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The depletion of fossil fuels is a major concern for the world because of the demand for energy that has increased rapidly with population growth and urbanization. For sustainable development, energy producing industries are trying to find suitable substitutes for petroleum fuel that are environmentally friendly and economically feasible. Biomass ,such as bio-oil and biochar production, could be a possible alternative energy source. Production of biochar and bio-oil from chicken manure(CM) by the pyrolysis process...

The growing demand for wastewater treatment encourages the development of alternative processes. Some of the main characteristics required of these alternative processes are a small footprint, ease of operation, low sludge generation and improved efficiency. Among the current technologies, the Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) and the Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) are alternatives that combine some of these required characteristics. On the other hand, ever since 1959, when the term пїЅnanotechnologyпїЅ was introduced,...