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The influence of fertilization with nitrogen (N) at doses of 40, 80, 120, 160 kg/ha and phosphorus (P) at doses of 40, 80, 120, 160 kg/ha was studied in a long-term experiment on a Haplic Phaeozems. The results obtained showed the following: the applied nitrogen doses did not significantly influence the humus content in the soil; simultaneous application of 80-160 kg/ha P and 40-160 kg/ha N generated distinctly and very significant increases in the hummus and total nitrogen content of the soil. Ammonium nitrate ca...

Among the key factors and the physical-geographical conditions of the environment in which plants grow and are harvested, the soil presents a major component, which has the role, on the one hand, of a complex indicator of the evolution of characteristics that determine the growth of plants and, on the other hand, of a depository of the influence of all other conditions and factors, faithfully and continuously recording all the phenomena occurred in a certain place and time. This is illustrated by the level of must...

Our investigation has been focused on establishing the slowing down plant growth at the border of polytunnels. In order to determine the limiting factors of plant growth, we have conducted studies on soil properties, entomofauna and soil mesofauna. The research has been carried out in several polytunnels located in North Eastern Romania (Bac?u, Ia?i, B?rlad, F?lticeni, H?rl?u, T?rgu Frumos, Matca-Tecuci) In the field were developed and characterized soil profiles and samples were taken to determine the states of c...

This study aimed to establish if the dried shredded leaves of Acer platanoides could represent an adequate food for earthworm Eisenia fetida (Savigny 1826) (red wiggler worm). The study was carried out in laboratory conditions and its aims were to determine the influence of this food on three biological parameters of earthworm Eisenia fetida (survival, weight, and prolificacy), and to reveal the changes appearing into the soil in the presence of this earthworm species, fed or not with shredded leaves of Acer plata...

One of the ways to study the evolution of natural environment, in particular, the soil cover is a comprehensive study of soils buried under archaeological sites. Comparative analysis of the properties of paleosols buried in different historical epochs allows us to examine in detail the spatial and temporal dynamics of the natural environment and its components in time. The use of such comparative analysis is possible because the burial of soil under embankments of defensive ramparts, burial mounds and cultural lay...

The aim of his research finds its origins in today?s increasingly scientific and practical preocupation regarding regarding the accumulation of knowledge regarding the characteristics of the natural frame and its local peculiarities, as elements that define Land Fund structure and quality of soils to determine the specifics of the ecological productivity of land and the possible pressure on them. The importance of the subject derives from the fact the theme tackled between the factors and environmental conditions ...

There is a close relationship between the soil characteristics and the parent material. Especially in arid and semi-arid regions where climate and vegetation cover are limited, soil properties are controlled by the parent material. Rock units which have different mineralogical, petrographical and geochemical features representing different parts of the ophiolitic sequence are widely seen in the vicinity of Kahramanmara? province. The ophiolite in the north of Kahramanmara? is generally represented by oceanic crust...

The increasing anthropogenic load has a large impact on the ecological state of the steppe landscape. In particular, the emissions from the automobile transport: heavy metals, oil products and complex organic substances inevitably pollute the territories along the roads. The presence of forest belts in the roadside landscape reduces the negative impact of the traffic flow. The assessment of the consequences of the anthropogenic impact presupposes studying the changes in the physical and chemical properties of the ...

The Homor?ciu River watershed is being a subject to complex phenomena of surface and gully erosion, fluvial erosion, as well as alteration of the vertical and horizontal route of Homor?ciu, generating landslides. The main purpose for which land improvement works were designed and executed in a torrential catchment was to ensure the stability of the slopes, so, to actually ensure the stability of the entire river basin. Through the execution of the soil erosion works on the torrential hydrographic formations it was...

Mesofauna is the most numerous part of soil animals. Mesofauna, along with other soil organisms, can be used as a bioindicator. In addition to the high abundance, tangible biomass and widespread occurrence, the mesofauna is characterized by the ability to respond quickly to changes in the ecosystem, the availability of species identification and the possibility of using the quantitative characteristics associated with the availability of standard conventional isolation methods for comparison. The inhabitants of th...

In this study, total heavy metal distributions in serpentinite soils from T?rko?lu-Kahramanmara? region SE Turkey were investigated. Common ultramafic rock types (dunite, harzburgite, lherzolite, wehrlite) and the secondary alteration products formed by their hydration within the Earth?s crust (serpentinite) are the primary source of serpentinite soils. The characteristics of soils developed on serpentinite and peridotite differ from other soils. Numerous studies have reported that typical heavy metal enrichment i...

Climate change is the leading factor in the development of soil formation. As our studies have shown, not only long-term (for centuries), but also centennial (for decades) climate fluctuations can lead to the noticeable change in the areas and contours of soil ranges in the forest-steppe zone of the central part of Eastern Europe. In order to study the peculiarities of transformation of soil contours in time, the authors carried out the comparative analysis of large-scale (1:50000) soil maps conducted in different...

Municipal wastewater represents interesting source of irrigation water, especially in the situation where shortage of water is a growing problem in arid areas around the world. The potential decrease in soil fertility and expansion of arid areas due to global climate change represents the actual problem in agriculture in both developed and developing countries. The main objectives of the present study were to describe the impact of irrigation by different types of wastewater on content of C and N in soil, leaching...

The study was focused on the intensification of sensitive landscape degradation by tunnel erosion (i) to determine the particularity (ii) of this process in the studied area in order to establish regional sustainable management. The studied site is located in the southern part of Jijia Plain, on a complex slope (faces west) from Bogonos Valley. The Tma is 9.5oC and the Pma is 501.7 mm. The dominant soils are Solonetz, Solonchaks, and Regosols formed in salt-bearing clay deposits. The soil characteristics associate...

The soil is the predominant environmental factor for the accumulation of pollutants, including heavy metals, from where, in time, they enter into the global plant-water-animal-human circuit. Some heavy metals with higher toxicity and mobility such as Cd, Pb and even Zn and Cu can be accumulated in large amounts in the edible part of the plant or animal organs, generating consumer illness, some of the worst. This paper presents two examples of cities in Romania, Cop?a Mica and Baia Mare, where, for a long time, met...

In the small catchment area of RediuValley has initiated some investigation concern to the possibility of practice drip irrigation for horticultural plants. It is well known that soil from slope lands have high susceptibility to erosion processes. Plants grown on slope land are also predisposed to longer droughts as a result of the partial infiltration of water from snow melting and after high intensity precipitation. The studied Rediu water basin has a length of 8 km and a surface area of the 11 km2. Surface unde...

The soil is one of the most complex natural systems of Earth. By its features, the soil reflects the impact of clime, flora, fauna, human activity and topography on bedrock from which the soil was formed during various periods of time, being considered an indicator of environment evolution. The soil degradation means the quantitative and qualitative diminishing of the current potential yielding capacity of soil that contributes to the production of goods and services as a result of some unfavorable evolution, by d...

Soil erosion is one of the crucial forms of land degradation; a menace caused by soil degradation and prevailing lithological feature in southern Nigeria. Several hectares of land area and properties worth about 2.5 million USD are lost annually due to soil erosion. Besides arable lands, the vegetation which serves as habitat to several species is rapidly disappearing leading to the extinction of the native plant species. The objective of the study was to evaluate the impacts of soil-gully erosion from 1986-2016 b...

Each building structure is rested on the foundation surface, so it is necessary to analyze these structures in interaction with subsoil. From the historical viewpoint, the most used is the Winkler model. Later two-parametric models of subsoil had been introduced, implementing the effect of shear forces and impact of subgrade around the foundation into the calculation. Other models are based on the theory of elastic half-space. The use of FEM introduced a lot of advantages to model structures in the interaction wit...

The article presents the study on the effect of thermal and acidic hydrolysis treatment on the antioxidant activity of humic acids. It clarifies the changes in macromolecule structure resulted from the variations in periphery/nucleus ratio. Using the differential-thermal analysis, kinetic parameters of humic acid thermal-oxidative destruction were determined. The studied samples of humic acids were divided into three groups: humic acids extracted from air-dried fen and terrestrial fuscum peat, humic acids subjecte...

Human activities as land use and management impact soil functioning. These are amplified also by stress factors as extreme climate events (drought, flood, heat waves) and meteorological anomalies, consequence of climate change. Although there are clues on how these challenging factors affect quality and functioning at its top surface (between 0 пїЅ 15 cm), there are minor information on how these impact soil in its depth profile. This study present obtained data from assessment studies performed on agricultural la...

The paper presents the results of standard plastic limit test and fall cone test also used to determine plastic limit. Tests were performed on three clay soils. Soils differed from each other various percentage of the sand fraction. Plastic limit is standardly determined by hand rolling soil specimen. A sample of soil has moisture on plastic limit when the roller of the soil of 3 mm diameter begins to break up (CSN EN ISO/TS 17892-12). The test results are highly dependent on access laboratory technicians which pr...

Saline soils do not play a leading role in human economic activity. At the same time, they occupy large areas in the world and perform important ecological functions пїЅ maintaining the biodiversity and sustainability of natural ecosystems. By the end of 2018, the road and rail bridge between Taman and Crimea will be built. The construction of the bridge, the operation of the road, and the development of the related infrastructure will strengthen the human impact on soil cover in the region. One of the negative ef...

Regarding to the situation in Romania, the country's total agricultural surface of 14.946 million ha, an area of 6.367 million ha (42.6%), with slopes greater than 5%, is prone to water erosion and other processes associated. Of these, over 900,000 ha are affected by very strong and excessive erosion. The study aims to quantify the soil loss by erosion process and to specify the main factor affecting the erosion development in the study area using geoprocessing techniques and the erosion predictive model Revised U...

The purpose of this work was to study specific features of the accumulation and distribution of the total content and mobile forms of heavy metals (HM) in soils and plants of the estuarine ecosystems of the Don river and the Taganrog bay coast (Russian Federation). The soil cover is represented by following soils types: Fluvisols, Haplic Chernozem, Arenosol, Solonchak. The following higher plants were sampled: Phragmites australis Cav., Typha angustifolia L., Carex riparia Curtis, Cichorium intybus L., Bolboschoen...

The objective of the paper was to investigate the presence of calcium oxalate crystals in the roots of grapevine Merlot/Kober 5BB from Murfatlar Vineyard, and their correlation to the high content of total and active calcium carbonate in soil, inherited from the parent material. Calcium oxalate is a bio-mineralization major product that formed in the superior plants (like the grapevine - Vitis vinifera), occurring as crystals of various shapes (druses, raphides, envelopes, etc.) and supposing to have also various ...

In recent years, the input of antibiotics into soils has sharply increased. The environmental behavior of antibiotics is not well known and the precise environmental risk assessment is not practical. Long-term studies have shown the efficiency of the diagnostics and monitoring of soils with biochemical methods, particularly with the help of the indices of soil enzymatic activity. We studied the impact antibiotics (benzylpenicillin, tilosin and nystatin) at different concentrations (100, 500 mg/kg) on hydrolase (ph...

Feedbacks of soil ecosystems to climate change depend on its dynamics, thus soil ecosystems can directly and indirectly respond to climate change. Literature proved that warming directly alters microbial communities by increasing their activity. Also, climate change may also alter plant community, which consequently will impact indirectly, thus altering the soil communities that depend on their inputs. Thus, soil microbial community is responsible for a variety of soil provided ecosystem services, given their role...

The study of the soils buried beneath the Bronze Age kurgan mounds in the desert steppe zone of the southeastern part of the Russian Plain allowed establishing the features of the soil evolution and climate dynamics in the 3rd millennium BC. According to calibrated 14C data, the kurgans were constructed during period 2800-2100 cal yr BC: (Catacomb and Lola archaeological cultures). Morphological and chemical properties of buried soils and modern surface soils indicate that during the previous period (the end of Ea...

The soil tillage system through the intensity of soil mobility influences its physical state, the capitalization of the fertilization system applied, and together they condition the water conservation in the soil, respectively the development of maize crop. The arable lands damaged by intensive conventional pratices are a cause of the loss of carbon and water in the soil, to a larger or smaller scale, according to soil, season and especially the stage of damage of soils. The purpose of the paper is the research of...

Evolution and development of landslides is influenced by a number of natural factors (soil, geological substrate, relief, climate, vegetation etc.) and anthropogenic factors (deforestation, overloading of land with constructions, inadequate meteoric waters drain, artificial undermining of slopes-embankments for roads etc.). In this paper we propose to analyze the causes of landslides that affected the county road DJ 585 located in Visag area, Caras-Severin county limit, and also to issuing technical solutions for ...

The determination of the geochemical fractions of heavy metals in soils of technogenic landscapes is a key issue in the study of their mobility. The current study aims to investigate of the accumulation and mobility of Cu in soils adjacent to the Karabash copper smelter at South Urals, Russia. Studies were performed in the plume zone of the Karabash smelter and in the floodplains of Ryzhii Brook and Sak-Egla River for the surface layer of soil (0-5 cm). The level of Cu pollution by soil located at a distance from ...

Thermo-electric power stations using coal are very important and complex polluters, due to the chimneys for burning gas evacuation which represent the main high sources of environmental pollution, while the ash dumps пїЅ are lower sources. The Doice?ti thermoelectric power station built in 1952 is located in the Subcarpathian hill area, on the Ialomi?a Valley, constituting a source of heavy metals pollution of this zone. From the geographical viewpoint, the studied territory can be included in the Subcarpathian Cu...

Petroleum and its derivatives are the main source of energy for industry and domestic consumption. Petroleum hydrocarbons are based on multiple carbon bonds that develop intense and raised complex structures when they bound with other characteristic molecules, hence the latest hydrocarbons have variety of forms and consist of short, medium and long aliphatics, aromatics and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of different proportions. The accidental release of these hydrocarbons into the environment represents a majo...

The development of regional or local maximum permissible concentration (MPC) for a pollutant in the soil requires the field or laboratory simulation of pollution. The experimental design should include the control (uncontaminated soil with the background concentration of the pollutant) and at least three treatments with different pollutant concentrations in the range between 2 and 10 background values. Experiments are performed in at least three replicates. Soil samples are taken 30 days after contamination. In ea...

Drainage of agricultural land is a critical water management tool for the sustainability of cropping productivity systems considering the links between this sustainability and the control of water logging and salinization processes from root zone. Land drainage also provides environmental benefits when it is sustainable designed securing the conservation and improvement of soil resources quality. A key aspect of this problem is the correct determination of distance between drains based on a series of environmental...

Urban sprawl and land abandonment are the major threats to agricultural areas, as highlighted the European Environment Agency. Bucharest metropolitan area is a proposed metropolitan area project, aiming to reach 2700 km2 in an intermediate stage. This area would include Bucharest City and other 62 surrounding LAUs from Ilfov, C?l?ra?i and Giurgiu Counties. The paper aims to assess the dynamics of soil sealing and soil landscape patterns and to evaluate soil productivity lost due to the urban sprawl within the Buch...

The purpose of this study is to provide information about technical and fertility characteristics of soils for orchards conversion. Based on satellite images, there were calculate a series of normalized differential indexes resulting from some operations with the spectral bands, meaning they are obtained based on multispectral images (with several spectral bands). Through specific operations, it is aimed to amplify spectral signatures in the band where one particular object has the highest reflectance and diminish...

One of the important factors affecting nutrient uptake by the root system of the plants includes soil reaction. Increased soil acidity may adversely affect the use of biogenic nutrients, such as phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur and molybdenum. In soil, nutrients are immobilized to insoluble forms. Although their amount in soil may be sufficient, the plants cannot obtain the optimal quantities, causing a decrease in the yield or production quality. On the other hand, in the metabolism of plants, a...

Pesticides alter the biological properties of the soil, leading to a complete loss of their fertility. Chestnut soils (meadow brown, light brown) are resistant to contamination by pesticides and by fertilizers in particular. We have carried out studies on the effect of the examined soil pollution with high doses of fertilizers and pesticides on the soil mesofauna representatives. The work is based on studying influence of anthropogenic impacts on soil biological activity in comparison with its main indicators, whi...

Substrate, organic matter content, land use and cover may strongly affect soil properties having effect on soil water regulation services in ecosystems. Soil water holding capacity is function of specific physical, chemical, and biological soil parameters. The aim of this research was to understand the risks posed to soils and their water-holding capacities, in the face of changes in land use, land management and vegetation cover. This study was conducted in 2015, at two study sites, Tajov (TA on Haplic Cambisol) ...

Up to 50% of arable land is threatened by water erosion in the Czech Republic. Annually, water erosion causes billions of dollars of damage. It is especially reflected in the reduction in value of agricultural land and yield of the erosion damaged soil. In erosion affected areas, the soil is washed off and depleted of the finest particles binding nutrients and contributing to the formation of humus. In our study, we include five effects of water erosion on the content and quality of humus in chernozem, in topsoil,...

The influence of seven years of using the direct seeding technology on the eco-biological properties of black soils in the Rostov region has been comparatively studied. These soils are found in vast areas of the South of Russia, and are the most productive arable soils. Seasonal comprehensive studies have shown that, if compared to the traditional ways of tillage, direct seeding results in changes in the soils' physical and biological properties. The studied parameters of soils considerably depend on the cultivate...

The paper presents the results from studies carried out in the farming conditions. It has been found that with the application of rational norms of mineral and organic fertilizers used for growing various crops (barley, rape, flax, soybean), soil fertility could be stabilized and their effectiveness enhanced. The content of mineral nitrogen under rape crops was at the level of the control variant. Its content in the variant using liquid manure (biofertilizer) was somewhat lower than that of in the rotted manure - ...

Ensuring the stability of liquid rate represents a major requirement imposed for sprinkling machinery. This important objective can be materialized only by equipping sprayers with advanced automatic adjustment systems, in order to correlate the two work parameters: displacement velocity and liquid flow. An effective correlation of these parameters can be achieved using adjustment systems of the electronic type. A such adjustment system can not operate efficiently without an adequate comparator circuit. It is also ...

The article presents the material, both on theoretical and practical issues of rational use of agricultural land in the North Caucasus Federal District (NCFD), as well as an analysis of the main reasons that led to their degradation. Assess ongoing processes on agricultural lands with their heavy use. An important feature of the NCFD district is the high proportion of rural population (49.7%) is the highest in the Russian Federation. Revealed major shortcomings in the organization and use of land resources, which ...

Widespread use of electronic regulators, in order to correlate the working parameters at sprinkling machines imposes making a study to assess the performances of the regulation process in working conditions. To achieve this objective were pursued the following aspects: adequate choice of system components; the achievement in own conception of a electronic regulator for automatic correlation of liquid flow with displacement velocity; choosing and preparing a sprinkling machine on which will be installed the achieve...

Due to intensive use of pesticides in vegetable farming, especially in pepper crop, residues may be accumulated at levels higher than those permitted by their respective international maximum residue levels (MRLs). The objective of this study was to evaluate residue level of three insecticides belonging to different chemical groups: 1. Actara (a.i. Thiametoksam) which was used at the rate of 1gr and 2gr/10 L water respectively; 2. Dimetogal (a.i. Dimetoate) which was used at the dose of 10ml and 20ml/10L water res...

In order to assess the presence of different raspberry diseases experiments were established during the years of 2015 and 2016, at two locations (LlapashticпїЅ and Peran) in the municipality of Podujevo and two (Mramor and Barilevo) in the municipality of Prishtina. In the experiment were involved four raspberry cultivars (Polka, Autumn Bliss, Willamette and Meeker), which represents the most prevalent cultivars cultivated in our country, while the experiment was conducted according to the method of randomized blo...

Biochar is carbonized organic matter, which is prepared by pyrolysis and it content high amount of carbon. This material is currently very often mentioned in carbon sequestration and as an additive improving physicochemical and biological soil functions, especially soil aggregation, conductivity or pH. Thus biochar could be usefully toll for decreased erosion risk. The influence of biochar on soil microorganisms is still big question. Results of scientific work differ much. Problematic component of biochar is arom...