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Many exploited mineral deposits are at the final stage of development. The depletion of mineral reserves leads to a reduction in the volume of production and output, as well as to the social tension of single-industry towns, whose activities are directly dependent on the mining and processing industries of the economy. In our research, the initial data are the materials of geological observations and testing of tailings storages of the copper ore beneficiation factories of Kazakhstan. Studies on the composition an...

Since ancient times, chromium oxide was used 2000 years ago by the Chinese to cover the tips of weapons and later, as late as 1988, hexavalent chromium was discovered to be dangerous to humans. Currently, many companies carry out chrome plating of plastic parts, which consists in creating a superficial layer of diffusion, of an iron-chromium alloy with up to 10 - 20% chromium. Coating by electrolytic deposition is the most widely used method for creating protective layers for plastic materials and consists in elec...

An intense seismic activity started on February, 2023, close to Targu Jiu city, in Gorj region (Romania), as part of the Getic Depression. The earthquakes were located nearby the contact between Getic Depression and the Carpathians orogen. The seismic sequence consisted of more than 3100 foreshocks with the highest magnitude of Mw=4.9 (occurred on 13 February 2023), respectively Mw= 5.4 (on 14 February). A stable and automatic method, implemented and optimized in the real time data acquisition and processing syste...

A small amount of flammable gas mixed with dust can cause a large explosion with serious consequences. In this study, explosion tests of hybrid mixtures were performed in an explosion chamber with a volume of 0.02 m3. Spitzer et al. (2023) presented the first ever test of hybrid mixtures with methane as the gas component and a specific cornstarch as the dust sample, investigating the practicality of the whole procedure, the dispersion of the results and the variation between the test apparatuses. The research ment...

A small amount of flammable gas mixed with dust can cause a large explosion with serious consequences. In this study, explosions of hybrid mixtures will be performed in an explosion chamber with a volume of 0.02 m3 and 1.00 m3. Research into testing the explosion characteristics of hybrid mixtures is usually conducted under standard conditions. Testing the explosion characteristics of hybrid mixtures at higher initial temperatures has already been presented in several earlier studies. Hybrid mixtures are created a...

Flood occurrences outline the Bulgarian Skat river catchment as especially floods risk vulnerable territory. The floods observed there cause serious damages. This indicates that additional preventive and mitigation measures are needed. Part of the measures proposed in the connected to the area Flood Risk Management Plan (FRMP) 2022-2027 envisage changes in the rules for the operation of existing dams. In help of this activity in this material are presented the results of a study aiming determination of the potenti...

The Shu-Ile tectonic zone is located along the Jalaiyr-Naiman deep fault (geosuture). It stretches in a northwestern direction, passing in the northern part of the territory into a submeridional direction. It stretches in a narrow strip of about 600 km and is a section of the second ring structure of Kazakhstan. Deposits and occurrences of iron, chromium and non-ferrous metals, gold and rare metals are associated with this geosuture zone. In general, the tectonic structure of the area is quite complex due to the d...

The implementation of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in the construction industry faces various challenges, including the lack of understanding of its broader context. The term BIM is often misinterpreted, with some individuals seeing it only as a 3D modelling tool and not its management aspect, which involves the creation of a BIM database for the entire life cycle of the project. The lack of comprehension of BIM's broader concept limits its potential benefits and hinders its integration. Therefore, there i...

Abandoned and polluted land that appears during deindustrialization and urbanization is generally understood as a degraded area. During deindustrialization, the migration of industrial sectors leaves potentially polluted, unused land in the hands of local governments, so the transition to new economic models creates the right of people to move from urban centers to the outskirts of cities for a better quality of life, resulting in many properties in urban centers becoming dilapidated and abandoned. The existence o...

In the Central Iberian Zone, multiple subvolcanic intrusions were emplaced during the final stages of the Variscan orogeny. The felsic component of this magmatic episode is mainly represented by dykes and masses of granite porphyries and microgranites, which can be commonly found in northern Portugal. Overall, these rocks are more evolved and enriched in rare incompatible metal elements (such as Li, Be, Rb, Cs, Nb, Ta, Sn, and W) when compared to the regional Variscan granites. The data acquired from the lithogeoc...

The most important scientific and technical problem in the field of field development is the most complete extraction of oil from the subsurface while ensuring high rates of development. The solution of this problem is complicated by the fact that most of the oil fields in the Western region of the Republic of Kazakhstan have moved to a late stage of development. At the deposits of the Mangystau region, the composition of borehole products includes resins, asphaltenes, paraffins, salts. All this leads to colmatati...

Addressing environmental issues is related to the scientific, economic, social, and political issues of a particular country. Human impact on nature is increasingly strong to equal to the action of natural factors, resulting in an imbalance of forces between society and nature. Day by day, pollutants accumulate in some or other environmental object, some of which do not take part in the natural cycle and accumulate in the biosphere, causing adverse ecological consequences. Mining industry plays a special role in t...

Various users of small heat sources in household use incorrect solid fuels. This leads to a higher burden on the environment, mainly due to higher production of emissions, but also to various problems during the operation of the heat source. These various complications may arise as a result that these fuels usually have low bulk density, high ash content, low ash melting temperatures, and low calorific values, which lead to combustion problems and often also the emission formation and further environmental burden....

The oil and gas production complex plays a leading role in the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the development of which is associated with the exploration, development and exploitation of not only new, but also mature oil and gas fields. In recent years, the country's large and well-known oil and gas fields have entered the last stage of development, which is accompanied by water cut, deterioration of collector properties and reduction of production rates. One such field is Uzen. Under these conditions it i...

For prospecting works on the Karsakpai-Ulytau area, we used computer modeling of geological structures and a forecast of possible associated minerals. The Karsakpai- Ulytau ore district is located in the ring geosuture zone of Kazakhstan, represented by deep faults and crushing zones, which served as channels for the penetration of mantle melts into the Earth's crust. The area has a complex geological history. The combination of igneous, metamorphogenic and sedimentogenic geological formations of the Proterozoic a...

Lithium is a fast growing sector. It is used in the production of lithium-ion batteries, which are widely used in smartphones, laptops, electric vehicles such as hybrid cars, electric vehicles or e-bikes. The need for this element is dictated by modern demand. The main deposits of lithium, known in Kazakhstan, were explored back in Soviet times, and since then not everyone understood the need for this metal, they were mothballed as a strategic reserve. Such objects include the Medvedka, Akhmetkino deposits, the Sh...

This work is a mineral chemistry study of the pyroxene crystals composing a microgabbro dyke found in the Vila Nova de Foz Coa (VNFC) region of northern Portugal. Several pyroxene geothermometers and geobarometers have also been employed to infer the likeliest thermodynamic conditions of crystallization. Following the IMA 1988 report for the nomenclature of pyroxene minerals, the VNFC microgabbro is rich in Ca-Mg-Fe species. The studied clinopyroxenes are aluminian, chromian, and/or ferroan diopside and augite, wh...

A detailed analysis of the b-value within the Elbasani fault zone, Albania, were studied. From instrumental seismicity in this area have been located 1830 seismic events, with magnitude Ml>0.5 Richter. In the zone of Elbasani, hot mineral water (thermal waters) spot out from natural springs which have been known since the 19th century. The statistical properties of seismicity are analysed by using b-value known as Gutenberg- Richter law. The magnitude of completeness (Mc) value is determined as 2.6, and the bvalue...

The paper presents the possibility of floating photovoltaic farms on the reservoirs of the Olt river in Romania. For the analysis, a database with the solar irradiance evolution for one year in the four possible locations was created, using the PVGIS-SARAH2 database. The locations were chosen according to the surface area of the reservoir, geographical position, and possibility of connection to the national energy system. After the analysis, it was observed that during the cold season, the solar irradiance is high...

The article considers opportunities for using Environmental Performance Levels associated with Best Available Techniques (BAT-AEPL) as the supply chain criteria for the environmental and sustainability assessment of construction industry. Organisations in various countries have been using the Environmental and Sustainability Standard BES 6001 to foster greening of the construction sector for over 15 years. Key requirements of BES 6001 address major management systems of suppliers: quality management (QMS), environ...

One of the areas in Romania where the environment felt from human activities is Jiu Valley (Petrosani Depression), an area where the main activity was mining. This fact led to pollution of the area, pollution that affects both health of population and tourism, which is considered as a viable economic alternative. Investigation of environmental components, identification and analysis of impact sources on air and surface waters are the objective of this paper, which is a first step of a larger research, that will le...

Resilience is an essential psychological trait for rescuers, as their work involves responding to emergencies and disasters in challenging and often dangerous environments. In the case of rescuers, resilience enables them to remain calm and focused under pressure, cope with the physical and emotional demands of their job, and recover from the traumatic experiences they may encounter in the course of their work. Rescuers often face a range of stressful and challenging situations, such as working in confined spaces,...

On the way to a climate-neutral Europe and a cleaner planet in general, it is important to rethink energy supply and build a fully integrated energy system within the framework of the European Green Deal. According to research, renewable energies could provide a substantial part of the European energy mix until 2050. In this mix, hydrogen could represent up to 20%, respectively between 20-50% of energy needed in transport and between 5-20% of energy needed in industry. An economy based on renewable hydrogen can si...

This article considers various approaches to developing taxonomies of green projects and focusing on common requirements of countries and regions. The article also analyses the standards of the International Organization for Standardization and evaluates options for applying its key principles, while developing support instruments to catalyse green projects in resource-rich countries, such as BRICS. The research proposes a scientific rationale for systematising incomplete and controversial approaches to evaluation...

Advancements in remote sensing technology have provided excellent opportunities for mapping the seabed and substrates. Pomorie and Nessebar are ideal for combining single-beam sonar, multi-beam sounding, and drone imaging to map seabed forms and substrates. This paper presents the final stage of the "Multidisciplinary study of Burgas Bay - MidBay" Project. The project aims to create a substrate map and identify different seabed forms. Recent systematic studies have shown that the seabed, beach, and shallowest part...

This paper presents an electro-acoustic instrument, used in geophysical (seismic) prospecting, for the reception of sound waves, namely the geophone. The geophone is a transducer which transforms the displacement of the soil particles into electrical signals. The article aims at presenting the functioning of a standard electromagnetic geophone and of the newer geophone models, built using the MEMS (micro-electro mechanical systems) technology. Below, a scheme for amplifying the original signal generated by a SM-24...

In this article, we will present the types of seismic waves, how their collection is performed and their preparation for analysis and processing. Understanding these aspects can help improve in future any stage of the process, by using new hardware and/or software equipment, in continuous development around the world. There are three steps in seismic exploration of the ground. The first one is seismic data acquisition which is done in a specific location, ground or water, using a seismic source. The seismic wave g...

The use of microalgae as carbon sequestrators requires optimization of the cultivation process. Growth curves for three types of microalgae were plotted. The growth was carried out at different temperatures 30 and 35 ? and with initially different concentrations of inoculum 30 and 3% in order to assess the possibility of growing crops at the lowest cost and with a high yield of a useful product. We used 3 strains of microalgae - potential sequestrators. The introduction of the inoculum at a dose of 30% led to an a...

Georgia is a mountain country, located in the Caucasus region, where carbonate rocks are frequent and geographically well-distributed across the country. The aim of this paper is to introduce the main results of speleo-geomorphological and geophysical investigation conducted in the southern part of the Askhi Limestone Massif (namely Turchu Limestone Polje). Based on the complex studies, karst forms such as sinkholes and ponors were identified, the width of the Quaternary deposits located on the limestones was dete...

Today's time is characterized by a high degree of globalization and trade borders are both physically and commercially open, and a competitive organization must also take into account factors that were less important in the past. Any company that operates in a market environment is influenced by this environment and to some extent helps to cocreate this environment. The current time in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic and the war conflict in Ukraine represents a difficult test for all business entities. In th...

Strategic management and management in general as well as the form of behavioral management of post-mining landscapes is a very important question of how to meaningfully use brownfields that will arise after the end of fossil fuel extraction. The authors of the presented article focused on these revitalization areas in the form of project management from the perspective of strategies for suitable locations. These localities are very important for the further development of the area, and related to this are the pos...

The fourth industrial revolution is currently underway in the global economy. It affects any company, including those applying green technologies whose main purpose is to reduce climate change, the loss of biodiversity and pollution when performing economic activity. Strategic management of the processes is essential for companies to achieve their main goal in parallel with the efficient use of resources when transitioning to a circular economy. Strategic management improves the company-s ability to solve both env...

An intense seismic activity started in February 2023, close to Targu Jiu city, in the Oltenia region (Romania). The strongest events occurred on 13th and 14th February, the first shock with ML=5.2, and respectively the second shock with ML=5.7. These main shocks were followed by specific seismicity bursts (about 2000 foreshocks were registered). The focal depth of the events ranges from 1 to 20 km, most of them being situated in the 10-20 km depth interval. The area of interest is tectonically complex with various...

The purpose of this paper is to study the effects and risks of climate change in Romania. The research methodology used is based on the analysis and synthesis of information from the climate change literature. The main research method used in the paper is content analysis. The authors of the paper find that climate change is already having many negative consequences on health, environmental and economic issues in Romania, affecting all regions. The importance of publishing this study is to increase and improve the...

Chemical flooding allows for the improvement of oilfield performance after standard waterflooding processes. Chemical EOR methods modify different properties of fluids and/or rock to mobilize the remaining oil. It is expected that the residual oil will be different in properties than conventional. A new technology is presented to study a surfactant-polymer flooding, based on a periodic sampling and measuring properties of oil and water during 15 months. At each sampling date, 2D reservoir model was built to track ...

Building fires threaten not only human lives, property and animals, but also the environment. Their safety can be ensured by installing smoke and heat exhaust ventilation system and sprinkler stable fire extinguishing system. However, these devices can negatively affect each other. The procedure for avoiding this negative interaction is different in countries around the world. The aim of this research was to compare the approaches of selected foreign countries to solving the problem of the negative interaction of ...

Directive 2014/34/EU ATEx regulates the placement on the European market of equipment and technical installations for use in potentially explosive atmospheres. The current work aims to describe the design and use of low current equipment in the development of industrial robots used for the inspection of hard-to-reach areas with explosion hazard. Documentation evaluation and testing of equipment with intrinsic safety -i- type of protection (SR EN 60079-11 Equipment protection by intrinsic safety "i") according the ...

The development of the digital society in the light of the world-s sustainable development is uneven. The intensity of ICT processes for different groups of households varies greatly. The immersion of the population into the digital environment caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in an extreme social situation and self-isolation with the ensuing political, social and economic consequences has not yet been properly studied by the scientists and practitioners. In this regard, it is proposed to analyze the relationship b...

Geomagnetic storms cause disturbances in the Earth's magnetosphere, which differ in their spectral composition at different latitudes. The study of local spectral characteristics, both via remote sensing and ground-based data, provides valuable information on the dynamic processes in the Earth's magnetosphere and the longitudinal propagation of the corresponding disturbances. The local spectral characteristics of the moderate (G2) geomagnetic storm that occurred March 13-14, 2022, are obtained. A time series of da...

Restrictions on the planet's carbon footprint are becoming a motivating measure to limit the use of fossil fuels in the European Union. One of the measures to decarbonize the economy is to reduce the use of hydrocarbon fuels (oil, gas, coal). Increasing the potential for hydrogen use in energy is a key point in the conversion of fuels into energy. How the concentration of hydrogen is reflected in the gas supply is an analysis that the energy sector must consider to determine the safe operation and quality of opera...

Habitat fragmentation is a significant threat to biodiversity conservation and the establishment of protected areas has been proposed as one of the main strategies for mitigating its impacts. Romania has established numerous Natura 2000 sites to protect habitats and species of European importance, but their effectiveness remains unclear. In Romania, the Natura 2000 network was established in 2007. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Sites of Community Importance (SCI), part of Natura 2000 network in R...

Evaluation of explosion-proof protected electrical equipment in scope of certification is extremely important considering the risk of explosion that has to be minimized in order to ensure life safety and health of workers and to prevent damaging of property and the environment, as well as free movement of goods when they meet the essential safety requirements at European level. Electrical equipment that operates in potentially explosive atmosphere, have characteristics specially designed for operation in this area...

Several organizations warn of the increase in temperature and the associated extreme climatic conditions for life on Earth. The aim of this article is to point out the influence of climatic conditions on the development of walnut (Juglans regia L.) in the spring months (11.5. - 18.6.) in the years 2018 - 2019, which were above-normal to temperature-normal (compared to the climatic normal 1991 - 2020) and in the years 2021 - 2022, which were below normal temperatures. The impact of the amount of precipitation was a...

As a member of the European Union, Romania must take measures to reduce CO2 emissions, in order to achieve the objective of Europe becoming the first neutral continent in terms of controlling carbon emissions. The paper analyzes the influence of ventilation systems with heat recovery in the process of dimensioning the heating systems related to buildings, both from the perspective of the calculation of heat requirement for sizing the equipment and the annual energy requirement for charging. The analysis simulates ...

The energy sector is particularly important in the Romanian economy, both in terms of its size and in terms of the impact of developments in this sector on other branches of the economy. Developments in the energy sector, particularly in the electricity sector, also have social implications. As a result, the energy regulation institutions have been heavily involved in this area, using all the instruments at its disposal, both from a competition and a state aid perspective: investigation of possible infringements o...

From a geological point of view, Dobrogea presents a wide variety of rocks specific to all three major petrological categories. Plutonic magmatic rocks are found especially in the Macin Mountains, in the form of granites or granodiorites, rarely diorites. Basaltic volcanic igneous rocks are mainly found in the Niculi?el Hills. Metamorphic rocks outcrop in the South of Tulcea County as Micaschists, on the border with Constan?a County, in the well-known Altan-Tepe mining area, but also isolated, to the Southwest of ...

The main scientific problem to which the study is devoted is to determine the relationship between such aspects of the quality of life of the population as: environmental quality, economic inequality and digitalization of households. The relationship between the three studied areas of household life is dictated by the processes of digital transformation, the formation of a green economy, while the phenomena of population differentiation by income is increasing. Nonparametric correlation coefficients were calculate...

Materials and technical equipment, especially their external parts, are inherently subjected to the electrification process during their use. The electrification process of the materials and external parts of the equipment, especially the non-conductive ones, is responsible for the generation, through specific mechanisms, of significant amounts of electrostatic charges. The electrostatic charges generated as a result of the electrification process on the materials and external parts of the technical equipment used...

Cyanobacteria are ancient photosynthetic organisms that under certain conditions (high temperature, eutrophication) can grow rapidly and form "cyanobacterial blooms". Very often, these blooms are accompanied by production of cyanotoxins, which in most cases are dangerous to the other organisms. Knowing the producers of cyanotoxins is of utmost importance, especially today when climate change has been shown to increase the frequency of toxic cyanobacterial blooms worldwide. The aim of the present study was to chara...

The aim of the study is to look for ways for applying the principles of sustainable development in spatial planning through approaches that reflect modern trends in the field of ecosystem research, environmental protection and provide an optimal living environment. For this purpose, the regulatory documents for spatial planning in Bulgaria were analyzed, as well as the possibilities for applying within their framework approaches for objective assessment of the ecosystem-s state and their capacity to provide ecosys...