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This paper aims to present an innovative approach to maritime transportation solutions and the need to minimize gas emissions and fuel consumption through green hydrogen research and substitution. Given its critical role in global commerce, maritime transportation has been a key factor for the past decades, specifically regarding the optimization of ship routing. The traditional focus on minimizing distance has been supplemented with modern, sustainability-driven objectives, including greater attention to fuel con...

Sulina channel is one of the three arms of the Danube, through which the river outflows into the Black Sea. At the same time, this is an important navigation waterway, since it is the main entrance from the Black Sea in the seventh Pan-European transportation corridor, represented by the Maine-Rhine-Danube navigation system. Hence, high navigation traffic is noticed, which was significantly increased in the last years. On the other hand, this area often faces severe weather conditions with high gradients in the en...

The transition to a sustainable energy system is one of the European Union's key strategic directions, in line with achieving climate neutrality by 2050, as outlined by the European Green Deal. The Black Sea region has considerable potential for renewable energy sources, particularly offshore wind, solar, and biomass. Due to this potential, the area has become a hub for European initiatives focused on increasing the share of renewable sources in the regional energy mix, and consequently, on energy security and red...

The accurate assessment of a ship-s dynamic behavior is essential for understanding its stability characteristics, particularly in response to free oscillations such as roll decay. This study presents the development and application of a compact, cost-effective inertial measurement system based on the Bosch BMX160 IMU sensor, integrated with a Raspberry Pi 4 single-board computer, for measuring ship model free oscillations both in water and in a controlled air environment. The system enables remote data acquisitio...

Catamarans are widely used in marine transport due to their advantages in stability and speed. However, their hydrodynamic performance is affected by the interaction between the two hulls, which creates complex interference phenomena influencing resistance and fuel consumption. Understanding and quantifying these interference effects is essential for optimizing catamaran, a key factor not only for operational efficiency and emissions reduction but also for achieving climate-resilient, energy-efficient marine trans...

The Danube has been a traditional trade route in Europe since ancient times. Transport on the Danube has many economic and environmental advantages. By using the river as a transport route, logistics costs can be reduced, and delivery times optimized. Another feature of the Danube is its connection to the North Sea and maritime transport via the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal. In addition, waterborne transport produces less carbon dioxide than road or rail transport, helping to reduce environmental impact and promote sus...

The roughness of a ship-s hull can have a significant impact on the environment, primarily through its effect on the ship-s fuel consumption and, consequently, carbon emissions. The resistance a ship encounters as it moves through the water can be broadly categorized into two main types: frictional resistance and wave-making resistance. Hull roughness increases frictional resistance, also known as skin friction resistance. This resistence component is a major aspect of the total resistance of a merchant ship, lead...

In recent years, maritime transport in the Black Sea area, especially along the maritime transport routes that cross this area, has seen a considerable increase compared to previous years. However, navigation takes place not only in ports in Romania, Turkey, Georgia, Russia, Ukraine, and Bulgaria but also outside the Black Sea via Turkish straits, connecting with international routes. Maritime transport consists of two main components: passenger transport and freight transport, both components being directly affec...

The Danube-Black Sea Channel, inaugurated in 1984, although it has a dark history, is also of significant importance at European level, being the third longest navigable channel in the world, after the Suez Channel and the Panama Channel and connects the North Sea to the Black Sea through the Rhine-Main-Danube Channel, shortening the route of goods transport from Australia to Central Europe by 400 kilometers. The channel has a total length of 95.6 km and consists of two branches, a main one having 64.4 km long and...

The Black Sea is known by the shipping industry, even from history, that present many issues area for sailing. Thus, in the Black Sea basin, serious naval accidents take place periodically. An important influence on these serious naval accidents is the sea state conditions acting on the ships and the action of the wind. Thus, for a series of accidents identified in time and space, the wind characteristics were analysed, while the sea state conditions were simulated. Based on the information regarding the wind and ...

Making marine renewable energy projects in the Black Sea is a subject discussed more and more lately because of the potential of this area. Various studies show that the western part of the Black Sea basin is characterized by high potential from point of view of the wave and wind energy. Because of the favorable wind conditions, offshore wind farm projects can be implemented in this area. In order to make all the maintenance activities in safe conditions, and also the shipping operability between the offshore wind...

Danube is part of the Rhine / Meuse - Main - Danube priority axis, being the second longest river in Europe. Danube is an important international river route, flowing through 10 countries: Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria, Moldova and Ukraine. Most of the Danube, 28.9%, stretches over the territory of Romania. In the rest of the countries where the Danube arrives, they have much lower percentages. It collects most of the Romanian rivers, except some from Dobrogea, that are ca...

In the last years, Romania has suffered large-scale flooding with large areas of land affected by floods, causing major infrastructure damage and leaving behind a significant number of deaths. Climate change and the high frequency of dangerous hydrometeorological phenomena manifested by torrential rains of special intensity produce flash-flood on watercourses due to the rapid concentration of leakage on slopes. These phenomena characterize the vast majority of river basins in Galati County. The pilot area chosen f...

Europa has the densest, diversified and completely transport system on the entire world. Maritime transports have developed since ancient times (in the Mediterranean basin and the countries bordering the Atlantic Ocean) and they are still in development because they present a key point in freight transport. Europe controls one third of the world's commercial fleet and is one of the world's leading maritime centres with 329 key ports along the coast, including Rotterdam, which is the second largest port in the worl...

With the economic development of the European seas and rivers, there was a sharp increase in demand for services and transport. Maritime transport is one of the least expensive methods of transport, unlike road, rail or air transport and has a number of advantages in terms of the size of the goods transported and the increased safety of freight transport. Many of the sea routes have among their destinations river ports, which hold a large part of the year traffic of ships. In the European waters we find a diversit...