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Potentially explosive atmospheres constitute a major risk in the operation of industrial installations that use or generate gases, flammable vapours or combustible dust. According to ATEX legislation, explosions can occur as a result of the interaction between an explosive atmosphere and an active ignition source. Even under the conditions of using ATEX-certified equipment, the progressive degradation of the components can lead to the appearance of uncontrolled ignition sources. This paper analyzes from a technica...

In this paper is presented a Mobile Integrated System for on the Site Testing (MISST) of equipment intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres, with type of protection pressurization p, resulting from research activities out by the research and testing team involved. The fundamental aspects of the design, implementation and easy use of such an integrated system have been examined, implemented and tested. A mobile integrated test system for Ex p type of protection applied to equipment in Ex construction, ...

The general concern about climate change and the actions that must be taken to protect the environment are current concerns and occupy the first places on global agenda regarding the search for viable and sustainable solutions. Transition to green energy involves numerous intensely analysed issues with major implications for the economies of many countries. Thus, integration of renewable energy in oil and gas operations is an increasingly used strategy to reduce the carbon footprint and improve sustainability of t...

The need to develop an integrated testing system for explosion-protected construction equipment with the type of protection "p" arose from practical considerations. The use of a mobile, versatile and adaptable system for the field performance of tests specific to this type of protection applied to explosion-protected construction equipment brings several novel advantages, the most important of which are: grouping all the test equipment required for the tests, elimination of measurement errors by performing several...

The Growing concern about climate change and the actions that need to be taken to protect environment have begun to occupy the top places on global agenda in recent years. Transport of the future will look different: ecological, economic and maximum efficiency. But it's not only car manufacturers who are making efforts to reduce as much as possible the climate impact of vehicles. One of solutions is and the major interest of using hydrogen as a viable answer for decarbonizing industrial processes and economic sect...

In the evaluation activity of technical equipment intended to be used in potentially explosive atmospheres, by national and international legislation, non-compliant aspects were often reported regarding the choice, installation and maintenance of this explosion-proof equipment. The following main aspects were pointed out: the equipment that was initially chosen and installed appropriately for the specific application but later, over time, improperly maintained; respectively, the situation in which they were inappr...

The paper-s purpose is to quantify the measurement consequences in the purge test of equipment protected with the -p- type of protection. In order to achieve this objective, the authors involved a simulation process for a pressurization enclosure. The simulation was conducted, in the first stage, without measurement to obtain a reference after that simulation was conducted for scenarios involving sampling separately for each measurement point. The first part of the paper presented the risks of explosion and pressu...

Directive 2014/34/EU ATEx regulates the placement on the European market of equipment and technical installations for use in potentially explosive atmospheres. The current work aims to describe the design and use of low current equipment in the development of industrial robots used for the inspection of hard-to-reach areas with explosion hazard. Documentation evaluation and testing of equipment with intrinsic safety -i- type of protection (SR EN 60079-11 Equipment protection by intrinsic safety "i") according the ...

The use, production, processing and storage of petroleum products and gases generate hazardous atmospheres that can be ignited and generate explosions, causing serious damage both to materials and the environment, and especially to human health and integrity. The use of equipment in this environment requires compliance with certain well-defined parameters, which must be chosen in correlation with the potentially explosive atmosphere in which it is to be installed and the type of protection, temperature class and c...

The installation and maintenance of equipment intended for use in potentially explosive environments requires specific knowledge and qualifications for the personnel who commissions and subsequently maintain such equipment. When installing and maintaining electrical equipment, situations may arise which may in turn lead to an unacceptable level of risk with regarding to the activation of ignition sources of potentially explosive atmospheres in their immediate vicinity, due to the failure to comply the principles o...

The article considers the dynamics of flammable substances concentrations in ventilated rooms. Ventilated rooms are used for equipment and installations where the risk of explosion is caused by the presence of flammable substances such as gases, vapours and mists. The first part presents the explosion risk associated with presence of flammable substances and the classification of atmospheres in which explosion risk is noticeable. Thus, for areas where the explosive atmosphere can be delimited inside a compartment ...

In the paperwork are presented new aspects regarding test results of galvanic cells used in the apparatus intended for use in explosive atmospheres. In the first part of the paper was presented the explosion risk. The explosion risk involved by the presence of technical equipment in areas endangered by the presence of flammable substances is manifested through two sources of risk. The spark ignition is due to electrical equipment, electrostatic discharges and mechanical impact. The mixtures of air with flammable s...