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The imitator of self-contained self-rescuer is a component of training complex for personnel of coal mines and represents an effective application for development of skills of work with self-rescuers in regular and emergency situations. The task of design of mobile multi-usable self-rescuer imitator with chemically bound oxygen supply in the absence of regenerative chemical agent was formulated. The features of imitator are its mobility (wireless design) and the ability to create and transmit in real time via Wi-F...

The article discusses various methods of rock mining used in open-pit mining.The used machines were presented and attention was paid to the scope of their application and the limitations that they are subject to when mining various types of minerals. Then, the author's method for determining resistance to the mining of undisturbed soil was presented along with an example of application. On the basis of studies on the properties of the undisturbed soil carried out in one of the Polish open-pit mines, the technical ...

Global demand of rare-earth metals production in the last 20 years has the increasing trend. At the same time, according to modern demands of innovative industry, the intensive growth of consumption and production of rare-earth materials is observed. The analysis of publications and the Internet of sources shows that the world levels of consumption of rare-earth production reflects growth rate of economic development and national security for industrialized countries. Export of rare-earth products as a part of hig...

Facilities and technical systems used in coal mines have limited durability. This is the result of very difficult conditions in which they are used. In particular it applies to environmental conditions and not entirely predictable load states of these facilities. Mining machines and devices are also exposed to various types of hazards, which in many cases significantly reduce their durability. For this reason, it is very important to properly use them and supervise and monitor their work. In this respect, huge res...

The current state of the mining industry is characterized by a tendency to rapid deepening of mining, which leads to an increase in the mineral excavation self-cost and negatively affects the safety of production. The effectiveness of an underground geotechnology largely depends on the correct choice of methods and schemes for ore and rock transportation, which is becoming increasingly important, with deepening mining. Currently, the most common transports in underground mining are rail and road vehicles; mine hau...

In the Czech Republic, mining is regulated by a number of laws and decrees. The basis of this article is the approximation of legal provisions and their quantitative expression, the legal provisions applied in the area of economical exploitation of mineral resources in our territory. The provisions of the Upper Law are based on four fundamental principles and, on the basis of these principles, the provisions regarding the economical exploitation of mineral resources can be assigned to the individual principles. Am...

The paper presents information about the mineral resource base of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)-one of the richest regions of Russia in minerals and severe climatic conditions of their development, the presence of almost universal permafrost causes a particular vulnerability of the environment in mining. In this regard, the methods and results of studies of the geoecological state of the landscape in the development of Geosciences, including space surveys of mining operations, the regime of their restoration by ...

The pressure transducer installed in the hydraulic system play an important role for the correct work of the powered roof support. Currently, in the free market economy there are many manufacturers offering a wide range of such products, however, it is often difficult to find a solution that would meet specific requirements, for example when selecting a pressure transducer for a powered roof support. It is difficult to find an ideal transducer that would meet all the requirements for the correct operation of the s...

Underground hard coal exploitation is accompanied by a series of natural hazards. Their number and intensity increase along with the growing depth of exploitation. Amongst the most dangerous hazards in the mining industry, one can distinguish the following: methane hazards, seismic hazards (including the rock-burst hazard) and coal dust explosion hazards. They are a common issue in Polish coal mines, thereby making it necessary for coal mines to identify the level of these hazards. It can also be assumed that ther...

Psychological research makes progress in associating personality traits with specific actions and behaviours, seeking individual differences in brain anatomy and physiology, in body functions and processes of self-regulation, sensation and perception, in information processing and thinking patterns, in behaviour and emotional regulation, in interpersonal interactions and many other psychological indicators. Depending on the characteristics of the work environment, various psychological indicators are involved in r...

Restructuring of mining activity in Romania resulted in active implementation of reconstruction programs, upgrading and modernization of the mines in the Jiu Valley. These programs were aimed mainly at increasing labor productivity safely. Considering, along with requirements for ensuring a safe and healthy working environment, also the issues related to the drained methane valorization and to environmental protection restrictions it was imposed to rethink the so-called "global methane treatment" at the level of m...

Work safety in hard coal mines is implemented based on Geological and Mining Law. It imposes an obligation on the entrepreneur to identify hazards related to activities of the mine and to undertake actions aimed at preventing and removing these threats and hazards. The owner is required to assess the risk and propose solutions necessary to minimize it. These activities must cover all activities performed during the production process and the operation of all types of equipment, including mining machines. The most ...

Modelling is the process of replacing the dynamic system of its model. The loading of mineral resources is an integral part of their circulation. The first loading process is being carried out during the excavation of raw materials. Subsequently, the loading process is carried out in the other stages of its transportation by various means of transport or processing. The contribution describes a model example of loading the selected mineral raw material into the selected type of transport means railway wagon. The m...

Underground hard coal exploitation leads to the formation of granular porous media. These media occur both in the underground parts of mines and on the surface. In the underground areas, these are the caving goaves of longwalls and the caved-in roof rocks in active mine headings. On the surface, these are most commonly the post-mining waste dumps. In both of these cases, a crucial role is played by the knowledge on the resistance of air and gases flowing through these media. In the case of underground exploitation...

The use and maintenance of underground spaces in bedrock, e.g. those formed upon the completion of mining operations, often gives rise to discussion of other uses of remaining tunneling systems. Filling tunnels with rock blocks, concrete and groundwater is not always an optimum decision because this environmentally controlled work requires funding. Another option is to establish underground laboratories (UL?s) at these locations and to use underground spaces for non-quarrying purposes. However, the transition of s...

In this study, the environmental impacts of blasting activities carried out for excavation of a building foundation close to a nearby building were investigated. The study was performed due to the complaints and request of the residents. Before blasting activities (shots), the residents, the investor and the blaster were informed about the environmental effects of blasting, regulations and the measures if an adverse effect occurs. In this scope, 7 shots were accompanied and blast-induced parameters were monitored....

The article presents research on the capacity of Polish mining enterprises to introduce organizational changes. The main difficulties, which are problems arising in the introduction of changes in enterprises are primarily generated by the human factor. Moreover, the efficiency of the organization during the process of change depends largely on the productivity of employees. Therefore, our change management research focuses to the greatest extent on the situation of people in the organization. The authors carried o...

The purpose of this paper is to determine the rate of methane (explosive gas) and of carbon dioxide (asphyxiating gas) in the mine workings of Dej salt mine. In Romania there are six salt mines which exploit the salt through underground mine workings: Dej salt mine, Tg. Ocna salt mine, Slanic Prahova salt mine, Ocnele Mari salt mine, Cacica salt mine, and Praid salt mine. The purpose of the present paper work is to establish the methane release (explosive gas) and the carbon dioxide release regime in mine workings...

Applying iterative techniques to relatively simple ventilation networks, involves a considerable volume of mathematical calculations. For systems encountered in practice, the iterative methods become impracticable if the repeated calculations are to be performed manually. Computers can provide help in calculating mesh correction factors, respectively in calculating the branch flow rates. However, the number of iterations to be applied, along with organizational arrangements for mesh selection and network upgrading...

The paper presents model-in-the loop simulation results of the roadheader cutting speed control system. The roadheader is equipped with an 132kW induction motor supplied from the frequency inverter. The output frequency is calculated by a PI speed controller on the basis of speed error (signal difference between a reference signal from the load controller and the measured signal from the incremental speed encoder). The whole control system model (involving an inverter model, sensor model, induction motor linearize...

The management system of technological processes at open pits is a system for planning and managing mining and transport operations and includes such types of planning as perspective, current and operational. The most difficult to implement and requiring the highest degree of accuracy, and also the most responsible is the shift operational planning. This stage is also characterized by the fact that it requires maximum interconnection and co-ordination of mining planning and management systems. Within the scope of ...

Belt conveying belongs to high-performance, economically and energy efficient continuous system. Optimization of this conveying systems makes possible reducing the total operating costs up to 30%. For this reason is necessary to choice of the suitable structural elements. Conveyor belt is the most important element of this system and quality of its strength properties is a needful prerequisite for a smooth operation of belt conveyors. Insufficient quality of strength properties has a negative effect on the reliabi...

It is a certainty that a rock massif is a very complex environment, known only partially; in the laboratory we cannot produce all the details encountered in situ; therefore, most of the properties determined experimentally not fully express their real value that they have in rock massif. As theoretical basis we might consider theory of similitude initiated by Newton, in the sense of similarity that we can establish to the boundary between theory and experiment. Based on this and considering the applicable theorems...

In a practical context and with a tendency to generalize the dependence between monoaxial and triaxial compressive strength of rocks and qualitative characteristics and also properties of connection between the elements that form the skeleton of studied rocks were analyzed. This qualitative connection was highlighted by means of void index and apparent specific weight. The obtained correlation can be generalized to any type of rock, if it takes into account the amount of adsorbed and absorbed water, the direction ...

This paper pursue ways of effective utilization of surveyor mining documentation fundaments in practical application of mining design and additional following professions. Special emphasis is put on utilization of historical documentation fundaments, nowadays stored in archives. Principal part of paper is dedicated to reverse construction of Pokrok fill solid foundation from analog and digital documentation and 3D interpretation of the results. 3D model of material distribution in the dump body is final result of ...

In this article, the stages of creating three-dimensional geomechanical models in the development of deposits by open method are considered in detail, based on the results of calculating the safety factor of the open pit sides. The geomechanical model consists of four main components - geological, structural, hydrogeological models and rock mass model. The models are based on the geological, hydrogeological, geotechnical data of the field. Such geomechanical models allow to optimize the work of the whole enterpris...

The most important products of the seismological network are complete and reliable earthquake catalogs. Detecting earthquakes over an extended scale, from smallest magnitudes to large events is a critical issue in many studies, such as earthquake statistics, source seismology and seismic hazard. During the last years, the seismic network of Romanian has developed by increasing the number of stations and station coverage. Despite the significant improvement, the coverage is still not uniform all over the Romanian t...

The establishment of the characteristics to mechanical cutting of the rocks through chipping, just as it happens in practice for the bucket-wheel excavator having teeth, represents an elemental problem and underlies the concrete knowledge of rocks dislocation. Interdependency laws among the geometric parameters and technological ones of the chipping teeth, the parameters of the dislocated chippings and the parameters of the cutting regimes which can be established taking into account qualitative and quantitative a...

The main aim of this study is separation of different populations for sulfur and phosphorus as harmful materials using fractal modeling in the Jalal-Abad iron ore, SE Iran. The elements are dangerous for steel production and environment and classification of those elements is important for excavation of iron ores. For this purpose, the grade distribution models for sulfur and phosphorus were generated using ordinary kriging geostatistical model. Then, the various sulfur and phosphorus populations were delineated b...

The belt conveyance plays an important role in mining, bulk material transportation, raw materials processing, and in many other areas (e.g., metallurgy, wood-cutting, and energetics) where large quantities are transported over the distances ranging from a few meters to several kilometres. A conveyor belt, as the basic element of the mining transport, is of particular economic significance. Increasing the belt service life, which can be achieved by reducing the wear of conveyor belts, has a high priority. The top ...

The effectiveness of the currently used hard coal mining technologies results from the mechanisation of this process. Exploitation through long faces with high performance rate is possible thanks to the application of longwall shearers and automated longwall systems. These systems allow for quick and effective mining of the body of coal and transportation of the extracted material from the face region. Their role is also to ensure safety for the working crew. The basic constituent part of the system is a longwall ...

This article aims at developing a method to establish a model employment arrangement based on mining companies using a taxonomic approach and a similarity measure as well as potential practical applications of the presented studies. In order to establish the model employment arrangement, the author uses the production parameters of mining companies significantly affecting the number of employees. As a result, the following algorithm has been proposed: arranging mines into typologically homogeneous groups using the...

Adaptability of training complexes, i.e. the possibility of their optimization for the psychophysical characteristics of the student, is a promising direction in the design of such systems. Design, optimization and implementation of adaptive training complexes (ATC) is impossible without the development of mathematical and algorithmic support, allowing to represent the entire sequence of stages of creation of the training complex. Due to the modular principle of building a system and decomposition of the original ...

The paper informs about the process of development and testing of dynamic cone penetration test semi-automatic data recorder. Dynamic probing is widely used in-situ testing procedure. The test principle is to drive a rod with a cone tip on its end into a soil by a ram. During the test an operator records the number of blow count and value of torque moment evaluating the soil lateral friction with rods. Keeping the handwritten record during test is a concentration demanding process providing large room for human er...

The progress (evolution) of a civilization based on natural resources development has resulted in permanent natural environment destruction. By the beginning of the third millennium it has become evident that exploitation of the planet's mineral resources, being the basis for the existence and progress of civilization, is the cause of the global environmental crisis. The Mining Institute has substantiated a methodology of restoration of natural ecosystems (ecological restoration), which consists in using an idea o...

In the aim of preventing and controlling major accident hazards involving dangerous substances, many risk assessment methodologies have been developed worldwide. Until now, in Romania no formalized methodology has been proposed to competent authorities to determine the risk level of an industrial establishment. Based on the critical analysis of the risk assessment methods, there have been identified the key elements of the methodological basis of risk assessment for establishments concerned by the requirements of ...

Last years, considerable interest has been observed in the methods of mechanical mining of difficult mining rocks, especially those with high silica content such as copper ores. However, such rocks are also found in hard coal mines and other metal ores as well as in tunnels drilling. Mechanical mining allows for a complete mechanisation of the exploitation of deposits and elimination of mining method which uses explosive materials. Nowadays, conical picks or disc tools are most often used for the mechanical mining...

The hazard of tecnogenous earthquakes caused by mining of mineral deposits is increased if they occur at economically developed regions with ecologically dangerous objects. A deep coal mine of the Sinvay deposite in China is an example when seismicity due to mining was an important factor influencing both the mining conditions and ecological environment. At a more than 1000m mining depth the power of rock bursts rose to 107 J and they manifested themselves as minor earthquakes on the earth surface. The increasing ...

The efficient use of both the main and accompanying minerals is one of the fundamental problems of rational mineral resources management. The article presents the problems related to the documentation of limestone, one of the accompanying minerals in the Be?chat?w lignite deposit (central Poland) used for the production of SO2 sorbents and desulfurization in the Be?chat?w conventional power plant, which is located in the immediate proximity of the deposit. Both lignite resources and the annual production (over 42 ...

During extraction of minerals by the open method, and especially in the areas where the dumps are located, as a result of dust emissions into the atmosphere, an unfavorable ecological situation develops, which tends to increase dustiness in quarry work areas as a result of increasing production capacity. In the paper, it is proposed to combat dust formation by mining masses impregnation with liquid preventive agents compositions. The proposed impregnations were selected depending on the season and climatic conditi...

An electrohydraulic control system as a part of powered roof support is required to be equipped with a safety valve. The aim of the valve is to protect the roof support against overloads that may damage hydraulic legs, and subsequently lead to loss of stability of the whole support unit. In order to select optimal operating parameters of the safety valve it is necessary to carry out tests in conditions similar to those in the mine. The tests should reflect the actual load condition of the support as much as possib...

The choice of support design for mine excavations driven beyond the influence zone of stoping in the conditions of permafrost is governed by the service life of the excavations, geomechanical behavior of surrounding rock mass and by working temperature range of ventilation. The research findings on influence exerted by temperature on stress state of rock mass around a single tunnel are presented. Based on solution of quasistatic thermo-elastic problems, the mechanisms of change in the stresses and displacements at...

The flow properties of porous media play an important role in the study of hydrodynamic processes in oil and gas reservoirs. Such characteristics as absolute permeability coefficients, capillary pressure curves, relative phase permeability cannot be estimated from well logs and seismic survey. Their measurements in laboratory are time-consuming and cost expensive. An alternative approach for estimation flow properties is "Computational Rock Physics" using computational experiments on digital models of porous media...

The Rudna Mining Plant is one of the largest underground copper ore mines in the world. It is the deepest of three mines owned by KGHM Polish Copper JSC in the Legnica-G?og?w Copper District. Copper ores are mined below the depth of 1000 meters. The mine has 1250-meter deep shafts. Rock bursts (the first appeared in 1980) are the greatest threats in the Rudna mine. They are defined as a sudden release of energy which destroys or seriously damages mine workings. The rock-burst hazard have to be combated, mitigated ...

The problem of industrial ventilation has emerged as a result of the serious pollution problems that arise both in the industrial and industrial environments. Before addressing an industrial ventilation study, the question should be raised whether there is no simpler means of reducing or eliminating the causes of pollution or of reducing pollution by modifying the production process or the design and construction of the actual ventilation system. Verification of ventilation facilities has a strong preventive role ...

The paper deals with the purchase and sale of electricity in companies like huge opencast brown coal mine. Regulation of electric energy usage is still an underrated component of automatization equipment in some companies. If good energy regulation methods are being used, not only financial saving will be achieved, but also energy supply and distribution system quality will get better. This article describes one of the most important systems for saving money and effectively managing the use of electricity in the m...

This article aims at determining the optimal number of organizational levels in a company's hierarchical structure. Based on this, the author establishes a certain number of managerial levels that simultaneously create the levels in the structure of the priority communication system ? information exchange ? in an organization. Also, the role of managers in an efficient and effective information flow is presented. Businesses that operate by market principles must strive for the highest possible efficiency and effec...

The publication concerns the issue of losses and gains related to the rock mining activity in the whole business life cycle of a mining undertaking in relation to: mining entrepreneur, communes, local communities and the environment. The analysis of the issues was conducted for three specific stages of a mining undertaking: identification of geological resources and technical and economic analyses of an undertaking, preparatory works, deposit opening and mining as well as winding up of the mine. The conducted anal...

The paper is aimed at estimating the abundance of polymetallic nodules in the Pacific area is administered by the Interoceanmetal Joint Organization (IOM) using statistical and geostatistical methods. Polymetallic nodules occurring in the Clarion-Clipperton zone in the Eastern Pacific Ocean contain numerous metals, of which the most important are Co, Cu, Ni, and Mn. In the area administered by the IOM, the four genotypes of nodules are marked with the following symbols: D and D1 (diagenetic), H (hydrogenic), and H...

Rocks can be structurally represented as layered bodies, whereby the layers can be located at different orientation angles with respect to the original ground. Such angles are usually called the bedding angles. To avoid mistakes in the calculations of the stress-strain state of rock massifs, it is very important to take into account the dependencies of mechanical properties of layered rocks on the bedding angle. Also, rocks are at a certain depth under hydrostatic compression conditions. For an adequate simulation...