Browse

One of the most common problems reported in the mature oil-producing regions of the world, i.e. related to the fields that are in a state of declining production or reaching the end of their productive lives, is associated with organic deposits forming both in and around the wellbore. Paraffin, resin and asphaltene deposit (ARPD) has been a problem for operators in many areas since the beginning of petroleum production from wells. There is a variety of techniques and means to control these deposits, and the most p...

The article considers modern operating systems for increasing energy efficiency at the municipal and regional levels. Present successfully applied practices in other regions are given. The essential distinctive features of the proposed system for the Belgorod region are revealed. Described, developed methods and algorithms for managing energy con-servation in the budget sector. The structure of complex interaction of the developed modules used in the created software component is offered. The regional and municipa...

Cement is a silicone-based hydraulic binder, obtained by fine grinding of its components: clinker, limestone, gypsum, blast furnace slag, possibly grinding additives, but also other components such as kiln dust (CKD). The clinker is the most important component of cement, which is a granular material obtained by burning a powdery mixture of limestone and clay, with possible correction additives, in a furnace at 1450oC. The milling of clinker and other cement components is accomplished by means of ball mills with t...

This paper presents the first year of the field experiment to evaluate the possibility of growing corn (Zea mays ssp. mays) in mixed culture (MC) with selected leguminous species. The main objective was to monitor the influence of MC agrotechnology on the yield of maize, individual leguminous crops and evaluation of biological yields through using the Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) for each variant of experiment. The selected legumes plant and corn were grown separately like sole crop (SC) or in MC (legumes and plant...

Mapping, assessment, protection and their introduction in thematic circuits are steps which, once completed, will turn the geomorphosites near Topli?a resort into benefits for tourism. Methodology consists in field research, inventorying and evaluating various geomorphosites, based on scientific and cultural values. Topli?a resort developed in the volcanic area of the Eastern Carpathians, at the entrance in Topli?a?Deda defile, underneath the volcanic calderas of the C?liman Mountains and the Northern Gurghiu Moun...

In Romania, most agricultural farms are subsistence farms and have to face two major problems: lack of capital and impossibility to sell their own production on the market. In the farm production costs, a significant share is represented by the fuel costs (Diesel oil); that is why the authors of this paper evaluated the possibility to lower the costs on the agricultural farms by producing biofuels for the farm own needs. The research work took place at the Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary M...

Ecological state of the Lower Section of the Dnieper River was estimated by method of calculation of integrated index on the basis of monitoring over the years 2013?2016. Self-purification potential and capability of restoration in time and space (along the river stream) of the aquatic ecosystem of the lower section of the Dnieper River was established. The method for assessing the quality of surface water by hydrochemical parameters in accordance with the fishery standards as the most sensitive to changes of the ...

The issue of minimizing the negative impacts of industrial enterprises on the different components of the environment is becoming an increasingly discussed topic in many expert and scientific forums. Despite the fact, that large industrial enterprises are trying to comply with applicable legal standards, using of modern technologies and preventative measures to prevent the occurrence of emergency events, it is not possible to completely exclude the occurrence of these emergency events and their negative consequenc...

In the modern economy competitiveness is put forward as one of the conditions for economic recovery. In order a sector to be competitive and viable in the long term, and to significantly succeed in its activity over time, it has to be ensured with financial stability. The aim of the research is to assess the financial stability in the Latvian fisheries sector. On the ground of the assessment methodology offered by the author and guiding by the available data and their quality, the author analyzes the financial sta...

Nowadays are developed the global ambition to increase the environmental awareness of European countries. The result is the creation of new environmental directives and acts. Several tools have been developed to assess environmental impacts, some of them are mandatory as Environmental Impact Assessment or Environmental Risk Management (are set in Act no.24/2006 Coll.) and some of them are optionally. The best known optional tools are Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS), Green Public Procurement (GPP) or Life Cy...

The analysis of the system principles of stability of the coastal infrastructure in the point of view of marine spatial planning and development of marine facilities of coastal and marine territorial systems of the Russian Arctic showed that at present there is no unified approach to determining the assessment of the stability of coastal infrastructure and environmental impacts caused by several factors. To account for medium- and long-term climate, environmental, economic, legal and geopolitical changes in the Ar...

The industrial objectives in which petroleum products are extracted (oil drillings, separating parks, compressor stations, deposits, transport pipelines) are sources of pollution for the soil and groundwater in the area. The specific pollutants in drilling, exploitation and separation of oil and gas for soil, subsoil and aquifer are: petroleum, pond water, detritus and drilling mud. [1] Starting from the fact that the activity in the area of ?icleni - Romania is an activity of exploiting petroleum products, which ...

In the last decades, transport and handling equipment sites have became progressively pronounced in areas that were recently lacking transport services. In many cases, transport services are not provided in mountain areas and in areas that have not been significantly affected by anthropogenic impacts yet. Local natural materials and asphalt mixtures are used for road construction, in which it causes road movement. Used asphalt mixtures are made up of mixtures of various organic substances, usually aromatic nature,...

The paper deals with general aspects concerning the assessment of the roads technical condition based on the calculation of individual, combined and general performance indicators. Besides general aspects, the paper also presents a case study concerning the assessment of the technical condition on the national road section DN 18 Baia Mare ? Sighetu Marma?iei, Section E, km 52+000?km 62+000. The assessment of the technical condition on the analyzed road section was realized according to the COST 354 action of the E...

There is environmental quality as a one of the factors determining the quality of life in EU countries. EU countries use a combination of different tools of economic policy to ensure environmental (as well as economic) quality. However, environmental protection cannot be implemented without financial support. The most important tools of economic policy, already traditional used, are economic tools, which could improve the quality of the environment and quality of life. Environmental protection has become a part of...

The paper examines the exposure of mountain creeks towards illegal waste disposal practices related to the lack of waste collection services in rural areas of Romania prior to EU accession and the low waste collection efficiency following the closure of rural wild dumps in 2009-2010. The paper estimates the amounts of household waste uncollected and disposed in selected small Carpathian rivers in the North-East development region. The expansion of built-up areas along the water courses leads to waste dumping pract...

The worlwide ascending demographic development automatically determined a growing demand of meat and other derived products from animals raised in livestock farms. Therefore, taking into consideration the fact that, every year, the need for animals food has increased, every compound feed factory (CFF) aims to obtain diversified formulas of final products, depending on the breed and the age of the animals that will be fed. To resist on the competitive market with this profile of production, all compound feeds facto...

In the understanding of the world economy, production factors are natural resources, capital, labour, undertaking and information. Availability and quality of the production factors in time is limited in proportion to the needs, consequently rational and efficient use of production factors play a significant role. The aim of the research is to reflect the availability and quality of the production factors in the Latvian fisheries sector. On the grounds of the methodology offered by the author and guiding by the av...

Barium phlogopite is found as rock-forming mineral of groundmass in kimberlites, composing the Manchary and Aprelskaya pipes of the Khompu-May kimberlite field (Central Yakutia) and in glimmerite xenoliths, occurring in the Manchary pipe. Glimmerite xenoliths are composed of differently oriented phlogopite plates (up to 0,5 cm). Reversed zoning is typical for the most mica grains regarding BaO content. BaO content reaches 14,6% in central zone, and 4,8% in marginal zone. Mesostasis of kimberlites has phlogopite-se...

Trends in waste generation show an increase in the volumes of waste produced worldwide. Currently, municipal solid waste management is one of the primary tasks for environmental authorities in Poland due to industrialization and economic growth, growing income, and an increase in quantity and variation in the types of waste generated. Conventional treatments of municipal solid waste using landfilling have become more difficult and expensive in Poland due to land deficiency and new environmental policies. The objec...

Nomenclature and chemistry of mafic minerals such as pyroxene, amphibole, and mica within the felsic and mafic igneous components have important role in the identification of the nature of the magma. The different compositions with the different proportions of the mineral chemistry reflects their, thermobarometry, emplacement depth and tectonic setting with the relation to their Fe, Mg, Al and Ti contents. Pyroxene, amphibole and mica behavior are selected from the shoshonotic, silica saturated alkaline and silica...

Building Information Modeling, in the broader concept of Building Information Management, is becoming a potentially important technology for maintaining and unlocking knowledge, as well as for promoting collaboration between participants in both investment and communication processes throughout the building's life cycle. Building Information Modeling can never really be just technology, software, or 3D object modeling. It requires knowledge and understanding of a number of abstract modeling concepts. Additionally,...

Due to the rapid increase in the global energy consumption of fossil fuels there has been an urgent demand for the development of alternative energy sources, one of them is a hybrid asymmetric supercapacitor. Electrode materials play a significant role in providing high performance for them. It was proposed as a cheap and environmentally friendly material to use activated carbon derived from plant raw materials. The properties of activated carbon derived from birch wood, corn trunks and leaves and beet pulp as ele...

Direct Red 80 is a commercially produced azo dye commonly used in textile industry. It belongs to a significant group of textile dyes with high chemical stability and resistance to biodegradation. Microscopic fibrous fungi of the genus Aspergillus, as they were isolated from the sludge lagoon (a place significantly polluted by industrial organics), were utilized for biodegradation of the dye. Experiments on static cultivation took place for 10 and/or 20 days, and the results obtained showed the ability of all appl...

The present paper brings to medical, agriculture and ecology specialists?attention a possibility of multivalent investigation of vegetable plants (leaves and fruits) and health of human body, in changed environment factors, due to the pollutants. Scientific studies have shown that human and plants emit electromagnetic fields. ?The aura? or corona?s image reveals information about their energetic state. Today we know that living organisms regulate all their biological processes through electromagnetic phenomena and...

Transesterification does not allow to make full conversion of oil to biodiesel because the glycerol as a by-product cannot be included in the composition of biofuel. The development of methods for full conversion of raw material to biofuel with higher yield remains entirely relevant. Interesterification, a reaction of vegetable oil with methyl acetate, constitutes a full conversion process which has not been investigated sufficiently. Instead of glycerol, the interesterification reaction gives triacetin (TA) which...

The composition of micromycetes of rocks and deposits of the caves Kinderlinskaya and Oktyabrskaya, located in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, have been studied. The caves are formed in the upper Devonian Famennian limestones. These caves differ significantly in anthropogenic load due to their different accessibility to humans. Kinderlinskaya is a horizontal cave with a large entrance often visited by tourists. It needs special climbing equipment to enter to the October cave as it is situated on the height ...

Metal-complex dyes form complex compounds with metal ions. In practice, these dyes shows very good level dyeing, have better penetration properties, can cover up for the irregularities in the substrates, are more resistant to washing processes, and are more stable to light. In molecules of metal complex dyes, pigments and inks, metals are bound that pose a serious risk to the environment in wastewater from textile and leather production. Despite the fact that today most EU countries have strict limits on the conte...

Special orientation during logging is a very important task, and it is essential in almost all borehole tools. For this purpose, various orientation sensors (such as accelerometers, magnetometers, and others) are usually used. During logging, the task is being complicated with increasing temperature range and device vibrations due to the movement along the borehole. Thus, this paper describes experimental results in the downhole logging of the developed digital spatial orientation module, which was integrated into...

Sustainable development of the state or the city as a whole is conditioned mainly by the sustainable development of its individual parts which also include water management infrastructure containing the sewer system. The article deals with the evaluation of the technical condition of the sewer network in the municipality Zaben in the Czech Republic. The first part of the paper describes the basic information about the sewer network in the municipality, its location, condition, age, etc. This part is followed by th...

In the context of sustainable development, special emphasis is assigned on the use of renewable and non-polluting energy sources. An important potential is due to the solar energy. There are several ways to convert solar radiant energy into useful energy forms, the most direct of which is to obtain electricity by using photovoltaic cells grouped into photovoltaic panels. Considering all the factors that contribute to the performances of a solar cell, as there are: solar radiation, generated power, energy productio...

Recently, hydrothermal catalytic process in reservoir conditions (in-situ upgrading) has got remarkable attentions. In this study, the feasibility of the in-situ upgrading of Ashal?cha crude oil (Tatarstan region, Russia) using steam and catalyst co-injection was investigated at the temperature of 350 В°C under high pressure for 24h using a stainless-steel 500-ml batch reactor. The changes in the density/API gravity, viscosity, chemical composition (SARA fractions, the composition of saturates), and elemental comp...

This paper presents the results of the study of Kraft lignin hydrogenolysis process, using 5%Pd/C. The catalyst was investigated using the following physico-chemical methods: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy of diffuse reflection of the adsorption of CO (DRIEFT), transmission electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, the low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. Among the products obtained during hydrogenolysis of lignin the most promising for fuels are...

The proposed paper analyzes an investment project implemented to create a complete, efficient, simple and sustainable Community waste management system for a number of settlements in the western part of Romania. The purpose of these actions is to create a functional intervention framework of the local public administration authorities in the field of environmental protection in the target area. The implementation of the system proposed by this project will lead to compliance with current environmental rules and le...

The iron phosphates coagulant is commonly used in lake restoration to improve water quality and eliminate cyanobacteria bloom. Nevertheless, the short-term abiotic environment transformation in particular inside macrophytes communities is still not sufficiently studied. The field experiments were carried out in mesocosms installed in Chara hispida community. This species is characteristic for eutrophic lakes, therefore is strongly vulnerable to restoration treatments. In the study five parameters were analysed: pH...

Energy policy of the European Union aims to move towards the sustainable and green energetics, therefore, identification and exploitation of renewable energy resources is of high importance in all EU member states. One of the types of renewable energy production is cogeneration of heat and power from biomass. Cogeneration becomes more and more topical in the Baltic States as various kinds of biomass, e.g., forestry and agriculture residues, cultivated plants for biomass are rather easy obtainable. For example, in ...

The cementing of wellbores is of the utmost importance at each stage of the drilling jobs. Regardless the conditions in the well, the aim of the cementing job is to efficiently seal the annular space between the casing and the wellbore wall, and to liquidate absorptive zones and also the flow of fluids in the annulus. The properly performed cementing job guarantees successful and safe exploitation of the well. A correctly performed cementing job in a borehole depends on the design of the borehole, geologic-reservo...

According to FAO, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, global annual charcoal production amounts to 52 million metric tons. Around half of the population in South America depends on forest-sourced resources (firewood, charcoal) to cover their basic energy needs, and in some countries large-scale industrial charcoal usage is further common, e.g. in Brazil in the production of pig iron for steel. To limit adverse impacts on forest health, sustainability of charcoal production merits high atte...

Gas hydrates have been represented as a promise technology for many of applications, as gas mixtures separation, CO2 capture, transportation, and sequestration, transport and storage of methane, and seawater desalination. Reduction of onset temperature/time for hydrate formation and increasing the hydrate growth rate are very critical for these applications. In this study for the first time we want to introduce the application of gelatin as a cheap, biodegradable, sustainable and effective promoter for methane hyd...

Global issues such as resource scarcity, climate change, land and ocean pollution linked to the widespread growth model of production and consumption have led to the introduction of many concepts and approaches such as 'sustainable development' and 'green growth', and etc. It is also a circular economy, and it has many similarities to these concepts and approaches that deal with the relationship between people and their environment. However, it has distinctive use and, in principle, has more radical consequences t...

The paper deals with burning processes, combustible materials and materials. Each fire is accompanied by combustion processes that depend on combustion conditions, in particular the presence of flammable substances and materials, oxidant and source of initiation. Fire is burning spreading uncontrollably in time and space. Fever represents a set of exothermic physicochemical events, in which the redox reactions occurring in the release of a considerable amount of thermal and light energy, at the same time release f...

It is well documented that the interlayer space of clay minerals, notably smectites (e.g., montmorillonite), can be intercalated with wide variety of inorganic cations or organic cations through ion exchange reactions or using other physical and chemical means of interaction. When the modification of smectite is performed with organic cations, their properties change from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. Therefore, the resulting materials become efficient sorbents of organic contaminants in wastewater, e.g., as sorbing...

Carbon capture storage (CCS) technology is expected to help reduce the anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, however, application requires finding the rock formations with sufficiently large storage capacities. Water-bearing formation allow to store a high-volume CO2. Nevertheless, the assessment of the capacity of aquifers structures remains a problem. In this work reservoir simulation was developed to estimate CO2-storage capacity because it allowed to take into account the effect of heterogeneity in an aquife...

The investigated cold spring (10.4-10.9 ?C) is located onto a reverse fault zone within the Subcarpathian nappe (Vrancea region). A small travertine deposit has precipitated along the stream. The spring-water samples display an essentially calcium-bicarbonate chemical facies, indicative of a prevalently meteoric water contribution. Still significant Na and Cl concentrations - each of them amounting, when expressed as miliequivalents, to about one third of the HCO3 concentration - also suggest mixing with a signifi...

Production of electricity in power plants using steam-driven turbines represents today and will continue to remain for decades the main source of such energy, regardless of the fuel consumption type: fossil or nuclear. Even some types of power plants using renewable energy, such as solar energy, transform it first into steam energy. Considering that nowadays about 80% of total world electrical energy is produced by power plants that use steam energy, it is very important that the efficiency and reliability of esse...

Cogeneration, or combined heat and power production (CHP), delivers both electricity and heat simultaneously, which achieves high overall energy efficiency. Although CHP technologies are state of the art, and advantages of their adoption are well known, 70% (European Union) to 80% (worldwide) of the existing potential remains untapped. Initiatives fostering more widespread uptake of cogeneration so far often focus on large scale electricity supply schemes combined with the operation of district heating, while the ...

One of the possible solutions to reduce or eliminate landfill gas emissions is to cover the landfill with bioactive cover layer, where methane is oxidized in-situ. The main innovation of the closure project at Kudjape landfill, Estonia, was to extract the < 40 mm fine fraction from the same landfill cell by using landfill mining technology in order to construct a methane degradation cover and to restore the previous landfill area for the benefit of the community. European larch (Larix decidua) and Norway spruce (P...

The present study explores the impact of natural and climatic factors on the conditions and efficiency of the activities of Russian public utility companies in the context of the theory of the economic system's adaptation to the rapid changes occurring in the natural and climatic conditions using the example of the Far North. Given the change and uncertainty in the factors of the external and internal environment for public utility companies, innovative processes in the field of management are regarded as an imman...

Agricultural production as a share of gross domestic product in Latvia in the year 2016 was 3.2%, which was 1.5% more than in 2015. In 2016, the sown area of cereals amounted to 716.0 thousand hectares, which was about 43.6 thousand hectares or 6.3% more than in 2015 [1]. This indicates the development of the agricultural sector, which will require production resources, as well as appropriate technology machinery to be available. The agricultural sector has to be seen in the context of rural development, where the...

Due to the fact that the printing industry is one of the largest production departments in the EU, its impact on the environment cannot be neglected. The printing activity is based on the use of appropriate substances and chemical preparations. They occur mainly at the stage of preparing printing material and subsequent printing. Chemical and photochemical processes occurring during printing, the use of water and air for cooling machines and devices as well as production wastes - these are factors that may affect ...