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The main objective of this study is to outline the spatial distribution of precipitation deficit at both monthly and annual scales by comparing precipitation data from two reference periods: 1961–1990 and 1991–2020. To achieve this goal, monthly and annual precipitation normals from 355 meteorological stations throughout the country are calculated in accordance with the World Meteorological Organization's standards. Data post-processing, statistical analysis and spatial interpolation are performed in the R env...

Drought is a complex weather and climate-related phenomenon with significant ecological and socioeconomic consequences. In light of the increasing severity and frequency of droughts in Europe in recent years, this study focuses on assessing the spatiotemporal evolution of drought in Bulgaria during the period 2014-2022. To achieve this, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is calculated at different time scales (1, 3, and 6 months) for both the country's territory and individual municipalities using software...

The main goal of the analysis presented in the paper is to contribute to a clearer understanding of climate changes in Bulgaria, assessing the long-term changes in annual characteristics of surface temperature and precipitation in the period 1961-2020 and providing climate projections to the end of the 21st century. During the last decades of the 20th century, a tendency towards warming occurred in Bulgaria. Since the 1990s, only four years have had negative temperature anomalies compared to the reference period 1...

The development of indicator systems for drought identification is part of the Drought Management Plans. The analysis of the correlation between the different indices is an essential part of the indicator systems. That research is part of a task related to the developed at NIMH system (http://hydro.bg) of drought indicators and the development of recommendations for their simultaneous use. For this purpose, the influence of climatic factors on the hydrological cycle components and the role of the characteristics o...

The climatology of hot days and extremely hot spells on the territory of Bulgaria has been studied on the basis of daily data for maximum air temperature during the warm half-year in the period 1961–2019 from 115 meteorological stations of the National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology (NIMH). The empirical distributions of daily maximum air temperatures by selected stations representative of the non-mountainous regions of the country (below 1000 m altitude) have been investigated to determine the correspondi...

The object of this study is the variability and trends of extreme 24-hour precipitation in Bulgaria during the period 1931?2019. The regime of potentially dangerous precipitation (? 60 mm/24 h) has been analyzed on the base of available daily data from all stations of the national meteorological network with continuous observations at least in half of the study period. We focused our attention on this type of precipitation because it often causes significant economic damage and human casualties. The advanced tools...

Last winter, with respect to the most recent ones, was marked by severe cold spells and uncommon accumulation and persistence of snow cover in the non-mountainous areas of the country in January. These weather events provoked an intense media interest and raised up the debate about global warming. Actually, what type was the winter season of 2016-2017 compared to the previous years пїЅ normal, severe or extreme? In the presented climate assessment, a set of indicative climatic characteristics is explored on the ba...