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Temperature is a primary factor affecting the rate of plant development. Extreme temperature events have become more intense, more frequent, and longer in recent years. Extremely high and low temperatures may have a detrimental impact on the productivity of trees in critical phases of their development. The work presents the results of phenological observations of two broadleaved tree species: European hazel (Corylus avellana L.) and sessile oak (Quercus petraea Matt.) with the main emphasis on the impact of the t...

Haloxylon aphyllum Minkw. (Black Saxaul) is the main brush-forest-forming species in Kazakhstan. While the latter is a rain-fed shrub principally distributed on sand dunes, the former is a phreatophyte, which uses groundwater as water source. Accordingly, Black Saxaul is mainly distributed on the current and ancient alluvial river terraces. Saxaul played and still plays an important role as fodder plant and fuel wood for herders. The Black Saxaul (Haloxylon aphyllum Minkw.) is the principal arboreal taxon of the c...

The aim of this study was experimental assessing the emission of greenhouse gasses (CO2, CH4) from decomposed coarse woody debris in northern boreal forests of Siberia, where the main forest-forming species is larch (Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr.). Logs samples were collected in northern boreal larch forests of Central Evenkia (64пїЅN, 100пїЅE) at different stages of decomposition and placed in gas-tight boxes. Gas samples were measured in dynamics: at the beginning of the experiment and after 3 hour, 24 hours, aft...

In particular, Sub-Sahara Africa and UgandaпїЅs energy sector is dominated by biomass, which contributes over 90% of the total expendable energy. Herein firewood and charcoal contribute more than 85%. The main use of biomass energy is cooking and or heating either as firewood or charcoal majorly by local households. There is also huge demand from commercial activities such as the production of bricks and some factories. In many areas, biomass continues to be the energy source of choice due to unavailability or una...

Close-range photogrammetry (CRP) represents very perspective technology for many fields. It can provide results comparable to terrestrial laser scanning, and the hardware is still much cheaper. Our research group is developing low-cost CRP device based on Raspberry Pi 3 computer. Raspberry Pi 3 is a single-board computer with relatively high computing power and low price. In connection with a touchscreen, Pi Camera module v2.1 (Sony IMX219, 8Mpx) and powerbank it becomes a portable device for imagery. Continuous s...

The forest canopy cover is an important element of forest inventories and it represents the proportion of the ground covered by the vertical projection of the tree crowns. Traditional ground-based methods cannot be efficient in measuring the vertical projection of the tree crowns and in accurately making determinations of forest canopy cover percentage in stands of over a few hectares. The purpose of the current paper is to present the potential of a new approach for forest canopy cover determination that is based...

The goal of given research is to identify the tendencies of development of ecotourism in the forests on protected areas in Georgia, evaluate of government tourism policy, bring out the key problems and elaborate the solutions for them. The research was inspired by problems that are related to the illegal cuts of trees and other interruptions of rational nature management caused by low involvement of local population in the economic processes related to the forests. Ecotourism could be considered, as a most effecti...

Key element of any soil environmental monitoring is correct reference site. In such big object of monitoring as Moscow megalopolis it cannot be only one reference site but in any case their number must be very limited and each monitoring site have to be very well validated by the previous monitoring investigated data. One of the best candidate for official local reference site of soil environmental monitoring in the northern part of Moscow is the central core of the Forest Experimental Station of the Russian Timir...

After 1990, when Romania changed its political regime, many changes registered in the economic field. The new economic system had to experience the new form of transition from a Centralized to the Capitalism new one. The forestry field had been affected too, and it should adapt to the new conditions of the economic market demand. In the new economic conditions, it should adapt the offer with the demand. Taking into account the natural conditions, the tradition of wood processing and the predominance of the forest ...

Agriculture, regarded as one of the oldest occupations of mankind, practiced by different techniques and differentiated means according to the general level of development, is still the main socio-economic supporter at the level of the analyzed area. If in Romania's "agricultural past" the attention was concentrated on maximum, immediate and "indifferent" production, at present, under the action of international politics, there are remarkable administrative, organizational and technical capitalist nuances, dictate...

This paper presents current research done under the GEMINI (Geospatial monitoring of green infrastructure using terrestrial, airborne and satellite imagery) project. GEMINI is a scientific project of the Faculty of Geodesy, University of Zagreb and Croatian Forest Research Institute funded by the Croatian science foundation. The project aims to explore new knowledge about the green infrastructure (GI) monitoring. The study area of the research is the capital of Croatia, the city of Zagreb. One of the main goals of...

The study investigates the degree of heavy-metals contamination of a non-timber forest species in terms of food chain contamination (plants-animals/plants-man) in an area with a historical pollution in the context of ceasing the main activity of the major air pollutant, Sometra S.A. Copsa Mica, since 2009. The heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd) content in common blackberry (leaf and fruit), was determined in eleven sampling areas located at different distances and altitudes, in the forestry area surrounding the city...

Forest plays a multifaceted role, which is determined by its economic, ecological and social values; therefore, sustainable forestry development has to ensure a balanced use of all the values. For the first time in Latvia, the situation in hunting management was analysed, assessing the level of safety and traumatism. The research aim is to assess safety in the process of hunting and the real situation in Latvia. The research found that the most dangerous kinds of hunting were hound hunting and waterbird hunting du...

The contribution is focused on problematics of the impact of weather conditions to the phenological phases of broadleaved trees (Quercus robur L., Fagus sylvatica L., Tilia cordata Mill., Prunus spinosa L.) at the selected research areas in central Slovakia. There were recorded a 10% incidence of falling and yellowing leaves on a group of ten trees selected species. Factors taken in account were rainfall data, the number of tropical days and the length of growing season (June пїЅ August). The significant differenc...

The article is devoted to the improvement of circular saw machines with pneumatic drive of cutting mechanism. Currently, circular saws are widely used for producing of sawn timber because they have high productivity. The drive of saw blades more often is carried out by electric motors through additional transmission (gear, belt, etc.). In the recent literature are offered technical solutions, in which as a drive of circular saws provided by using of pneumatic. Energy source interacts with the circular saw will all...

In western Romania, respectively the lowland area of this region the main grassland habitats are steppe and forest steppe grassland. Most of the land from this region is arable, the grassland patches being scattered in variable surfaces near to the inhabited area. These are used mainly for grazing by the cattle and flocks of the community. Some small grassland surfaces are mown for hay. Most of the arable land is cultivated in an intensive manner, this agricultural practice influencing the biotope and biocoenose o...

Silver birch is economically important tree species in Latvia. Currently most of clearcuts in stands of this tree species are regenerated naturally, however, there is an increasing demand of birch plants. Around 5 mil. plants are produced in Latvia annualy, exceeding the amounts in other countries in the region. With a goal to intensity the forest management, while propagating only the best genotypes and reducing initial spacing in order to ensure large radial increment, recently testing of vegetatively propagated...

In this study the intra-site variations in climatic signal observed in tree rings of larch from the Polish Carpathian Mountains were analyzed. To identify the differences between tree-ring growth of particular trees within each of analyzed sites, the descriptive analysis, visualizations, Factor Analysis (FA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Independent Component Analysis were used. For evaluating observed differences the clustering methods (k-mean, EM, c-mean, Kohonen Artificial Neural Network) with ANOVA a...

Currently, in connection with the deterioration of the environmental conditions, the per-son experiences daily stress. There is a growing need to improve the immu-Niceta people in vitamins, microelements and biologically active substances. Traditional means of im-mune support due to the low efficiency pale into insignificance. Therefore, growing de-mand for environmentally safe products medicinal plant with a high content of vitamins and biologists-cally active substances such as Panax ginseng. Ginseng is known to...

In this article we consider the opportunity of the use of tree-ring ?13C carbon isotope composition records for detecting and recognizing changes in forest ecosystems in the south of the West Siberian Plain where the growth conditions for conifer trees are generally optimal. Trees grow in the closed stands. The wood of Larix sibirica and Pinus sylvestris trees was chosen as object of our research. The values of carbon isotope composition (?13?) were measured in tree ring cellulose and lignin of Larix sibirica and ...

Protected natural areas are ideal for monitoring relatively undisturbed natural development of both inorganic and organic parts of ecosystem. The stock-taking of species occurring in the nature reserve is not only crucial to maintain the function of natural reserve, but also to monitor the development of species spectrum, as well as the diversity and succession under conditions relatively undisturbed by anthropogenic factors. Prosisko nature reserve was established in 1998 in order to protect forest ecosystems wit...

To combat climate change increase in carbon sink or forest cover is most important adaptation technique. India has committed to create additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent by 2030 in Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) submitted to Paris meet COP 21 (Conference Of Parties). A IPCC Tier II analysis of different mangrove sites of India will give a better snapshot of role of mangrove cover as carbon sinks to combat climate change and to achieve national target of carbon s...

The tree height, as the vertical distance between the base of the tree and the tip of the highest branch of the tree, represents a key element of forest inventories. In stands where the number of trees is high, the traditional in-situ methods can be time-consuming and can have difficulties in measuring accurately. In this study we present the potential of a low-cost commercial drone-based method of tree height measurement that could be implemented in the sustainable management of forests. Aerial images were acquir...

Data characterizing biological productivity of wooden layer in dark coniferous forests secondary succession stands of southern taiga subzone of West Siberian continental sector have been given. Thus, the obtained data prove that ecosystems of the same age group which vary in type of root vegetation forming, developing under the similar vitality conditions (temperature, moisture and nutrition) form different organic matter stores in phytomass. The wooden layer phytomass of secondary birch stands accumulates almost ...

Every year wildfires during the dry and hot summer season cause serious damage in agro-forest systems in Mediterranean area. Preventive measures are the most important issue in order to ensure agricultural production and sustainable tourism. One of preventive measures is planting of vegetation fire protection belts by using a low flammable plant species. Among low flammable plant species carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L., family of Fabaceae, subfamily of Caesalpinioideae) have special position. The carob tree grows...

In our paper we deal with the evaluation and comparison of precipitation totals and interception in living and dead climax spruce stands at a research plot of ?ervenec during the non-vegetation periods (from approximately October to May) in the years 2012 - 2016. The difference in interception was analysed from October 2012 because during the summer 2012 the forests in the area died due to the infestation by the spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus). The research site is located in the Western Tatras (Slovakia) in ...

The research aim is to estimate the profit a forest owner can earn per full forest rotation cycle from forest stands of dominant coniferous species in Latvia, selling both the assortment of logs and biomass (BM) from final felling. The research analysed the situation in privately managed forests, composed of the coniferous species пїЅ Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) and Scots pine (Pinus syllvestris L.) пїЅ in different forest types in Latvia. The calculation of revenue from forest product sales took into account b...

The research aim is to identify a financial gain a forest owner can make from the management of a deciduous forest stand in Latvia provided that the stand is logged at the final (clear) felling age and the revenue is earned selling the wood as roundwood assortments and residue biomass or only as biomass (BM). The present research analysed the situation with forests owned by natural persons of the Republic of Latvia and identified the amounts of revenue a forest owner can earn growing deciduous пїЅ birch, black ald...

The forest is generally recognized as a major environmental and stabilizing factor in the country. Its stability is currently significantly influenced by changing climatic conditions. They are an important factor in a determining species composition of forest ecosystems, as well as ecophysiological and production processes directly linked to the overall performance and stability of forest stands. Dry summer months and warmer winters with negative anthropogenic activities actually create more favorable conditions f...

In this paper we will describe a novel approach for forest management that includes remote sensing based monitoring, simulation and planning. When we think about sustainable forest management, it is important to know the vital facts about the forest, especially the annual increment of the timber volume for each forestry unit. A terrestrial census could deliver the required information, but it is too expensive to be carried out frequently. The alternative is a census based on remote sensing data. In this area we ob...

One of the main factors influencing the accuracy of the obtained lumber is the rigidity and stability of saws. In the process of sawing woodcutting tools heated. This phenomenon can cause a loss of rigidity and stability of saws. A log frames and band saws negative influence of heating can be compensated the additional tension and setting directing. Particular importance is the heating of circular saws due to the appearance of a temperature gradient along the radius in the process of sawing wood. Upon reaching the...

The paper presents some aspects about the biodiversity of the forest habitats and species adaptations to the ecological conditions on the shore of Danube river. The territory under research is located along the Danube river, in the Southern of Dolj County, between localities Rast and Gighera. Related to the humidity, temperature and soil reaction, the flora of the forest habitats of this region has a hygrophilous, meso-hygrophilous, mesophilous, meso-thermal, and slightly acido-neutrophilus character. Following th...

The aim of this study is to analyze the deforestation process from Mehedin?i, Dolj and Olt counties, three of the most important counties in the southwestern part of Romania. We should consider the big challenge (as a global phenomenon of aridization) that the humanity must fight and manage, at the beginning of the 21st century. Evolution of deforestation process in the study area shows a continuous increase, because the high demand for wood mass and timber in industry and exports. The methods used to analyze the ...

Growing a healthy, stable and quality forest stands while using their products in the most effective way possible is the primary aim of every forest manager, as well as the forestпїЅs owner, considering the fact that wood mass is still the most important source of income for the forest management in Slovakia. As a result of wood logging and conversion, a significant amount of waste wood mass is left over in the forest, manipulation sites, wood stocks, warehouses and saw pits. The waste wood, consisting of pieces o...

Because wood ash resulted from furnace facilities destined to solve the problem of wood debris, are cumulated in large amounts, the problem of an alternative to their storage is increasingly important. A using possibility, if free of harmful constituents, is their administration as soil fertilizer/amendment may be taken into consideration. This experiment was conducted in order to emphasize the effect of using ash resulted from oak debris burning in facilities destined to this aim, as soil fertilizer, administered...

In general, there is no natural soil surface that would not be threatened by water erosion. However, a number of methods that estimate the erosive soil risk incorrectly exclude forests and flat agricultural land from the category of areas vulnerable to water erosion. Forests are known for their soil protection functions, when a dense tree canopy interrupts precipitation and decreases the kinetic energy of water drops falling on the soil surface. Moreover, the top organic soil layer in forests has a very good infil...

The article presents the evaluation of the stability of vegetation in forest ecosystems, in places of mass rest in the woods on a lake in the littoral zone of pine forests of the Mari El Republic. Studies have shown that the amount of coniferous undergrowth ranges from 0.016 thousand PCs/ha to 0,104 thousand pieces/ha, and does not provide the initial stage of the formation of dark coniferous young growths. For deciduous species, mainly birch, in some cases, aspen is characterized by intensive growth, which preven...

At European level it has been underlined the fact that the influence of climate changes on the productivity of the Scots pine will have a significant negative impact, which will lead in turn to important economic losses. According to the IUCN classification, in some vegetation areas from Romania, the Scots pine presents a high vulnerability to climate changes. Taking into account that the analysis of tree rings offers objective information on the way trees react to climate variation at spatial and temporal level, ...

In a forest ecosystem pine plantations, the National Park lower Kama Natural expansion of the path network and Parking areas, is characterized by an increase of stages of digression that slows down all the process of development of components of forest natural complexes. With the increase in recreational forest use and loads increases the number of trees with mechanical damage. Traumatized trees colonized by pests and diseases. There is a decrease in the number of healthy trees and an increasing number of worst . ...

The article shows methodology and principles of the system monitoring and integrated assessment of forestlands on the basis of the submission of such lands as a source of biological resources (including wood) and also as environment-forming and social functions source. Systematic monitoring of forestland is expressed in observations, assessment (in physical indicators) and prediction of all its natural resources potential. Scientific principles for a comprehensive assessment of forestlands include justification fo...

Forest resource is the most important natural resource. The Leningrad Region is one of the most developed subjects of the Russian Federation according to economic indicators. Logging, wood processing and timber exports are carried out in the region due to the reserves of forest resources. The consumption of forest resources should not exceed the productive natural forces. Improving forest management, ensuring rational use of forests, maintaining the ecological potential of the forest fund are essential aims. The s...

For unused agricultural land afforestation are several aims like, rational land use, rural landscape diversification, decrement of environment pollution, increasing recreation possibilities and other but also can be established or special purposes planted forest stands as plantation forest. In Latvia during year 2015 State Forest Service (VMD) registered 3.4 thou. ha of afforested agricultural land and 2.7 thou. ha were registered as plantation forests. Aim of research is to analyse sanitary condition of agricultu...

Croatian territory is located at the transition region of Southeast Europe and the Mediterranean. Stretching through this area, Croatian territory is increasingly affecting dry periods affecting Europe. The task of this study was to perform analysis of ecosystems using MODIS products. Due to the large amount of data work was created using GIS tools for ease of reference in the data. The paper detailing the purpose and process of making it would be easier to interpret. Conclusions contribute to a better understandi...

In the present paper theme of estimation of forest susceptibility take on degradation was taken. Until this time this problem wa sn’t identified enough in literature (see Kowalkowska i in., 1995). That is the reason why author concentrates on presentation of new proposal of system of estimate forest state. Forests has been analyzed as elements of natural environments (system). In such captivation it is possible to follow co-dependences and interactions individual components between them. The investigative area w...

Thermophillous oak forests include considerable area of forest within Kosovo. Lie on altitude 300-1200 m. In the mountainous massifs where the greatest impact continental climate, these forests developed mainly in southern and southwestern expositions. These forests except the Central European plant species are rich with Mediterranean and Submediterranean species. These forests belong to the class Querco-Fagetea , to the ordo Quercetalia pubescentis and to the alliances: Ostryo-Carpinion orientalis , Quercion frai...

Association Quercetum trojanae dukagjini in Kosovo as relict and refugial phytocoenosis is preserved only in some specific localities: near Pashtrik, Koritnik, Oshlak and some individuals in complex of Carralevas Mountains near Theranda. The altitude of these grounds is from 300 to 900 m (1000 m). Geological composition is made of limestone rocks. The pedological cover is red earth (terra rosa). The phytocenosis is under the Mediterranean climate, which comes through the valley of the Drini i Bardh\"e River. Phyto...

The anthropic intervention is strongly felt in T\^argoviЕџte Plain. Here, man has turned most of the forest into land for agriculture, constructions, ways of communication, etc. In the past, in T\^argoviЕџte Plain, oak forests thrived because of the favorable conditions provided by the water-bearing structures situated near the surface and by the plain relief. Today, the forests of T\^argoviЕџte Plain represent nothing else but the remains of the old forest, where the wood vegetation finds however good recovery co...