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Ensuring shaftпїЅs safe operation is the primary aim of measurements and observations performed in mining shafts. This involves not only determining the current technical condition of the mining shaft, but also determining causes of observed changes. In Poland, in order to preserve the efficiency of every shafts several inventory works have been performed, described in details in Ordinance. Observations пїЅ including visual assessment and metric measurements пїЅ are performed within a specified time interval. So t...

The knowledge of temporal changes in land use as well as the proper interpretation of such changes is one of the factors that allow accurate diagnosis of problems that affect the development of rural areas. It helps to make decisions related to various types of changes that the areas may undergo. The identification of changes in land use is possible thanks to the analyses of satellite imaging, aerial scanning, and ground-based measurements completed with different measuring methods. Characteristic features of each...

Mapping of appearance and geometry of complicated industrial objects is a complex problem which requires that properly planned and prepared surveys are performed. Usually, detailed inventory must be performed for industrial objects. However, their complicated structure and difficult access to their entre surfaces result in limited visibility of the object. In this paper the commercially available CAD programmes (Kubit PointSense, LupoScan Pro, Autocad 2016 Geomagic Studio) are discussed; they enable the 3D modelli...

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) - the, so-called, drones, are changing the way of work of many professionals. Drones are characterised by small dimensions, relatively low prices, simple navigation and the wide possible applications; this results in growing interests in their use. In the process of real estate validation a real estate expert is obliged to perform the site inspection and to analyse a real estate with respect to its surroundings and to prepare a report of those operations. It should be assumed that t...

The paper presents made for Salt Mine пїЅWieliczkaпїЅ: <System of video monitoring of the housing and shaft reinforcement condition during sealing the rock mass around the mine shaft "Kosciuszko">. It was used during the monitoring of sealing the rock around the mine shaft "Kosciuszko", and now serves for periodic visual inspection. Due to the fact that ongoing work injection may lead to deformation of the shaft lining and reinforcement the system that allowed real-time monitoring of the shaft was built. The proce...

The paper refers to the way in which some conflicts between the complainants and a mining operator were solved. The mining company had built a dump on a valley and after a short time, several houses and land were damaged. Although the possessions were at a considerable distance from the stockpile, the owners accused that the groundwater and soil water flow was changed after dump construction. The mining company was sued. The court requested an expertise to determine the true cause of degradation homes and verify t...

This paper describes the possibilities, process and results of the electro-optical distance meters (EDM) of the universal measuring station (UMS) testing. A substantial part of this paper is devoted to the principles and procedures for checking and testing of electro-optical distance meters according to the international technical standards STN ISO 17 123-4:2013: Error! Reference source not found.. In the paper are defined the general requirements of the standards. Also is described a simplified and complete testi...

Ground based radar interferometry is one of the currently used, remote measurement technologies allowing to determine the displacements of the monitored area. This technology use a radar operating in the microwave band, which emits a beam in the direction of the monitored area, and then after reflection processes and registers it in the form of radar image. In order to determine the value of the displacement it is necessary to perform at least two measurements on the basis of which the interferogram is generated. ...

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers are currently the standard equipment for precision positioning, navigation and timing, but their use in difficult environments, such as open mining pits, deep quarries, roads in canyons, is hindered by multipath propagation conditions or interference from adjacent equipment. In this paper, the improvements in signal tracking brought by use of vector tracking loops in GNSS receivers are analyzed. The effects of multipath conditions on tracking errors are diminishe...

With the advance of mining to greater depths, the fully protecting safety pillar of shafts is progressively diminishing. Thus a certain part of the mineshaft and of the protected area on the surface is influenced by undermining. In such a case, it is necessary to assess the expected effect of mining on the mineshaft and the surface objects in relation to the preservation of their stability. Subsequently, it is necessary to carry out direct measurements of movements, and, if the case may be, deformations both in th...

The aim to the research was to compare or thometric heights, de termined by real-time kinematic (RTK) Global Positioning System observations and local geoid models in Adana city, Turkey. GPS network had been established according to Large Scale Map and Map Information Production Regulations (LSM&MIPR) in Adana metropolitan city at 2008. In study field total area is 663.05 km2 451 stations which are 2 items Turkish National Fundamental GPS Network (TUTGA ) points, 6 stations graded by C1, 35 stations graded by C2 a...

Water vapor monitoring represents a vital pr ocess in understanding the global climate and predicting the weather, especially rainfall events. Knowledge of the total amount of water vapor and its distribution, both spatial and in time, is considered also to be the key to a more accurate description of the state of the atmosphere that can lead to improved numerical weather prediction models. GNSS Meteorology refers to the mapping of integrated water vapor throughout GPS networks and their corresponding tomography, ...

GIS (Geographic Information Systems) is an organized collection, comprising of hardware, software, data and staff for: acquisition, pre- analysis and selection, sorting, processing and storing, updating, global or/and thematic analysis, displaying domain specific spatial informati on. The informational system regarding the complex information activities for the development of management process represents the entirety of sources, procedures and means through which information is processed inside that activity. Th ...

Gravity which is the basic potantial, can be used in geodesy, geology and other field of engineering. In order to portray earth surf ace, geoid is needed which is the shape of globe and tranquil sea surface lands are believed to keep on under them. In order to determine the geoid, gravity should be k nown. Corrections for the gravity value differences sourced by gravity values, whic h are measured on earth surface, should be done that these corrections are called as gravity reducing. In this study, and latitude an...

Applicability of a geodetic point can be defined by its compatibility. A point compatibility is well described by its coordi nate differences dC=CВґ- C using for point coordinates their official values C just as the contemporary ones CВґ from new measurements. Point compatibility is acceptable and the point is usable, if dC are little values only. The quantities CВґ and dC can be determined from te rrestrial or satellite measurements. To verify th e point compatibilities, the su rveying results for actual geodetic...

The calibration baseline of the Faculty of Geode sy, University of Zagreb, is the longest calibration baseline in the world numbering altogether 25 pillars. It was built in 1982 for the purpose of testing and calibrating the electro-optical distance meters, and today even GNSS instruments can be tested there. Th is calibration baseline provided a mutual standard scale for the calibration of instruments at the distance up to 3100 m in the Republic of Croatia and wider region. In this paper the determination of coor...

The determination of heights using the me thod of geometric levelling belongs to the most precise geodetic measurements. The majo rity of errors in geometric levelling can be eliminated in the most part by testing and rectification of instruments, by selecting an appropriate measuring method and the most convenient external conditions and the time of the day and the year. The errors that canno t be eliminated in f iled conditions are the error of staff scale, the error of irregula rly attached staff scale and the ...

Installation techniques of pipes line, such as water, sewerage, gas etc. are changed nowadays. Because of conventional inst allation of pipes in trench has many disadvantages, such as disruption to traffic flow, loss of access, noise, additional safety and technical problems with other buried se rvices, trenchless pipeline technologies are used widely nowadays. Settlements of the road surface are not to be expected as well as road repair work is not necessary along the pipeline for trenchless installation. There h...

Realization of the Sarajevo City Center (SCC), the largest business center in Bosnia and Herzegovina, began in October 2008. It is going to be a huge building, measuring over 170 x 75 meters. Its excavation pit, with a depth of 22 meters, was the largest on the Balkan peninsula. The building, whose constr uction is underway, is located in a central downtown Sarajevo area. It is positioned ne ar the tram lines, cultural and historic heritage, state institutions , residential buildings, et c., which are endangered b...

The railway lines in both sides of Istanbul have been connected to each other by an underwater tunnel passing through the Bosphorus . This type of tunnel is known as immersed tube tunnel. Immersed tube tunne l is a part of MARMARAY project that is continued nowadays. MARMARAY is a rail transport project in Istanbul. It consists of the construction of an undersea rail tunnel under the Bosphorus strait. Suburban rail lines along the Sea of Marmara from Halkal Д± on the European side to Gebze on the Asian side will b...

The branch of mining surveying science and engineering that uses measurements made in the field, and also subsequent geometric constructions, as a basis for the study of the structure of a deposit, the spatial arrangement of mine workings, and the processes of stresses in rock and the earth’s surface in connection with mining work. It also reflects the dynamics of the production process of a mining enterprise. Mine surveying work is done by means of mine surveying instruments. Data from mine surveying are synthe...

This paper discusses the practical implementation of terrestrial laser scanning for ovalisation measurements of newly built concrete railway tunnels. Also an accuracy assessment is performed and then an overview of the measured deviations is given. This research is based on the ovalisation m onitoring of concrete railway tunnels for the first projects of this kind in Belgium. Thes e tunnels are measured with laser scanning during the first three months after construc tion. For all measurements, the concrete surfac...

The advantage of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) over other terrestrial technologies is that it is not affected by uncertainties in the ground layers of the atmosphere. At present, manufacturers characterize the accuracy of vectors measured by the static method of GNSS technology using values 5 mm + 1 mm. But also exist different methods of choice the cofactors of measured quantities by GNSS. The paper presents experimental measurement of the 3D geodetic network using the technology of the GNSS, process...

For the analysis of various geological featur es can be derived from minimal anomalies caused by mass distributions, we present an ex tensive geophysical re cords. It is quite clear that at this stage; on ly a comprehensive analysis of data submitted by the various branches of geology can advance our knowle dge on geological structure and causes for it. Classical correlation between gravity anomalies of sedimentary basins of major minimum and is the most common significant abnormalities that may be of this type.

The aim of this study was to determine changes in surface area and volume of the Sille dam reservoir, in Turkey, according to the water level. To adopt measures for collecting more water in dam reservoirs, reservoirs and ponds, to prevent water pollution, protect water sources and extend the service life of these facilities, it is important for users (Municipalities, SHW and Irrigation Unions etc.) to know the current topographic conditions and any changes in the storage capacities of these facilities. Sedimentati...

Urban transformation includes the subjects of bringing its function to the places that lost their features, renewing the unhealthy and unlicensed buildings in the city, Transformation of the buildings that might affected from the natural disasters to other using areas, defining the urban functions correctly and planning them, renewing and developing the urban substructure. The aim of the urban transformation is to make the area which is the subject of transformation habitable and make the conditions better. To ach...

The paper describes the automation of astrogeodetic measurements in determining astronomic station coordinates $\Phi$, $\Lambda$ and determining astronomic azimuth A. The automation has been developed at the Faculty of Geodesy, University of Zagreb. The results of precision testing are presented. There are also the applications of automated astrogeodetic measurements in engineering geodetic practice illustrated, first of all those needed for the determination of the surface of astrogeodetic geoid and for independe...

In Republic of Croatia the Law on State Survey and Real Estate Cadastre regulates the maintenance of cadastre and its gradually adjustment to the real estate cadastre, Currently, is in progress the establishment of real estate cadastre by the new cadastral surveys for 5\% of the Croatian territory. For the remaining areas establishment is planned by individual parcel translation. The most important and difficult precondition is cadastral plan geometric accuracy improvement (homogenization). Pursuant to Law Article...

Deformation measurements and analysis are one of the most significant subjects in geodesy. Deformation monitoring and taking precautions on time is very important for safety of people and facilities. In this research, three period measurements were done in a trigonometric levelling network. S transformation and Kalman filtering techniques were performed for detection of vertical deformations. Results showed that both methods determined vertical displacements at the same points. Moreover, the values of velocity and...

The Republic of Croatia, as any other country in the world that has been faced with the war consequences is burdened with one of the most difficult consequences – mine contamination. Therefore the most sophisticated Mine Information System (MIS) has been established in the Croatian Mine Action Centre (CROMAC). Mine Information System of the Croatian Mine Action Centre applied in the system of anti-mine activity in the Republic of Croatia. Geodetic measurements of searched and demined areas is one of the actions ...

Tunnel ’’St. Ilija’’ is on the road that connects the Makarska Riviera and a new highway through the mountain range Biokovo (Figure 1). With a length of 4250 m, it is currently fourth road tunnel in Croatia, but also the tunnel with greatest overburden of 1300 m. According to the available information this is a road tunnel with the biggest limestone overburden in Europe, and as such it represented a real challenge for all who participated in its construction. This article describes the geodetic works that ...

GPS (Local Positioning System) technique is still the most applied positioning system in practical applications and engineering projects in our country and in the world. Since GPS measuring is commonly used in every kind of geodesic study, heights used in practice can be obtained easily in demanded accuracy from GPS. However it is necessary to determine geoid which had enough precision in working place. Because geoid is a natural relation between the ellipsoidal height (h) determined by satellite and orthometric h...

The test network of geodetic base is located at the territory of the park Jelenovac in Zagreb. The test area is rather unstable and suspected of ground subsidence. The geodetic base has therefore been renewed and established for the purpose of monitoring and analysing vertical movements of the geodetic control network. The state of the existing geodetic control points has been recorded and damaged points have been renewed, and destroyed points stabilized anew. The stabilization of points has been made on concrete ...

The Act on protection and conservation of cultural goods has been in force in the Republic of Croatia since 1999. It defines types of cultural goods and measures for their protection and conservation. The main authority for protection and conservation of cultural goods is the Ministry of Culture. This paper will describe geodetic works on saving a protected cultural monument. Results of the analysis of movement measurements over a longer time period will give insight into the real conditions and enable experts to ...

Form time to time real estate owners have problems from each other because of demanding access right from neighbouring real estate which has no bordering to cadastre or reconstruction road. Neighbouring real estate owner doesn’t want to allow the others who want to go their fields, lands or gardens with their vehicles and equipments. According to the Turkish Civil Code Article 747, landlord who doesn’t have enough way from his land to the general road may pay in consideration of demanding an access right from ...

A man-made structure or natural phenomena like crustal movement, vertical land movements, subsidence determination, etc. is subject to deformations due to forces on them. Deformations of a structure require rigorous analysis to reflect significant movements. In general, deformation analysis relies on the reference network that is set outside the deforming area so that a comparison could be possible. However, a geodetic reference network is itself subject to movement. Therefore, the stability of the reference netwo...

Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) introduced revolutionary changes in the positioning and navigation, but it is well known that the precision, reliability, availability and integrity of the results obtained by this technology, largely depend on the number and geometric distribution of the satellites being tracked. This is especially problem in areas with limited sky visibility, such as urban canyons, dam monitoring in valleys, deep open-pit mines, larges construction sites. Furthermore, indoors or undergr...

Since the geodetic control points are the base for all surveying tasks, the quality of these tasks will directly depend of the quality of geodetic control. The main two elements of geodetic network quality (accuracy) are its precision and reliability. There are different precision and reliability measures for the geodetic control. The positioning precision, as one of the most important component of geodetic network quality, has been expressed in various ways depending on the positioning method. The standards have ...

Operation research is scientific system discipline, that at the same time ranking to the praxeology disciplines – science about rational organization of human activity, applied to the area of management in the economy and in the other areas (research, health care, transport, schools, state administration, urbanism, cosmic research, army, etc.). Operation research is orientated to the operation of production, transport, division, services, supplying, stocking, renovation, development, conflict solving, etc. Many ...

One of the most important factors in economical development is using the resources efficiently. Land possession has a special importance in agriculture which is one of the main sectors of economy. Land is a limited and needed resource which is impossible to reproduce. On the other hand, many scientists explained that agricultural lands have been reduced day by day. For that reason it is necessary to make every kind of regulations and implantations for efficiently and fertile use of lands. One of the most important...

Based on the results of data processing of regular GPS surveying of point field stabilized in the selected location with an active underground mining of coal deposits, it is possible to monitor the development of creating of subsidence depression. One analysis to assist in better understanding of the ongoing processes is the spatial-temporal analysis of shifts of individual points, which serves as a basis for describing degree of influence of the monitored coalfaces on the progress of deformations of different par...

The general purpose of seismic acquisition is to give the research-worker knowledge about the various strata beneath the earth’s surface. The seismic exploration is based on the recording of reflected seismic waves generated from vibrators and deployed directly onto the ground via hydromechanic pads, mounted for the vibrators. The vibrator vibrates through predetermined points, known as “source” points. The registration of the reflected waves is commited also at predetermined positions, known as “receiverв...

The application of precise geodetic measurements in industrial surveying is very important in defining the axes or planes in which individual parts of equipment are installed in the process of their assembling. Apart from that, it is necessary to control the whole or some parts of equipment after assembling and putting it into operation for the purpose of obtaining high quality operational procedure. This paper describes the procedure of applying precise geodetic measurements and measuring data processing on speci...

The problem of converting the points in a coordinate system to another coordinate system is very common in Geodesy and Photogrammetry Engineering. The coordinates in a coordinate system can be derived from the definite coordinates of the points in another system by means of coordinate transformation. The type of transformation is determined according to the objective of the transformation and the number of the common points in definite coordinates. Similarity (Helmert), Affine and Projective transformation methods...

The “Pecine” Tunnel is located on the Croatian national road D404 which connects the centre of city Rijeka and Su\vsak port with the Rijeka Bypass. Because of many specificities, namely, three-lane and four-lane sections, two connections, tunnel’s location near the residential area and railway, it was required special approach to its construction. In this paper geodetic procedure and the results of stake out supervising of some tunnel elements, cross profile surveying, as well as verification and adjustment ...

The possible effect of the reductions to the measured distances between the points in a geodynamic geodetic network on the reliability of the subsequently calculated deformations has been analyzed. Experimental investigations on the basis of doubly measured spatial chords from the real network and their analogues in UTM-projection have been planned and implemented. Reduction adjustments have been indisputably found to lead to distortion of the deformation model.

Two models have been proposed – static and kinematic – for modelling of the contemporary vertical crustal movements. Herein are demonstrated: the mathematical mechanism, the experimental investigations, the analysis of the results and some graphical representations. Based on the modelling, the relevant conclusions have been drawn.

One of the two main elements create our professional discipline is the effort to determine the shape of the earth and related developments in measurement methods and techniques, the other is the cadastre and title studies connected with the phenomenon of property. The currency, reliability of the present title and cadastre data on the usage of national database isn’t sufficient to respond the needs of technical and information technologies. Land arrangement works in Turkey has been carried out under the two main...

Urbanization in many aspects in the process of social change and forming has its own distinct features. Especially urbanisation in the developing countries like us has been experienced a process including both traditional and modern institutions and socioeconomic structures. The most important component on implementation of the plans which prepared to redirect the development is plan implementation tools. In this way, while the plan application was being provided, the equal share of urban income can be given by th...

The calibration of the geodetic apparatus is nowadays viewed as common. It is recommended to test it as soon as the new apparatus has been purchased, as it is necessary to find out whether the apparatus meets the parameters declared by the manufacturer. It is also necessary to test it at regular intervals (during the period of two or three years), after it has been repaired, or if any deviation has been found during the process of surveying. The testing of geodetics apparatus are preceded in such a way they corres...