Browse

The inorganic migration forms of trace elements in the lakes of Western Mongolia characterized by a high content of such trace elements as U (up to 3 mg/L), Li (up to 82), Br (up to 718), Al (up to 0.4) were calculated using HydroGeo software (Bukaty, 2002). All studied lakes have high concentration of total dissolved salinity (TDS) that ranges from 1 to 360 g/L and high pH values varies from 6.9 to 10.3. According to calculated results Br, Li, Rb, Na, K, Sr, Ca, and Mg in lake waters migrate predominantly in ioni...

In the present study, chemical speciation of heavy metals in bog water and peat deposits, collected from the territory of the Kokchetav mountain group, North Kazakhstan, is described. The purpose was to evaluate quantitatively migration, distribution, and redistribution of the elements by the example of the natural object as a basic tool for the study of geochemical cycles of elements. Studying of the chemical composition of bog and pore water has been carried out, their comparative characteristic was executed, me...

The article presents a classification of small watersheds in the Czech Republic in terms of potential hydrological response to a set of design precipitation time series. Watershed classes as well as precipitation time series were derived as a partial result of a three-year project aimed at the design of typical soil conservation measures and small water management structures. Design precipitation scenarios were derived in an analysis of both rain gauge and radar measurements taking into consideration the precipita...

The design of the new protection scheme in the EforieпїЅs area was done based on yearly averaged incident waves from the dominant NE wave energy direction, with associated preferred coastline, which agrees well with a natural behavior of the present shoreline. The sand nourishments were constructing the new overall orientation of the computed shoreline, now in post-construction period corresponding to a new orientation of the coastline. The present work presents the functional effectiveness of the model simulation...

Hydrological process modeling is used to predict the contribution from rainfall-runoff, infiltration, groundwater recharge and evaporation. For this, information related to the interception and movement of water within the soils is needed which requires accurate soil hydraulic characteristics. However, field or laboratory measurements canпїЅt provide practical solutions for them. In this paper an indirect method, pedotransfer functions (PTFs), are searched in estimating the soil hydraulic characteristics for Kuruk...

The objective of this paper is to present time and space analysis of drought occurrence in the agricultural regions in Slovakia. It considers the most important natural environment factors influencing the occurrence, duration and intensity of this phenomenon. The analysis of the occurrence of meteorological and agronomic drought was performed for the period 1961 пїЅ 2014. The results detect the importance of dealing with the problem of drought in Slovakia. Drought occurred every year during investigated period exc...

This work discusses the creation of a river flow generator, which uses as an inputs temperature and precipitation data. These input data could be an artificial series of mentioned climatic variables (especially in context of climate change studies), but when assessing the present-day state, measured data may be used too. For this purpose hydrological model and machine learning model is used. In order to increase the accuracy of the flow generation, the authors have designed and tested various variants of data driv...

Construction of water storage lakes, necessary for different uses (irrigation in agriculture, water supply for population), implies sizing of the facility so that it can permit the transition of flood flows that could happen on the river where the water storage lake is positioned (built). Such a water storage lake is dimensioned, according to normative standards, for a flood which corresponds to a certain probability calculation. Taking into account the fact that frequently from the moment of finishing the constru...

The purpose of this paper is to present the flood hazard maps using 2D hydraulic modeling. Many economic, social, environmental losses as well as casualties, occur annually due to floods [4]. To reduce the risk of hazard, flood hazard and risk maps are required for different probabilities of their production and creating models that can predict floods in production time, based on information received from sensors located on watersheds. Very important for an effective management against floods have become nonstruct...

Based on data from long-term observations, dedicated to the study of mercury behavior in water bodies at the estuarine area of the Northern Dvina River, factors, criteria and indicators were identified. The choice of the "reference object" of the Northern Dvina River, due to the fact that based on the literature, and field studies here identified a relatively stable level of mercury in different components of the natural environment, and there are sources of anthropogenic mercury in the ecosystem in the absence of...

The dispersion is one of the most important pollution transport phenomena, which is used in numerical water quality models. The dispersion rate is described by the value of the dispersion coefficient in the advection пїЅ dispersion equation. The most reliable way of determining the value of the dispersion coefficient is the field tracer experiment. The results of the field experiments are affected by various influences, which occur in the real flow conditions - one of them is the occurrence of transient storage zo...

Article contains results of studying of quality of water of the Shershnevsky reservoir. The relationships between water chemistry parameters and aquatic macrophytes Shershnevsky reservoir (Russia) were investigated. Data on water quality and species diversity of macrophytes obtained from field studies conducted during the last two years. We studied the physico-chemical parameters such as water and air temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide, nitrates, nitrites, ammonia, phosphates, chlor...

One of the main tasks of water management is to achieve good water quality. Important auxiliary tools in this case are mathematical models that currently are incorporated in almost every numerical model, used to solve problems in everyday practice of water management and engineering. A dispersion coefficient is one of the crucial input parameters of transport processes. The paper is focused on determination of dispersion coefficients in sewers, as in prismatic and straight stream channel with relatively constant r...

Wastewater treatment plants that currently lack biological step have a low efficiency in wastewater treatment. This causes polluted emissions to be discharged into emissaries. An example of this is Drobeta Turnu Severin wastewater treatment plant. Drobeta Turnu Severin City in Mehedinti county currently has 108 246 inhabitants, of which 80% benefit from centralized drinking water distribution and centralized system for collecting and transporting wastewater to the treatment plant. Drobeta Turnu Severin has a waste...

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the viability of investment into a waste water treatment plant using electrochemical clean-up technique which could replace the existing waste water treatment plant operating on reverse osmosis principle. The evaluation was performed from the technological and economical point of view. First, a pilot waste water treatment plant was built within the existing facility and operation parameters were optimized. Next, the efficiency of waste water purification was assessed ba...

This paper evaluates the abnormalities in monthly, half-year and annual rainfall totals in the Western Tatras Mts for the period 1994 to 2013, issuing from the values recorded at the precipitation stations Bobrovec situated at 632 m a.s.l., Zuberec at 763 m a.s.l. and ?ervenec with an elevation of 1,500 m a.s. l. These stations have also different exposures as for the dominant wind flow: Bobrovec is situated on the leeward side, Zuberec on the windward side and ?ervenec in the summit part of this mountain range. T...

Several spatially distributed soil moisture estimates of different origin, spatial and temporal resolution are currently available for Europe or individual countries. These estimates range from gridded observations and satellite products to the estimates of large scale and/or spatially distributed water balance models. The estimated soil moisture is potentially useful for improving the water balance assessment with hydrological models in gauged and ungauged basins and reduction of uncertainty in the estimated para...

To evaluate hydrological drought in small basin was used minimum flow parameters like percentiles from the flow duration curve, mean annual minimum flow, base flow index and recession index. Water deficit was estimated based on threshold level method and the sequent peak algorithm. Each method was exemplified using data from hydrometric stations from small basins included in Bahlui drainage basin. The results show that in the period between 1950 and 2014, the average drought duration of the cold season is over 20 ...

The article presents the results of the research carried out in order to assess the possibility of using surface water of the Dniester River in the Halych area, for the public supply of water intended for human consumption. These studies included double sampling of surface water in different seasons and their physicochemical analysis. This assessment was made on the basis of the received data in accordance with the Polish applicable requirements [1]. In addition, an assessment of the water status of the Dniester R...

Safe water quality is strongly related with good human health and the presence of undesirable species may pose various disturbances. Accordingly, evaluation of drinking water quality is needed in order to secure if water is appropriate for human consumption. The aim of the research was to evaluate the quality of drinking water collected from M?neciu-Ungureni, Prahova County during 6 sampling campaigns from 7 wells. The evaluation was based on determination of some specific parameters, as follows: pH, electrical co...

The growing demand for wastewater treatment encourages the development of alternative processes. Some of the main characteristics required of these alternative processes are a small footprint, ease of operation, low sludge generation and improved efficiency. Among the current technologies, the Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) and the Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) are alternatives that combine some of these required characteristics. On the other hand, ever since 1959, when the term пїЅnanotechnologyпїЅ was introduced,...

Unique reservoir of Kazakhstan is a reservoir-cooler of Ekibastuz GRES-1, located on the territory of Pavlodar region in 17 km to North-East from Ekibastuz town. It was founded in 1979 in the washed basin of former bitter-salty lake Zhengeldy by filling with fresh water from the Irtysh-Karaganda canal. Currently, water of reservoir is used for technical supply of the power plant, and in the future, it will be used for fish farming and irrigation purposes. The results of many years of comprehensive experimental fie...

Floods are natural catastrophes which cause environmental and structural damages as also casualties. There is growing concern that flooding is becoming more frequent and severe not only in Europe but also in the whole world. This study investigates changes in trends and seasonality of annual peak-discharges for 51 mid-sized Slovakian gauging stations with the lengths of observations of 46 years. The area of selected catchments varies from 19 km2 to 295 km2. Seasonality of maximum annual peak-discharges is determin...

In recent years there was a development in fractal geometry. Existing possibilities are enormous -fractal geometry was used with success in many scientific fields. One of these fields was to use fractal geometry as a tool in order to describe morphology characteristics of solid phase contained in various suspensions of miscellaneous origins. There are multiple different sources from which solid phase of suspensions can originate. Solid phase can be derived from industry (e.g. steel industry, metallurgy or mineral ...

Establishment of regular river sediment monitoring, in addition to water monitoring, is very important, as geochemical data of sediments are very significant for environmental impact assessment. First scientific investigations of sediments in Croatia started in the Krka River estuary in 1989, while first systematic research of a river basin in Croatia was performed in the Kupa River drainage basin in 2005. In 2008, Croatian water authorities (Hrvatske Vode) started a preliminary sediment monitoring program. Since ...

At present, there is a lot of interest in finding new energy sources because energy consumption is much above energy production. Geo-thermal energy is part of the category of renewable energies and a non-polluting green energy. Humans have used hot water springs from times immemorial for different purposes. Statistics show that Romania has an outstanding potential in geo-thermal water resources: it ranks third in Europe after Greece and Italy. However, geo-thermal waters are underestimated. The authors of this pap...

Ishim steppe (plain) is the southern part of Western Siberia, situated between the Irtysh and Tobol rivers. The plain is composed chiefly of sand and clay deposits of the Neocene era, covered with loess-like loams. In the lowlands and valleys there are many fresh, bitter, and salt lakes, including investigated B.Tarangul, Shaglyteniz, Zhamantuz, Kishikaroy and Kalibek lakes. This paper gives a recent study of the water lakes chemistry to show their diversity despite a close arrangement, the similar hydrogeological...

The access to a safe drinking water represents a prerequisite of the modern days. Often, in the case of shallow aquifers, various human actions in the recharge area can induce unwanted changes in the quantity and quality of the underground waters. The main objective of this paper is to find out the groundwater vulnerable zones in shallow aquifers in the city of Jibou and its surrounding areas, which is situated in the north-west of Romania. The underground water supply source in Jibou city (11,000 inhabitants) is ...

This paper demonstrates the practical applicability of higher-order partial cross-correlation function in hydrological system analysis. The study area is the karst hydrological system of two adjacent karst springs Jadro and пїЅrnovnica situated in the Dinaric karst of Croatia. The subject of interest is the hydrological relation between these two springs and three basins located in the central part of Jadro Spring catchment. The relation is investigated by the higher-order partial cross-correlation function betwee...

The Paper present unconfined groundwater flow and solute transport modeling in water catchments area, Nerau village, using the PMWIN applications. Modeling purpose is to constitute extending pollution zone of aquifers in space and time generated of posible industrial pollution. Knowledge of extending of pollution zone is necessary to settle technical measures to using drinking water systems. The companion software Processing Modflow for Windows (PMWIN) offer a totally integrated simulation system for modeling grou...

The paper presents a 1D numerical modeling of the water flow on River пїЅAlbпїЅ, the village of Coroie?ti пїЅ S?la?ul de Sus in Hunedoara County, Romania, aiming to establish the influence of a hydraulic structure built on a left side branch, on the main river channel. The purpose for the hydraulic structure towards a trout fish farm, designed with respect to the enforced specific national regulations. The numerical model simulations are to support the study of water flows and levels on both the river main course ...

The article is devoted to the results of hydrometeorological research of the Black Sea, carried out on a stationary oceanographic platform located near the Southern Coast of Crimea at a distance of 600 m from the shore. The author represents a complex developed at Marine Hydrophysical Institute, for measuring such hydrometeorological parameters as wave height, wind speed and wind direction, atmosphere and sea temperatures, atmosphere pressure, relative humidity. In order to measure the wave heights the twisted res...

Along Bistrita River in the Eastern Carpathians is produced each year freezeup ice jams. Depending on the hydro and weather conditions these breakup jams have a larger or smaller spreading. Periodical ice jams cause damage and noticeable loss of lives. The article examines the area between the tail of Mountain Spring Lake (Poiana Largului) and Dorna Arini which has a length of about 80 km. Jams and ice accumulations occur usually in the downstream section between Poiana Largului and Borca. It would be preferable f...

This study uses a pooling approach to identify catchments with similar flood characteristics in the Alpine-Carpathian region. The identification of similar regions is performed using the nonhierarchical k-means clustering algorithm and different sets of catchments characteristics (catchment area, forest cover, mean catchment elevation) and flood seasonality characteristic (concentration of flood around the mean date of flood occurrence). The optimal number of cluster is determined using the silhouette method. The ...

In recent decades the increase of the frequency of flash-flood conditions requires a correct identification of potential flood areas where these hydrological risk phenomena appear in Moldavian Plain. To identify the basins and localities exposed to flash-flood was used physiographic method. This method allows the opportunity to identify the river basins with the concentration of water from precipitations in less than 6 hours. Through successive sorting of the basins which may generate the flash-flood was identifie...

The article deals with impacts of changes in forest composition and climate change on the runoff processes in the river basin in Slovakia. This work contains land use change scenarios of forest associations and also two scenarios of global climate change. Both of scenarios types of changes were prepared, and the runoff under the new conditions was simulated. Distributed rainfall-runoff models simulations are often used to evaluate the impact of such changes on the generation of runoff. These models have the advant...

Multispectral television measurements can be used for applied tasks of environmental monitoring, in particular for measuring the parameters of phytoplankton in aqueous media. In this case, the concentration of phytoplankton particles in the water volume is determined, the average particle sizes and the average concentration of chromophores in the near-surface layer. The aim of the work is to improve the multispectral television method to increase the accuracy of measuring the parameters of phytoplankton. An improv...

From the modern point of view, geochemical barriers (GCB) are the self-organizing components of geochemical systems (GCS), where occurs the activization of physical and chemical processes, which leads to the transformation of the association of chemical elements and compounds media. Currently, this approach allows for the development of effective technologies for the protection and purification of the polluted components of the geological environment, including the underground water and neighbor media. In the arti...

Environmental assessment is also the basis for the definition and management of ecological risk of anthropogenic load on the environment. The possible impact on the Bugsky estuary are presented and substantiated and solutions are proposed to reduce the anthropogenic impact on the waters of the estuary. The main element of risk analysis is to identify hazards that can lead to negative consequences. Purpose is a comparative analysis of the environmental status of surface waters on the basis of integrated indicators....

This paper deals with the first results coming from the research activity of the SECOSUD Phase II, called пїЅConservation and equitable use of biological diversity in the SADC region (Southern African Development Community) a project supported by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the SADC [1]. The goal of this tiered study is to give an integrated view of three focus themes inside the area of Limpopo National Park, in Limpopo River Basin: groundwater, climate change, biodiversity. Limpopo National Park is...

Spatio-temporal distribution of pollutants in surface water bodies of the Baikal natural territory is shown on the example of the main inflow of the lake Baikal пїЅ the Selenga river. This is due to the fact that the transboundary Selenga river basin plays a very important role in socio-economic development, as well as in the formation and functioning of natural systems in a large part of Mongolia and the subject of the Russian Federation - the Republic of Buryatia. To assess the spatial-temporal distribution of p...

The KERMIT project deals with research and capacity-building targeted at two, related groups with academic backgrounds: 1) refugees in Europe and 2) local populations in the stressed regions from which people are fleeing. Although the long-term focus is aimed at raising the competence and capacity for sustainable resource management in stressed regions, the refugees with academic backgrounds involve both new challenges and opportunities with related objectives. These refugees need complementary study to adapt thei...

Land management and spatial planning are closely linked to the adaptation of water management to climate change impacts. Land management has an influence on the ability of the soil to retain precipitation or flood water and sustainable land use can help to better manage risks related to both increased precipitation/flooding and water scarcity. Land and soil management can also realize significant synergies between climate change adaptation and mitigation. Agriculture as a key form of land use will play a crucial r...

This paper presents the works on applying the recommendations of European Commission to Member States by the Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystem Services (MAES) framework to the Romanian peculiarities of wetlands ecosystems, at local level. The MAES framework, published in several guides by MAES working group, recommends for the Member States the methodology for the fulfillment of the Action 5 from the European Union's Biodiversity Strategy 2020 which is to assess in the first phase the ecosystems condition and th...

Kacza river is located in northern Poland in the neighborhood of the Gulf of Gdansk and the Baltic Sea. A Kacza having length of 15 km and catchment area of 53 km2 collects the water into the Gulf mostly from inhabited and forested areas within the administrative boundaries of the city of Gdynia. On the 14th and 15th of July 2016 in northern Poland on the large area of Tri-City agglomeration (Gdynia, Gdansk and Sopot) total daily sum of precipitation over 150 mm was recorded. Rapid rainfall in the area of Tri-City...

Since 1860, phenol has been in production, with its basic use as an antiseptic. During late 19th century and thereafter the use of phenol has been further extended to the synthesis of dyes, aspirin, plastics, pharmaceuticals, petrochemical and pesticide chemical industries. In fact, by 2001, the global phenol production has reached an impressive 7.8 million tons. Among the different organic pollutants in wastewater, phenols are considered as priority pollutants since they are harmful to plants, animals and human, ...

In this study preparation of oil absorbent composite is described. Polyacrylic acid / Na-montmorillonite composite was synthesized by polymerization of acrylic acid on the surface of the sodium bentonite. FTIR spectrum of absorbent was recorded, and it was shown that polyacrylic acid reacted with bentonite layers. In this work the swelling kinetics of obtained composite was investigated and the main kinetic parameters - the swelling rate and the swelling kinetic constants were determined. In addition to demonstrat...

In old times, hydrotechnical constructions, mostly dams were built for the single purpose of water supply or irrigation. As civilizations developed, there was a greater need for water supply, irrigation, flood control, navigation, water quality, sediment control and energy. Demand for water is steadily increasing throughout the world. There is no life on earth without water, our most important resource apart from air and land. During the past three centuries, the amount of water withdrawn from freshwater resources...

In this paper we have developed a set of multi-parametric data analysis programs, which can be used in hydrogeological studies. Considering that in these studies we use large sets of multi-parametric data with spatial and temporal distribution we focused on the analysis with polynomial tendencies surfaces and hypersurfaces, analysis by moving average with different dimensions of windows and analysis of the variance of the correlation factor with mobile window. The first part of the paper is dedicated to the descri...

This paper presents the research on the sedimentation process assisted with coagulation process. The main purpose of this project is to determine the method of coagulant dose selection during the sedimentation of the coal suspension. Measurements have been made for various sedimentation intensification techniques: the use of coagulant, the use of lamella, and the use of both techniques simultaneously. The efficiency of the sedimentation process was compared using various intensification techniques. The studies wer...