production problem the importance is multiplied. In this study the four major completion techniques commonly used for non-organic depositions is introduced. The subject has been case studied for one of southern Iranian oil wells with inorganic material production problem. The simulations were run using the Prosper software, and were ...

Determining the optimal location of wells with the aid of an automated search method can significantly increase a project’s net present value as modeled in a reservoir simulator. This work addresses the efficient solution of this problem by using advanced techniques for coupling two important components of autonomic optimization: Dynamic model using Eclipse simulator software (E100), an optimization technique based on the genetic algorithm (GA). Profits and costs during the time period of the project were taken ...

Discontinuities such as beddings, faults and joint sets usually have important role in rock slope stability analysis. Indeed, they can change a rock mass to a blocky system. First of all, in the application of different slope stability analysis methods, the blocks must be absolutely determined in geometrical shape and defined in form of polyhedron. A 3D geometrical model of jointed rock mass, including a set of simulated geotechnical blocks, can be generated considering constraints of the model boundaries and geom...

Reservoir fracturing or fissuring is a natural phenomenon and a major factor in many Oil engineering studies. The factors that cause the Reservoir to fracture were analyzed in Tabnak Anticline, in Fars province of Iran using the borehole images information (EMI). A nonlinear simulation and assessment model of reservoir fracturing was established using the artificial neural network (ANN) technology to simulate the structure and function of the neural network (NN) of the human brain with engineering technology. The ...

There are some limitations and constraints in application of algorithms developed to optimize open pit limits. Therefore, it is normal to develop new algorithms to decrease existing limitations and increase their capabilities. In this paper, the key group concept which mainly use for stability slope analysis is used to develop a new algorithm named “KG-PLO” to optimize open pit limits. The KG-PLO is implemented on an especial type of the economic block model of the mining area. The algorithm can present the tr...

The environmental problems arising from ground vibration has been faced and discussed frequently in various industries such as quarry, mining, civil works, shaft, tunneling, pipe line and dam construction etc. where the blasting operations are unavoidable. In bench blast design, not only the technical and economical aspects, such as block size, uniformity and cost, but also the elimination of environmental problems resulting from ground vibration and air blast should be taken into consideration. One of the fundame...

Rising operating costs of truck haulage in deep open-pit mines, have forced them to apply new methods. The most common method is using an in-pit crusher and conveying the ore and/or waste out of the pit .This method has been successfully implemented in several large open-pit mines. In deep mines it may be necessary to move the crusher and reinstall it in new location(s). This paper offers an approach to determine these location(s). The approach is simply to propose various alternatives and calculate related costs ...

Since a very long time ago, men have paid a very especial attention to underground spaces. Stone Age men used to take them as shelters and the contemporary human has applied them in several ways. Caverns are large underground spaces which are excavated in hard rock. Nowadays, engineers’ attention has been drawn to the application of caverns in order to expand the urban areas due to the civil developments and the lack of enough spaces on the surface. On the other hand, caverns have turned to become multi-purpose ...

This paper introduces two methods, one is the element Concentration-perimeter and the other is power spectrum- perimeter method, for separating geochemical anomalies from background based on fractal approach. The variability of the element concentration and power spectrum as a function of perimeter from sample sites reveals two different fractal distributional patterns acting within two scale ranges. Therefore, these methods can be used to effectively separate geochemical anomalous areas from background. We compar...

Advanced mathematical theories like fuzzy set theory play an increasingly important role in exploration and assessment of mineral deposit. A method based on this theory, Fuzzy C-means Clustering, is presented to determine the background of the elements. In the following research, Fuzzy C-means Clustering (FCMC) method is applied to quantify the lithological background in Khouni Mountain, Central Iran. By applying this method, 254 stream sediment samples classified into 4 clusters according to the membership degree...

The purpose of this study has been assessment of capability of Artificial Neural Networks in Gas Lift Operations optimization, which is in use for improved oil recovery from oil wells. This in detail is in fact estimation of the two most important parameters of the process, i.e. optimal injection depth and optimal gas injection rate. For gas lift, gas is injected continuously or intermittently at selected location(s), resulting in a reduction in the natural flowing gradient of the reservoir fluid, and thus reducin...

Mineral Resource management (MRM) is defined as a holistic view on mining activities at firm levels to optimise the use of these non-renewable resources. In this paper, after reviewing of related terms about MRM such as sustainable development, we combined MRM objectives at firm with government responsibilities on mine sector management, and a new applicable cause and effect framework was proposed. This framework which is based on sustainable development satisfies both of firm objectives and the governmental respo...

In continuous gas lift, gas may be injected continuously or intermittently, depending on the producing characteristics of the well and the arrangement of the gas-lift equipment. Being somehow an ancient tool with an age of over a century, gas lift is though still a challenging problem when overall optimization is the concern. When the injection gas is of a limited supply the problem is finding the best gas allocation scheme. However there are increasingly emerging cases in certain geographic localities where the g...

The North part of Kashmar is located about 250 Km Southwest of Mashhad, Northeast Iran. It is part of the structural Darouneh fault zone and contains rhyolitic, andesitic, pyroclastic and lava flows. Based on results obtained from AFM and Miyashiro diagrams the igneous rocks classified as a subalkaline and calcalkaline. From the data obtained the Kashmar strike-slip fault geometry (distribution of shear fractures such as R,RЛґ,P surfaces, Riedel structures) plays an important role in controlling the location and e...

Continuously increasing demand for energy resources drives petroleum industry to search in very deep waters, drilling very deep wells, encountering adverse conditions of pressures and temperatures and thus having to resolve a multitude of problems. In many cases, the problems can be attributed to the performance of drilling fluids which then presents challenges to drilling fluid industry. Such problems include poor hole cleaning, high pressure losses, loss circulation zones, fluid gelation, reservoir fluid invasio...

Pillars are key structural columns in underground mining. They are usually made of in situ intact ores and do not have additional reinforcements. Their main function is temporary or permanent support of ore ceiling of rooms during excavation and mining. Coal pillar strength is usually estimated according to empirical formulae obtained from field observations. Todays, numerical models have found increasing use in pillar design. The FLAC3D Software based Mohr-Coulomb Strain Softening (MCSS) failure criterion was use...

Submitted paper describes collector of the quaternary sediments and the simulation of the groundwater in this collector. The interest area is situated to the central part of the North Bohemian Brown Coal Basin in the Czech Republic. There is one of the biggest coals opencast mine called CSA in the Czech Republic. The groundwater flow in the quaternary sediments brings in consequence great stability problem of the upper overburden cuts. We decided to construct the three dimensional geological model of the quaternar...

The North-Western Bohemia region takes a unique position in the history of mining in the Czech Republic. Several ore districts are situated here, the welfare of which influenced the development of the Czech state in some periods. Some precious stones mining was also significant. Today the North-Bohemian Basin area is known for its largest Czech brown coal deposit. The history of mining has been mainly linked to three large ore districts in the North- Western Bohemia region. Jachymov is the most important one. It u...

Anatolia was one of the centers of marble production and trade especially in antique ages.Quarries that provided the marble used in the majestic structures in huge proportions of the antique era were located mostly in Western Anatolia .Marmara Island is in the Northwest Anatolia,Marmara Sea took its name from “Marmaro”,meaning marble in Greek ;it contains the most important white marble quarries and was the most important export center especially during Roman period.Quarries where the bluish Marmara Marble was...

To many countries heavy metal pollution is a problem related with areas of intensive mining activities and industry. Extensive exploitation of metallic minerals in the territory of Kosovo from antiquity until now days effected on environmental and river flows plane pollution. During September/November 2006 in Kizhnica/Artana was done stream sediment sampling (304 samples) main attention on precious metals (Au, Ag) and base metals (Zn, Pb, Cu). The stream sediment survey area is situated ESE of Prishtina with an ex...

According to an multidisciplinary approach based on survey, analysis and labor work, this study work attempts to tease out some valuable lessons, strategies and guidelines which should be connected to environmental management in Kosovo, a new born state with no effective environmental management in the past. The study focuses on the environmental impact that a huge dormant lead and zinc mining facility, named Trepca causes. The fact that Kosovo is very rich with sulphide minerals shows the potential for mine water...