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Scattered settlement in the rural and mountain regions is typical. Technical conditions of roads is a key factor deciding on the possibility of accessing certain locations by ambulance in such areas. The objective of this study is the assessment of the passability of mountain roads within the scope of ambulance access with the use of GIS and the national cartographic database. From the roads in the district, the authors selected unpaved roads, with the surface of bare ground. Then, the buildings located at the dis...

Pyrotechnic article are means any article containing explosive substances or an explosive mixture of substances designed to produce heat, light, sound, gas or smoke or a combination of such effects through self-sustained exothermic chemical reactions. Of the family of these products are the electric igniters framed according to the intended use in category P1 / P2 - Other pyrotechnic articles. These types of pyrotechnic articles are used to initiate the burning of pyrotechnic components that generate deflagration....

The article deals with several ways of monitoring bank line changes, such as the cartographic and two modern satellite-based methods, one of which is the method of satellite images interpretation. It is easy to use and does not need expensive equipment or fieldwork. The second of the satellite-based methods, the field method with the application of satellite positioning system, is characterized by high accuracy and effectiveness of results but requires expensive equipment and fieldworks. The danger of erosion is t...

Using multilayer forest cover dynamics map, which was developed based on GIS, remote sensing data, forest inventory and field data post-fire and post-logging forest regeneration trajectories were revealed in a range of forest growth conditions. A legend of the map was built based on dynamic classification of forest cover and contained information about forest regeneration series and their age stages in different forest growth conditions types. Based on this map a spatial distribution of the most common forest succ...

Underground mining exploitation in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin results in lowering of a land surface. It has its environmental consequences. These processes favor the creation of wetlands and floodplains, which often help to increase biodiversity. However, progressive lowering of the land surface disrupts flow of rivers, force change of land use, and may lead to real risks for building facilities. Therefore, it is necessary to undertake reclamation works, which consist in filling depression area. All this leads ...

An important problem of modern civilization is the aging of societies. The effect of this phenomenon is and will be limited access of enterprises to young and middle-aged employees. This problem also applies to coal mine. First and foremost, young and middle-aged employees work in them. Therefore it will be necessary to undertake actions aimed at stopping already working workers and employing older people in the case of shortages. Extending the employment time in mining enterprises requires a proper approach to th...

The stream bed of alpine tarns is heterogeneous. Forms and whole character of lake basins relief depend primarily on the level of their reformation by mountain glacier during the glacial stage and development of geomorphological processes in the surrounding of postglacial stage. Bathymetric survey creates the basis for the construction of bathymetric maps and DTM of lake basins. They complete the whole picture about the local geomorphological development of valleys and variety of their bases. They have the biggest...

Technology development has been enormous in recent years. This is particularly noticeable as regards telephones and personal computers as well as other devices e.g. modern GNSS receivers which currently are the basic equipment of even small land surveying firms. Drones are an example that shows the dynamics of technology development, especially in a few recent years. Currently, the aim is to capture data of the best possible quality, yet capturing it should generate the lowest possible costs. In this regard, drone...

The public hearings are the kinds of the public control?s forms. These hearings are usually devoted to considering of environmental issues, problems of town planning, land use, i.e. the most important problems for population. Research objective is search of additional legal opportunities for citizens' activity in questions of local life. The author analysed the positive experience of participation of inhabitants in some American municipalities by solution of city problems. However there is a number of the problems...

A hydrogeological map is a cartographic model reflecting the structure, regularities of formation and spread of gravity underground water. Traditionally, cartographic data on hydrogeology are presented as a rule in hard copies or in formats of graphic editors. Another large part of cartographic data is presented in the formats MapInfo and ArcGIS, which does not meet criteria identifying their belonging to up-to-date information systems, and as consequence, limit digital processing of data and its spatial analysis....

Technologies based on photogrammetric and remote sensing sensors represent the usual way for obtaining digital height and position data. This paper is dedicated to LiDAR data filtering for a DEM generation. The main purpose is presentation of a semi-automated method of filtering using mathematical and statistical algorithms for a valid data set. The method involves point cloud data filtering and interpolation. The principle of it is to validate an error free data set and construct the DSM from the last pulse refle...

The goal of this study is to construct doctrinal and legal grounds of the doctrinal and legal grounds of the complex modelling of legal regulation of right-and-duty of an individual on providing the comfort conditions of environment with authors? scientific and practical proposals. This article consists of five chapters and conclusion. The first one is devoted to the problems of intensification of the processes of the technological modernization of the modern society. The second one is about legal regulation of th...

After the regression of mountain glaciers, the typical forms of morainic lake basins were created in morainic deposits at the bottoms of the Tatras valleys. During some period they were filled by alpine lakes. During Holocene, a lot of lake basins were deformed by geomorphological processes. Frequently the lakes in them disappeared. Nowadays, it is possible to identify them by precise DTM of relief despite long time interval. In this article, we reconstruct defunct alpine lake in Zelen? pleso valley, its hypotheti...

For many years, quality of life has been associated only with the economic development, and the gross domestic product has been considered as the main indicator of the quality of life and human well-being in particular region. In last decades, new approaches for evaluation of this phenomenon have been defining. The main goal of this paper is to analyse the European citizen?s subjective perception of the quality of life in the context with economic indicators. For this purpose, data from European Union Statistics o...

The paper deals with the creation of historical maps in the environment of geographic information systems on example of prepared historical atlas with an interim title Czech Historical Atlas. At the information age, efforts are being made to move cartographic products into the electronic Internet environment, large atlas works not excluding. The Czech Historical Atlas is a new piece of historical atlas cartography devoted to selected themes of the history of Czech Lands in the twentieth century and was, in accorda...

Land is a common wealth of citizens of the state and the heritage of future generations. It is a basic and non-renewable natural resource and forms an integral part of the Earth's ecosystems. It is and it will remain the basis of Slovakia's environmental, economic and social potential, therefore it must be carefully protected from damage and unjustified decrease in its size, quality and volume. Protection and use of agricultural land is a public interest (public good). Since the validity of Act no. 140/2014 Coll. ...

The contribution responds to the current legal regulations especially related with regard to the recent amendment of the Act on the Protection of Nature and Landscape in the Czech Republic. It focuses on some outdoor activities that may, in certain cases, come into conflict with the interests of protecting the most valuable natural areas. From this point of view, it may sometimes be problematic to run such activities. In this context, attention will be focused on organizational aspects, procedural point of view an...

Worldwide, flooding causes more damage than any other natural hazard. The growing extensive flood risk has a large impact on the present and future economy, especially in developing countries, which have limited funds for prevention and mitigation measures. Moreover, the allocation of these funds is often done without sufficient and adequate information on high-risk and flood-prone areas, since the acquisition of flood data is very expensive as well. Therefore, this research focuses on a low-cost methodology to cr...

The research is based on the materials of the scientific project, whose goal is to develop and create an electronic atlas of socio-demographic development of the Republic of Kazakhstan using GIS technologies. Atlas maps was created based on spatial geodatabase of social and demographical indicators of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Currently, an electronic atlas of the socio-demographic development of the regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan consists of two blocks of indicators: social and demographic. The social bl...

Cadastral maps are essential component of cadastral documentation. They are heterogeneous from many points of view and have several dissimilarities and imperfections. Only one half of them has been created in actual mapping campaign, thus with quality criteria which are sufficient for current requirement of modern society. The fact, that maps are in vector form, does not guarantee their accuracy and quality. The user must be extremely cautious when a digital image of the map is interpreted. The advances in technol...

Following socio-economic changes in Central Eastern Europe, the areas located near water bodies have changed, on a massive scale, their character from that of agricultural areas to that of areas developed with holiday buildings. These changes occur very rapidly, with no opportunity for municipalities to prepare comprehensive area development plans. Cadastral divisions performed to satisfy the new owners? needs do not ensure the sustainable development spaces that are particularly attractive in terms of recreation,...

In this paper we emphasized the main standards with major impact in managing geospatial information in present, focusing on their importance on spatial data infrastructures. A proven importance of standards is to ensure the interoperability. The interoperability can be seen as the ability to link datasets and related services of different types and from different sources in order to minimize costs, redundance and possible problems. There are two main categories of geospatial standards: information standards and te...

Existing legal base regulating behaviour in common and professional ecological situations, problems of the law enforcement is investigated. Analysis of the results showed that ecologist-legal formation should be implemented on the basis of system approaches and multicompound model. Essential distinctions are revealed between the components of ecologist-legal erudition in different groups of trained. Correlation communications are investigated between different components of students' ecologist-legal erudition. The...

The article deals with a number of fundamental questions concerning the study of the disproportions in the development of territorial communities on the basis of geoinformation analysis of the qualitative situation of population?s life activity. Population?s quality of life is the most important factor in the implementation of the balanced development policy, as it reflects not only the social and economic well-being of the population, but it also serves as a tool for monitoring of the state of population?s life a...

The Republic of Kosovo is one of the newest states in the world. Separated from a former communist federation ? Yugoslavia and occupied for over a decade by Serbia, it turned out to be free after a systematic destruction and with great consequences in all respects, including the environment. And of course, being a new state, made Republic of Kosovo to inherit many problems, which were very difficult to solve, while the environmental issues did not even come into the agenda ever to be discussed. In other words, hav...

After the reopening of the ancient Roman mines of La Zarza and Tharsis by the French engineer Deligny, it was necessary to fall back on rudimentary means of transport by horses or using the river. However, when reaching higher production levels, it was necessary to resort to more efficient means. Thus, in addition to the execution of the new railway line that linked both mining operations with the dock-pier of Corrales, many railway stations, small stops and modest housing were carried out for those in charge of t...

Every year, the environment suffers from flooding, droughts, storm surges and other natural hazards, causing major damages and costs to society. Climate change will drastically increase the impact of these disasters and their consequences in the next few decades. Governments and project developers try to cope with these new conditions by implementing technocratic and landscape-led measures in their new urban development projects. However, it is often unclear if these efforts will lead to the desired effects and wi...

The geographic information system is a widely used IT tool to support the management process in the field of geographic information. It is widely used in geodesy, cartography, construction and many other areas. It is used more and more frequently for spatial analyzes, the purpose of which is to determine the impact of various factors on the state of the environment or broadly understood security. Due to its versatility and the increasing availability the attempts are being made to apply this system in new areas li...

In the case of Poland, from the reporting year, 2017, the NFI Directive requires almost 300 companies to disclosure information, at least on environmental, social, and governance, as well as on respect for human rights, anti-corruption. The aim of this article is to understand the degree of conformity within the non-financial information disclosure of Polish Public Interest Entities (PIE)?s, after to the transposition of Directive 2014/95/EU into Polish law. The empirical research was based on the content analysis...

In recent years, dynamic development of GIS technologies has been visible. Many areas and directions of practical applications of spatial information systems were created. One of the fastest-growing and at the same time future-oriented GIS branches are various types of applications that allow access to spatial data via the Internet. An example of such an application are emerging geoportals made available by various institutions. Portals are built using commercial software as well as distributed on the basis of fre...

The paper deals with the ways of creating the cartographic data for replicas of old globes. The first step is to digitize the original old globe and create its 3D and 2D model. In the next step, digital cartographic data are created from digital model of the globe. The paper cartographic materials for production of replicas are subsequently obtained by printing of digital cartographic data. These data are usually meridian gores and polar calottes in high resolution designed for printing and gluing to a globe spher...

The current article makes a comparison between the Web Mercator and Mercator projections, the former being frequently used for web mapping and visualisation applications. Web Mercator shows some significant differences from the Mercator projection: the Earth is approximated to a sphere, it is not conformal and the rhumb lines are not represented as straight lines on the plane. Both map projections were compared here with one another for representing Romania. Through Web Mercator, a shift to the North was found whe...

In Western Balkan Countries, environmental issues have not been properly addressed. After the advancement in education, economics and partial emancipation in these countries has begun to think about the environmental effects. Western Balkan states have a small territory, most of these countries have emerged from the war after the dissolution of Yugoslavia. Therefore, for a period of time they have not been able to find a space, in order to include the environmental impacts among the state priorities. For more than...

To create a digital map of soil salinization in southern Siberia, a GIS project was developed based on systematization, georeferencing, superposition, and handling of available cartographic and attribute information. According to the earlier proposed method, the GIS project corrected and created electronic maps of salt-affected soils in southern Siberia. The major stages and methodology of this work, the problems encountered by the authors, and the ways of their solution with the use of GIS technologies in the Arc...

The Regulation Rules are an air protection device available to municipalities pursuant to Act No. 201/2012 Sb., on Air Protection (effective from 1 September 2012), which is based on EU requirements. It is a short-term device for dealing with smog situations, i.e. extreme conditions of high levels of air pollution, where the threshold values of selected pollutants are exceeded. The paper deals with the legislation on the Regulation Rules of municipality in the Czech Republic (the requirements for the issuing of th...

Design risk is an inherent element of construction works, and one of its sources is the spatial data quality. Cases of damage to underground pipes and cables are often the causes of accidents, delays or construction stoppages. One of the directions of research on this risk is fuzzy logic. Fuzzy logic is used to describe complex or poorly defined phenomena that are difficult to describe by using probabilistic methods. The paper presents the method of risk assessment of underground utility networks damage which is b...

Current stage of development of Russia as a rule-of-law and social state needs new approaches, including legal, on the exploitation and protection of new spaces and resources. The main goal of this article is to analyze the current condition of the legal regulation of the status of Russian Arctic zone from the point of view of environment protection and protection of bioresources, and perspectives of its development and effectiveness. The first part of the article is devoted to the constitutional values which serv...

The origin of the unusual landforms of Baer?s mounds on the Near-Caspian lowland is not well understood. One of the possible approaches to the understanding of natural history of the region is searching of similar regions. In the many papers the problem of mounds origin is revised but with not of review of geomorphological analogues in the World. Some author states that are not exist of similar landforms anywhere else. The topography characterize by the sets of parallel ridges and hollows / valleys. Range of lengt...

This paper studies a hydrographical space with an area of approx. 20,000 km2, located in the NE of Romania. The main objective of the study is to identify and delimit the water bodies (hydrographic microbazins) within the Prut hydrographic basin. This aspect is very important, in order to determine their status, establish future objectives regarding water management and improve or maintain a certain existing status. The methodologies developed by A.N. Apele Rom?ne Bucharest were used for the classification and del...

The article is devoted to the study of regional agriculture using geoinformation technologies. The article focuses attention on the need to apply geoinformation technologies in the process of studying the development of agriculture and rural areas. During the research the main regularities of the development of agriculture at the regional level were revealed. The authors have developed a series of maps reflecting modern processes in the development of the region?s agriculture. The main trends in the development of...

Spatial information became ordinary for everyday use hidden in different kinds of both paper and web maps, navigation, and map applications. People perceive more than 85% of the information by eyesight. Also, the majority of maps is produced for reading with eyes. Visually impaired including blind people perceive the world differently and have the insufficient amount of possible ways how to investigate the surroundings. Also, creating a particular map for blind people is conceptually different, more expensive and ...

The statistical data on the structure of the land fund in Arad County, located in western Romania, highlights changes in the temporal evolution of the surfaces with different uses. One of the causes of these ?migrations? is changing the land use category, for various reasons, legal or technical aspects. In this context, the present paper describes the evolution of the surfaces and the stages that need to be taken to change the land use category, the case study being the ?transformation? from arable into pasture. I...

An article presents a map of a geospatial distribution of most attractive tourist?s objects within Rivne Oblast in Ukraine. A map of geospatial distribution of tourist?s objects was carried out by a vector graphics editor ?CorelDraw X5? on the basis of list of architectural, monumental, archeological, nature objects of national and local importance in Oblast. Was created a map of geospatial distribution of tourists objects within Rivne Oblast and has been calculated their quantity and index of percentage. On the b...

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the negative effects of surface leakage through soil erosion in a hydrographic basin. The analysis, in the context of a phenomenological methodology of erosion, involves the detailed knowledge of the agents, factors and interaction mechanisms. Thus, a multitude of mathematical models have been launched, in order to model this natural phenomenon. In this paper, an analysis of sheet erosion is performed, both in situ and through erosion modeling. This was carried out, by using...

Due to the fact that suitable information regarding the resources in forest administration in very important, forest inventory of fields is used in forestry to assess and monitor forests on a wide scale. Today forest and land cover parameters are estimated using satellite and ground reference data. There are several field and remote sensing methods which are used for providing data but with high cost in order to fulfill and sustain the requirements. An alternative solution to these methods is the Earth Observation...

The algorithm for computation of the spectral characteristics of terrain was prepared. The periodicity of Earth surface is specific В«fingerprintВ» of the cooperation of geological structure, exogenic processes and history of nature development for geomorphologically detached areas. For computing we used DEMs and 2D discrete Fourier transform with moving quadratic window of different sizes. Matrix of elevations decomposes in the Fourier image which defines harmonic waves set. All set of waves determine height fiel...

Variable rate application (VRA) of fertilizers represents specific crop management where N is applied on the basis of information about field yield potential, plant health and quality. The main goal of this study was to assess the influence of nitrogen VRA (VRA-N) on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in winter wheat production. The VRA has been realized according application maps only for production and qualitative dose of N. Application maps for individual fields were prepared by SatAgro Company on the basi...

The clay consists of the tiniest particles of soil, which have a considerable amount of physical and chemical activity with influence on water and nutrient cycles, observable over several scales. Therefore, the Global Soil Map Project (GSM) has included clay content among the key properties estimated across the world at 100 m resolution. Subsequently, in 2015 the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission produced a clay content map of the soil uppermost layer (called пїЅtopsoilпїЅ), converging towards...

Generally speaking, a software interface may refer to a wide range of different types of interface at different levels: an operating system may interface with pieces of hardware. Nevertheless software interface can be use in order to extract a specific desired data format from a certain amount of data volume. In surveying, once with the topographic electronic equipment evolution, the possibility of getting field data measurements has very much increased as much as data volume but also as data quality. One of the m...

Considering that the EUпїЅs long-term environmental sustainability objective is among the United Nations Millennium Development Goals, this article examines how European horizontal legislation promotes products with a low environmental impact throughout their lifecycle and the provision to consumers of accurate, non-misleading and scientifically accurate information on their environmental impact. The article aims to present the legal instruments developed at European Union level to promote high-performance environ...