Browse

The goal of integrated multidisciplinary research was to develop a model for estimating and forecasting the dynamics of phytoplankton depending on meteorological and hydrophysical parameters. The analysis of water samples from various horizons obtained in the Gorky reservoir from 2015 to 2018 was performed as an important part of the research. Samples were examined for the presence of algae using a Levenhuk microscope equipped with a digital camera and connected to a computer. The results of the identification of ...

The security of technical infrastructure in crisis situations can be divided into several areas that can affect its functions. The aim of this work was to focus on water infrastructure with regard to legal aspects set in the Czech Republic. Water is essential for economic growth, human health, and the environment. The main reason for the emergence of the crisis situation in parts of the water infrastructure is predominantly presence of a large amount of water (torrential rain, lightning flood, flood, increased wat...

Climate change is defined as a significant difference between two mean climatic states, with substantial impact on the ecosystem. Extreme climatic events, such as higher temperatures, more intense precipitation, increased drought risk and duration as well as cyclones and flooding in coastal areas, are expected to increase in both frequency and intensity. One of the possible indicators of water stress is sap flow measurement. For this experiment were used the apple trees in Nove Zamky, Slovakia. On stem were instal...

Despite the widespread use of sedimentation in the industry and numerous scientific works in this field, all factors affecting the process of sedimentation are still not sufficiently recognized. The sedimentation of fine-grained suspension must often be supported by a flocculation process or by using a multiflux filling. The particles of the solid phase of the suspension after the addition of the flocculant have the tendency to flocculate to form larger agglomerates, and thus their falling speed increases due to t...

In recent years, research and development works have been carried out in our country to create a modification of the sprinkler machine ?Kuban-L? with a set of equipment for controlling the sprinkling height (including the surface one), which allows reducing the average rain intensity and reducing the loss of irrigation water for evaporation and demolition by the wind. There are a number of issues that need to be clarified, despite the large degree of this product?s development such as the distribution of the quali...

Mathematical modelling is a powerful tool when it comes to studying and solving complex hydrological problems ? studying the hydrological regime in a changing environment, hydrological forecasting, flood risk estimation and etc. There are different types of hydrological models depending on their characteristics and an in-depth knowledge is needed to use the most appropriate one for a given purpose, e.g. evaluation, planning, forecasting. Indispensable part of building a trustworthy hydrological model is performing...

The fouling is closely related to the corrosion of materials, repeatedly increasing the speed and extent of damage to marine equipment and infrastructure. Therefore, it is very important to search for effective ways to combat corrosion and fouling, to prevent them. All this is impossible without a careful study of objects - fouling organisms. Bench testing with the application of test plates is the most available and widespread method to study the development of fouling. In the winter of 2018-2019 has been investi...

Adsorption on a suitable adsorption material is among the most frequently used methods in water treatment. In terms of plant operation, filtration (sorption) process represents a simple, effective and economical friendly method of heavy metals removal namely for the possibility of using a large scale of substances with a sorption ability ? sorbents. Oxides, oxyhydroxides and hydroxide containing iron are among the most frequently used sorbents of the heavy metals removal. The quality of the treated water (pH, sili...

In hydrosystem tailraces, behind end fixings of spillway facilities, scour basins of considerable depth and length are formed at high rates of the flow. This is associated with the violation of the extreme load mode during the construction and operation of hydrosystems, insufficient design length of fixings in tailraces, and inefficiency of installed baffles. Baffles based on soft water-filled shells are proposed as additional protection facilities of operating hydrosystem tailraces. The morphological analysis of ...

In recent years, oppression and even death of Baikal sponges has been noted. To monitor the state of the sponges and find out the reasons for their death, as well as to optimize the cultivation conditions and develop natural remediation measures, it is extremely important to have adequate biotesting methods based on changes in the physiological reaction of the sponges under the influence of adverse factors, including under the influence of various classes of pollutants. In view of the extremely low growth rate, va...

The aim of the present paper is to test intensity attenuation relationships for subcrustal earthquakes occurred in Vrancea (Romania) seismogenic zone in relation with some important dams situated in extra-Carpathian area. During centuries, the Romanian territory has been shaken by strong earthquakes, most of them being centered within Vrancea Zone, which is situated at the bending area of the South-Eastern Carpathians. Most of the zones from extra-Carpathian area are affected by the subcrustal seismic events, wher...

The aim of this article is the possible impact of climate change on the components of water balance. Climate change has a non-negligible impact on the hydrological cycle and water resources. In this paper, simulated changes in the water balance in the selected river basins due to climate change were estimated using the WetSpa model. Distributed rainfall-runoff model simulations are often used to evaluate the impact of changes on the generation of runoff and water balance. The parameters of the model were estimated...

The deteriorated state of the environment with various degrees of devastation in individual regions is negatively implicated in the health status of the population and the quality of the ecosystem. Inorganic contaminants, especially potentially hazardous elements, are a serious problem in all environmental compartments. Heavy metals also belong to the priority inorganic contaminants. Many of them act toxic in the terrestrial ecosystem, even at low concentrations. Their toxicity consists of replacing essential meta...

The water supply of the majority of Estonian settlements and enterprises is covered by groundwater, only two cities, Tallinn and Narva, are using surface water as a source of domestic water. Approximately 89% of the residents of Estonia use water from the public water supply systems. The water abstraction in Estonia diminished constantly in the 1990s, reaching the level of 130 million m?/y. During the last ten years, water abstraction has been fairly stable - groundwater in the range of 45-50 million m?/y and surf...

One of the most investigated topics in hydrology, during last decades, is climate change impact on hydrological cycle. Changes in the use of land is additional factor influencing hydrological regime and watershed run-off. To understand urbanisation and climate change cumulative impact on watershed run-off, modelling of different climate change and land use scenarios would be essential. The aim of this study is to investigate how watershed run-off of the Usma Lake, located in Kurzeme region of Latvia, will respond ...

The article deals with the regularity connecting the correlation type of the fractal dimension of the series of river flow with the climatic norm of the surface air temperature. The identified patterns in the increased fractal dimension of long-term river flow series at extremely low (sub-Arctic climatic zone) and high (sub-equatorial zone) climatic norms of surface air temperature are linked with its significant influence on the selective value of evaporation in comparison with the river flow. A map of the locati...

In terms of climate change and extreme events, the role of the complex water systems and reservoirs management is increasing. Under these conditions the management of the built water reservoirs is of primary importance for both: responding to high-wave and for ensuring the ecological flow and water consumption during drought periods. In order to improve the complex and significant reservoir management, it has been initiated a phased development of a Decision support system (DSS) with the appropriate modules. The u...

The calculation of wave height, - length and - period changes which result from trans-formation by currents and bottom are needed when solving engineering problems of sea and river hydraulics. It is possible to carry to number of such problems also a problem of construction and operation of sea channels which has big economic value. Modern sea channels can have width several hundreds of meters and difference of depths on the way to the channel and on an axis of the channel twice and more. Therefore, in calcula-tio...

Excessive iron causes hygienic and technical defects in the supply of drinking and service water. Even small iron concentrations can cause excessive bacterial proliferation, which, from a hygienic point of view, adversely affects the properties of water, such as turbidity, color, taste. In the case of small water sources, it is not appropriate to use demanding technological assemblies. Adsorption to a suitable adsorption material is most commonly used for water treatment. Compared to synthetic zeolites, the afford...

The road and rail infrastructure together with the technical infrastructure is a determining factor of the present daylife of human society, function of cities and municipalities. With the internationally developing cooperation and business within the European countries, the number of transport constructions of the motorway character grows over the areas, where it is necessary to build from the technically operational reasons extensive flyovers or tunnel constructions. The number of these constructions must meet r...

Climate change and its impact on the environment is an urgent problem of the present time, causing hydrological changes and ecosystem change. As a result, formed ecosystem representing less valuable in economic terms, low productivity. Therefore, study of climate change is an important and urgent task. Global climate changes in the South part of Russia is reflected in the warming of the winter period and an increase in the amount of precipitation during the cold season. This paper analyzes the changes in meteorolo...

The land subsidence caused by underground mining results in land form transformations in the Silesian Upland, which is located in southern Poland. The aim of the research was to determine the role of subsidence basins as new sedimentary basins and local erosion bases. Detailed research was carried out in selected mining subsidence areas where most extensive and spectacular subsidence basins in the Silesian Upland have formed. As part of the field work, the geological structure of the area was examined and detailed...

The objective of the present study was to evaluate by means of chemical analyses the quality of water collected from fish pond Tataru, Calarasi County. The water samples were collected during May 2017 from five sampling points (A, B, C, D, E) from three depths (surface layer, half of maximum depth, maximum depth). The subjected parameters were pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness (TH), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrate nitrogen N-NO3-, nitrite nitrogen N-NO2-, ammonium nitrogen N-NH4+, phosphate ph...

The outflow of inorganic fertilizers from arable land is one of the main sources of surface water pollution. The pollution can be reduced by precise dosing of inorganic fertilizers according to the momentary nutrition need of the cultivated crops. The exact dose of fertilizer can vary considerably from one area to another as the soil conditions can be very variable even in the scope of a single field. The spectral properties of cultivated crops can be used for the calculation of precise doses of fertilizer. In our...

Sustainable development has been conceived as a solution to the ecological crisis caused by the intense industrial exploitation of resources and the continuous degradation of the environment and seeks primarily to preserve the quality of the environment. Sustainable development also brings to the forefront a new set of values that will guide the future model of economic and social progress, values that focus on man and his present and future needs, the natural environment - protecting and preserving it, and mitiga...

The article shows the new methodical approaches to evaluation of planning quality and realization of technological water use process as for irrigation systems as a whole, as for separate irrigated plots on agricultural premises and on farms. There were based and developed: a new classification of irrigation systems, a new method of standard calcu-lation and possible limits of change in technical, ecological and economic values at wa-ter use on irrigation systems. There was proposed a system of technical and econom...

Energy efficiency is a key factor of today?s engineering practice. Water and wastewater systems (made up of supply and disposal networks, treatment plants etc.) often contain under pressure sections. Their energy efficiency strongly depends on the accuracy of the head loss evaluation including local head loss. In these systems a great amount of local head loss is given by different valves. Gate valves and check valves are being widely used in water and wastewater systems, therefore this article focuses especially ...

Climate changes and human activities on Earth's surface effect on natural Earth's resources as well as on inland waters. Any changes in the Earth's atmosphere, such as changes in temperature, humidity, precipitations and their intensity affect the inland waters area and level. In order to carry out the monitoring of the areas under the inland waters economically, the satellite imageries collected by remote sensing sensors are used. Satellite imagery used for this research were cloud-free Landsat-8 imagery at study...

Climate change will lead to an intensification of the hydrological cycle and can have a major impact on regional water resources. A change in water volume and distribution will affect both groundwater and surface water reserves usable in industry, domestic activities, irrigation, navigation, aquatic ecosystems, hydropower and some recreational activities. Changes in the total amount of rainfall, in their frequency and intensity, directly affect the size and times of floods and droughts. The impacts of climate chan...

The streams belong among natural part of the urbanized landscape. It is generally accepted that this type of landscapes together with stream may be very difficult restored to original levels of historical or natural status. Past design and realization of the stream modifications did not take into account in a sufficient extent the ecological criteria. Due to the predominantly technocratic approaches to addressing these issues, the ecological balance has been disturbed; and the hydrological and morphological condit...

In the recent years, the climate changes have determined the increase of the frequency of flood, and concurrently, negative effects of these weather phenomena were amplified by other factors (the deforestation, needs of the hydro technical works, etc.). Atmospheric precipitation contributes to formation of superficial runoff, or accumulates in the snow in the winter, sometimes participating during melting to form the maximum runoff. The consequences of this rainfall can be serious in terms of erosion and soil wash...

Modern growing urban areas are faced with many problems, among which in the first instance may include the need for management of rainwater. The current system for management of rainwater is characterized by considerable inefficiency and ineffective and extremely functional system in the current extreme weather. In the case of an effective design of complex city hydrology, it is necessary to construct rainwater capture objects in the place where the rain falls directly. The consequence of such a process is the sub...

The main task of complex environmental monitoring is evaluating the state of an aquatic system and state prediction of ecosystem links under different levels of water supply, anthropogenic influence and climatic fluctuations. The paper analyzes the inter-annual dynamics of functional activity of bacterio ? and phytoplankton of the Krasnoyarsk reservoir depending on abiotic factors (reservoir filling level and temperature conditions). The data have been obtained from series of regular observations during the growin...

Parameters of local scours in an unprotected part of the riverbed behind the hydrosystem end structures are determined by distribution of kinematic characteristics of the flow. The kinematic characteristics in cross-sections of a natural part of the riverbed depend on a number of factors, including the bottom roughness, flow depth and water surface slope. To calculate the velocity distribution over the cross-section of the drainage channel, we used Navier?Stokes equations for the uniform steady turbulent motion. W...

The precipitation survey by modern techniques helps calculate the amount of rainfall in the catchment and save it in a digital format. This paper proposes the development of a GIS methodology for determining the input data or parameters needed for modelling the rain-drainage process in order to anticipate the amount of available leakage water and the integration of slopes leakage to estimate the magnitude of rapid floods that may occur. The data obtained from the rain-gauge stations in the Uz catchment are used in...

Mostly significant regional problem related to fluctuations of the Caspian Sea level was considered. Despite the diversity and abundance of approaches to forecast sea level, the question still remains open. Adapting the method of stochastic modeling has allowed to predict the level of change in the next term of the fiftieth anniversary.

The safety of hydrotechnical structures is a very important element that must enter the concerns of designers and society in general, given the fact that these are important works , with large investments. In the case of their distruction due to accidents, other activities from the area, the settlements and human lives may be strongly affected. These accidents are called hydrological hazards. [9] Breaking earth dams accidents do not occur suddenly but almost always there are signs of danger that would allow prelim...

The paper presents a study on water quality, which can be influenced by biological, physical and chemical parameters of water. Water quality has the purpose of identifying the direction of water use for both domestic and industrial purposes and is of particular importance to humans and living organisms. In addition to the human factors that have a major impact on water quality (both for surface and for groundwater), there are also natural factors and anthropogenic activities. The purpose of the study is to analyze...

Article represents the calculation of the long-term average annual soil loss using the universal soil loss equation (USLE) in the model river basin. Soil loss will be assessed with respect to land use (in the categories: arable land, vineyard, garden, orchard and permanent grassland) and slope (in the categories: less than 12В°, 12В° ? 20В° and more than 20В°). There is a Slovak technical norm: Hydromelioration ? Erosion control protection of agricultural land. Based on this norm land users must comply with the de...

The paper deals with the need to improve techniques and methods of valuation acceptable impacts on the ecosystem of the lake. Baikal. A study is made of the negative influence of discharges of harmful (polluting) substances on the unique ecological system of Lake Baikal. The scientific substantiation has been developed for the normative of maximum permissible impacts on the lake?s ecological system and the methods of determining them. On the basis of a statistical processing of hydrobiological and hydrochemical da...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the level of pollution of water collected from Snagov Lake. The water samples were collected during May 2017 from five sampling points (A, B, C, D, E) from three depths (surface layer, half of maximum depth, maximum depth). The subjected parameters were pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness (TH), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrate nitrogen N-NO3-, nitrite nitrogen N-NO2-, ammonium nitrogen N-NH4+, phosphate phosphorus P-PO43- and some metals (Al, As, Ba...

The paper highlights the necessity to implement a system for collection and storage of meteoric waters from the households in populated centers. For the proper functioning and operation of the sewerage system, the regional water - channel operator requires that the meteoric waters from each property should be solved separately. The solution adopted for meteoric waters consists in their use inside the household or their infiltration into the soil. The rainwater from the roofs of the buildings and from the yards wil...

This article presents the potential of biochar used in wastewater treatment processes and sludge management in small installations - for the maximum maintained number of users equal to 50. The possibilities of two substances used in sewage management processes, such as char and biochar will be presented. These substances, produced from pyrolysis, are stable carbon-rich compounds which have various beneficial applications like soil conditioning, remediation and wastewater treatment. In particular, biochar originati...

Marine Spatial Data Infrastructure (MSDI) is the component of a Spatial Data Infrastructure that encompasses marine geographic and business information in its widest sense. This would typically include seabed topography, geology, marine infrastructure, resources utilization, administrative and legal boundaries, areas of conservation, marine habitats and oceanography [8]. Marine Cadastre is considered as a base layer of a MSDI with fundamental information relating to maritime boundaries and associated rights and re...

The study of coagulation behaviour of bentonite clay suspensions is presented in this paper. Experimental results were obtained by investigation of several chemical and physical properties of two bentonite suspensions. The study included several measurements such as particle size distributions, chemical and phase analysis of prepared suspensions, as well as preparation of sedimentation graphs and the relationship between concentration of the suspension and turbidity. The results of this research could help in dete...

Source water for water treatment plants can contain various mechanical and biological impurities and it is required to remove them, before the water can be used. In order to eliminate most of the solid pollutants coagulation process is commonly employed. Process of coagulation is efficient in the case of hard to settle and colloidal particles, which are usually present in water, but it is important to know what kind of pollutants are present in the suspension in order to find out the best possible solution. This p...

The main problems faced by any city at present are: reduction of natural resources, environmental degradation, increased carbon dioxide, demographic and social changes associated with the urbanization and population growth phenomenon as well as increased frequency and size of floods urban.Stormwater collection is a strategy for adapting to climate change. This strategy has been applied by many civilizations in the history of mankind, pluvial water collection systems have met, for the first time, in areas with long...

This paper analyzes the management of meteoric waters on the hearth of the localities taking into considerations the climatic changes. The proposed solutions follow the new European requirements for the promotion of the separative sewerage system concept. Also, localities that currently have a unitary sewerage system have to implement the European requirements for rainwater separation from domestic waters according to the available funds. Along with climate changes, the localities in Romania are facing high risk o...

In the eastern area of Romania, a hill area and a plateau, there is a very large number of small dams. These were an average age of about 40 years and were made from local materials. In the period between their implementation and 1989, these accumulations were centrally managed by local governments. Generally, these accumulations were used for irrigation, fish farming, and in secondary, they had the role of mitigating the flood waves. The fact that the accumulations were exploited by the local administrations allo...

There is a continuing need to improve the quality of stochastic models for quantitative river flow modelling and forecasting. Since these time series are nonlinear in general, it is also possible to explore the fitting, forecasting and simulation performance of models, which account for the potential of heteroscedasticity in these series. Due to the nonlinearity of the runoff process such analysis needs to be conducted on a case-by-case basis. The goal of this case study is to test a methodology for stochastic mod...