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The influence of washout scavenging on the removal processes of SO 4 2-, NO3 - and Cl - ions were investigated using sequential ra in sampling. For this purpose this study investigates the variation of these ions in precipitation using the sequential rain sampling and relationships of the wet depos ition flux to the rain intensity and ion concentration were introduced. We carried out sequential rain sampling for five different rain events sampled in Istanbul on a) March 14 th, 2008 b) March 20 th, 2008 c) March 25...

Urban air quality in devel oping countries has decrease because of population density, industrialization and energy consumption. In th is study, the air quality of Bilecik city in Turkey was evaluated by using the cluster an alysis. The analysis wa s applied to the air pollution data such as total suspended particle and sulphur dioxide (SO2). Single linkage cluster method grouped three years air pollution data into two clusters under similarity. Based on the years of the mean concentratio ns of parameters, it was ...

The subject of this project is to evaluate precipitation variability, trends and projections due to climate change in north-w estern Bulgaria as part of the changes in the early 21st century in that area. Studies in recent years show a decline of precipitation for the Balkans and Bulgaria in particular. The re duction in rainfall amounts is typical for the last 10 years of the 20th century and continues into the early 21st century. Examination models of the precipitation amount indicate a trend of increasing of th...

Total atmospheric deposition i.e. both wet and dry ones, was sampled in the typical urban area with many sources of pollution. The main sources of pollution are represented by neighbouring the iron and stee l works and the municipal heating plant. The 8 sampling points were located at the rooftop of the buildings at the housing estates with the blocks of flats. The atmospheric deposition fluxes of heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Cd, As) were determined separa tely for soluble and insoluble phase. The obtaine...

The issues in assurance of energy sufficiency and of environment quality are necessary part of scientific prognosis humanity evolution. The buildings belong to major consumer non-renewable energy and are emitter of greenhouse gases and other gaseous wastes during whole life cycle. The CO 2 emissions mostly come from the energy required to heat, cool and ve ntilate buildings. There are al so significant emissions from creating the materials to build, maintain and demolish buildings. Climatic changes, increased poll...

At fire there are formatted many of co mpounds by the decomposition and oxidation reactions of fuel. Some of these compounds have a negative impact on environment. A various mixture of toxic a nd non-toxic substances we can determine at burning of synthetic polymers. There are present di fferent carbohydrates and their derivatives except carbon oxides and water. The composition of smoke is influenced by fuel characteristics and also by burning c onditions (mainly oxygen concentration and temperature). The analyses...

The research done by the climatology specialists of the National Meteorology Administration, using long stri ngs of data collected from 14 meteorological stations, showed, on a national level, an average temperature rise of 0.3В°C between 1901 and 2000 and of 0.5В°C between 1901 and 2007, which is statistically relevant in the Carpathian region, with certain seasonal os cillations. The data analysis done with the help of the archives gathered from a la rge number of meteorol ogical stations (94), consisting of con...

A database of average monthly air temperat ure and atmospheric precipitation has been created for seven meteorological stations for the period between 1936 and 2009. It was used to study current trends of climate change in the Kazbegi area, a mountain region in the Greater Caucasus. Changes in temper ature and precipitation are described by circular regression equations and rates of these changes are identified.

The large-scale emission of carbon dioxide in to the atmosphere has wrought of the most serious and dangerous problems upon the earth, especially with regard to the devastating consequences of the greenhouse effect. The reduction and/or fixation of carbon dioxide can be said to be one of the most important areas of research in chemistry today, not only for solving th e many urgent problems resulting from the pollution of the global environment but also for finding ways to maintain vital carbon resources. One of th...

Burning and thermal degradation of wood are the sources of contamination of environment by carbonyl compounds. Many com pounds from this group are toxic and have negative influence on human and environment. The paper presents results of research of carbonyl compounds arising at thermal loading of various wood species at various conditions of thermal loading. The samples of beech, fir, spruce and birch wood were thermal loaded at temperatures 135, 170, 205, 240, 270, 450 and 600 В°C. The carbonyl compounds were ana...

The contribution deals with the evaluation of atmospheric deposition monitoring by the modified bulk deposition met hodology (wet and dry), which was focused on selected heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Cd , As). The long-time monitoring (2001-2010) was realised in the vicinity of siderite mining and processing plant. The works operated until august 2008. The samples were monitored by means of 17 sites located maximally up to 8 km from main source of pollution. Besides the deposition fluxes of heavy metals, m...

Drought issues are discussed: concept, definition and classification of drought as well as drought indices, drought prediction and monito ring. The second part is on the weather network in the country as a tool for drought monitoring.

To study the distribution and repetition of droughts, an ar chive of droughts has been created in eastern Georgia for 19 meteorol ogical stations for the vegetation period between 1961 and 2008. It has been eval uated geographic and meteorological conditions of droughts formation: conditions of humidity, temperature background, hydrothermal regime of soils. It has been studied the territorial distribution and probability of dry months, repetition of drought s within a season and a month, severe and ultra-severe dr...

An analysis of climatic and social-economic conditions of territory of Tomsk oblast was used to study environmental management risk connected with change of conditions of modern ecological system.

The analysis of the air quality impact of the industry production reduction was elaborated by means of th e air quality pollution modeling in accord with the Czech reference methodology SYMOS"97. All relevant pollution sources were included. It concerned local and contiguous extra large and large air pollution sources (REAPS 1), medium-sized sources, local heating systems (small sources) and the road traffic. Also the local pollution background and the tran sfrontier pollution transmission were estimated. The air ...

Building industry has an essential share in depletion of environment and, after food production, belongs to the largest consumer of raw materials. Exploitation, production or transportation of building materials, as well as build-up, operation or demolition of buildings requires massive amounts of energy and results in huge amounts of greenhouse or acidifying gasses emission, par ticipates in depletion of ozone layer, eutrophication processes or photochemical ozone creation. Selection of building materials, as pri...

This study presents the relationships betw een the wet deposition fluxes of chemical species, their concentrations and the rain intensity in the precipitation events which took place on a) November 10 th, 2007 b) September 08 th, 2007, 29 sequential rain samples were collected in those three precipitation ev ents in Istanbul-Turk ey using a sequential precipitation sampler. Temporal variation of chemical species were investigated during the events and found that the variability of ion concentrations were similar t...

In this study, It is estimated the effect of short-term exposure to air pollution on hospital admission for respiratory illnesses among young children. The study used existing data from records of three hospitals. Air quality and meteorological da ta were used to estimate daily exposure for children. The impact of air pollution on the respiratory health of children is assessed using case- crossover methodology. During study period (June 2007- May 2008), the average particulate matter (PM10) concentration is 93.77 ...