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The article shows the new methodical approaches to evaluation of planning quality and realization of technological water use process as for irrigation systems as a whole, as for separate irrigated plots on agricultural premises and on farms. There were based and developed: a new classification of irrigation systems, a new method of standard calcu-lation and possible limits of change in technical, ecological and economic values at wa-ter use on irrigation systems. There was proposed a system of technical and econom...

Energy efficiency is a key factor of today?s engineering practice. Water and wastewater systems (made up of supply and disposal networks, treatment plants etc.) often contain under pressure sections. Their energy efficiency strongly depends on the accuracy of the head loss evaluation including local head loss. In these systems a great amount of local head loss is given by different valves. Gate valves and check valves are being widely used in water and wastewater systems, therefore this article focuses especially ...

Climate changes and human activities on Earth's surface effect on natural Earth's resources as well as on inland waters. Any changes in the Earth's atmosphere, such as changes in temperature, humidity, precipitations and their intensity affect the inland waters area and level. In order to carry out the monitoring of the areas under the inland waters economically, the satellite imageries collected by remote sensing sensors are used. Satellite imagery used for this research were cloud-free Landsat-8 imagery at study...

Climate change will lead to an intensification of the hydrological cycle and can have a major impact on regional water resources. A change in water volume and distribution will affect both groundwater and surface water reserves usable in industry, domestic activities, irrigation, navigation, aquatic ecosystems, hydropower and some recreational activities. Changes in the total amount of rainfall, in their frequency and intensity, directly affect the size and times of floods and droughts. The impacts of climate chan...

The streams belong among natural part of the urbanized landscape. It is generally accepted that this type of landscapes together with stream may be very difficult restored to original levels of historical or natural status. Past design and realization of the stream modifications did not take into account in a sufficient extent the ecological criteria. Due to the predominantly technocratic approaches to addressing these issues, the ecological balance has been disturbed; and the hydrological and morphological condit...

In the recent years, the climate changes have determined the increase of the frequency of flood, and concurrently, negative effects of these weather phenomena were amplified by other factors (the deforestation, needs of the hydro technical works, etc.). Atmospheric precipitation contributes to formation of superficial runoff, or accumulates in the snow in the winter, sometimes participating during melting to form the maximum runoff. The consequences of this rainfall can be serious in terms of erosion and soil wash...

Modern growing urban areas are faced with many problems, among which in the first instance may include the need for management of rainwater. The current system for management of rainwater is characterized by considerable inefficiency and ineffective and extremely functional system in the current extreme weather. In the case of an effective design of complex city hydrology, it is necessary to construct rainwater capture objects in the place where the rain falls directly. The consequence of such a process is the sub...

The main task of complex environmental monitoring is evaluating the state of an aquatic system and state prediction of ecosystem links under different levels of water supply, anthropogenic influence and climatic fluctuations. The paper analyzes the inter-annual dynamics of functional activity of bacterio ? and phytoplankton of the Krasnoyarsk reservoir depending on abiotic factors (reservoir filling level and temperature conditions). The data have been obtained from series of regular observations during the growin...

Parameters of local scours in an unprotected part of the riverbed behind the hydrosystem end structures are determined by distribution of kinematic characteristics of the flow. The kinematic characteristics in cross-sections of a natural part of the riverbed depend on a number of factors, including the bottom roughness, flow depth and water surface slope. To calculate the velocity distribution over the cross-section of the drainage channel, we used Navier?Stokes equations for the uniform steady turbulent motion. W...

The precipitation survey by modern techniques helps calculate the amount of rainfall in the catchment and save it in a digital format. This paper proposes the development of a GIS methodology for determining the input data or parameters needed for modelling the rain-drainage process in order to anticipate the amount of available leakage water and the integration of slopes leakage to estimate the magnitude of rapid floods that may occur. The data obtained from the rain-gauge stations in the Uz catchment are used in...

Mostly significant regional problem related to fluctuations of the Caspian Sea level was considered. Despite the diversity and abundance of approaches to forecast sea level, the question still remains open. Adapting the method of stochastic modeling has allowed to predict the level of change in the next term of the fiftieth anniversary.

The safety of hydrotechnical structures is a very important element that must enter the concerns of designers and society in general, given the fact that these are important works , with large investments. In the case of their distruction due to accidents, other activities from the area, the settlements and human lives may be strongly affected. These accidents are called hydrological hazards. [9] Breaking earth dams accidents do not occur suddenly but almost always there are signs of danger that would allow prelim...

The paper presents a study on water quality, which can be influenced by biological, physical and chemical parameters of water. Water quality has the purpose of identifying the direction of water use for both domestic and industrial purposes and is of particular importance to humans and living organisms. In addition to the human factors that have a major impact on water quality (both for surface and for groundwater), there are also natural factors and anthropogenic activities. The purpose of the study is to analyze...

Article represents the calculation of the long-term average annual soil loss using the universal soil loss equation (USLE) in the model river basin. Soil loss will be assessed with respect to land use (in the categories: arable land, vineyard, garden, orchard and permanent grassland) and slope (in the categories: less than 12В°, 12В° ? 20В° and more than 20В°). There is a Slovak technical norm: Hydromelioration ? Erosion control protection of agricultural land. Based on this norm land users must comply with the de...

The paper deals with the need to improve techniques and methods of valuation acceptable impacts on the ecosystem of the lake. Baikal. A study is made of the negative influence of discharges of harmful (polluting) substances on the unique ecological system of Lake Baikal. The scientific substantiation has been developed for the normative of maximum permissible impacts on the lake?s ecological system and the methods of determining them. On the basis of a statistical processing of hydrobiological and hydrochemical da...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the level of pollution of water collected from Snagov Lake. The water samples were collected during May 2017 from five sampling points (A, B, C, D, E) from three depths (surface layer, half of maximum depth, maximum depth). The subjected parameters were pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness (TH), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrate nitrogen N-NO3-, nitrite nitrogen N-NO2-, ammonium nitrogen N-NH4+, phosphate phosphorus P-PO43- and some metals (Al, As, Ba...

The paper highlights the necessity to implement a system for collection and storage of meteoric waters from the households in populated centers. For the proper functioning and operation of the sewerage system, the regional water - channel operator requires that the meteoric waters from each property should be solved separately. The solution adopted for meteoric waters consists in their use inside the household or their infiltration into the soil. The rainwater from the roofs of the buildings and from the yards wil...

This article presents the potential of biochar used in wastewater treatment processes and sludge management in small installations - for the maximum maintained number of users equal to 50. The possibilities of two substances used in sewage management processes, such as char and biochar will be presented. These substances, produced from pyrolysis, are stable carbon-rich compounds which have various beneficial applications like soil conditioning, remediation and wastewater treatment. In particular, biochar originati...

Marine Spatial Data Infrastructure (MSDI) is the component of a Spatial Data Infrastructure that encompasses marine geographic and business information in its widest sense. This would typically include seabed topography, geology, marine infrastructure, resources utilization, administrative and legal boundaries, areas of conservation, marine habitats and oceanography [8]. Marine Cadastre is considered as a base layer of a MSDI with fundamental information relating to maritime boundaries and associated rights and re...

The study of coagulation behaviour of bentonite clay suspensions is presented in this paper. Experimental results were obtained by investigation of several chemical and physical properties of two bentonite suspensions. The study included several measurements such as particle size distributions, chemical and phase analysis of prepared suspensions, as well as preparation of sedimentation graphs and the relationship between concentration of the suspension and turbidity. The results of this research could help in dete...

Source water for water treatment plants can contain various mechanical and biological impurities and it is required to remove them, before the water can be used. In order to eliminate most of the solid pollutants coagulation process is commonly employed. Process of coagulation is efficient in the case of hard to settle and colloidal particles, which are usually present in water, but it is important to know what kind of pollutants are present in the suspension in order to find out the best possible solution. This p...

The main problems faced by any city at present are: reduction of natural resources, environmental degradation, increased carbon dioxide, demographic and social changes associated with the urbanization and population growth phenomenon as well as increased frequency and size of floods urban.Stormwater collection is a strategy for adapting to climate change. This strategy has been applied by many civilizations in the history of mankind, pluvial water collection systems have met, for the first time, in areas with long...

This paper analyzes the management of meteoric waters on the hearth of the localities taking into considerations the climatic changes. The proposed solutions follow the new European requirements for the promotion of the separative sewerage system concept. Also, localities that currently have a unitary sewerage system have to implement the European requirements for rainwater separation from domestic waters according to the available funds. Along with climate changes, the localities in Romania are facing high risk o...

In the eastern area of Romania, a hill area and a plateau, there is a very large number of small dams. These were an average age of about 40 years and were made from local materials. In the period between their implementation and 1989, these accumulations were centrally managed by local governments. Generally, these accumulations were used for irrigation, fish farming, and in secondary, they had the role of mitigating the flood waves. The fact that the accumulations were exploited by the local administrations allo...

There is a continuing need to improve the quality of stochastic models for quantitative river flow modelling and forecasting. Since these time series are nonlinear in general, it is also possible to explore the fitting, forecasting and simulation performance of models, which account for the potential of heteroscedasticity in these series. Due to the nonlinearity of the runoff process such analysis needs to be conducted on a case-by-case basis. The goal of this case study is to test a methodology for stochastic mod...

Assessment of selected (trace) elements and nitrate along the 26.7 km long Radonja River (Croatia) was examined with the purpose of testing the ability for small rivers to serve as a model for identification of sources and dispersion of common environmental contaminants. The Radonja River rises and flows through specific geological region of the Petrova Gora Mt. (507 m a.s.l.). It is located in the middle part of Croatia, with the Vojni? town (~5,000 inhabit.) as the largest settlement along the whole river course...

In 2014-2018, scientists of Riga Technical University (RTU) have updated the hydrogeological model (HM) of Latvia. Its current version LAMO4 simulates the steady state average groundwater regimes. The commercial program ?Groundwater Vistas 6? (GV) is used for running LAMO4. Unfortunately, the GV graphical programs cannot provide correct profiles on hydrogeological data that are obtained by HM. In 2014, the first RTU results were reported on creating profiles for groundwater heads and infiltration. Since 2014, the ...

Due to the relatively different conditions of small and large water supply companies functioning, there are significant differences in the reaction, progress and consequences of the crisis situations. The specificity of small company requires an individual approach in the area of crisis management, for instance due to limited financial and technical resources. Admittedly, small water companies are particularly exposed to the negative consequences of a possible crisis, but from a large part they show greater flexib...

Wetland habitats, such as transition mires and quaking bogs (habitat code 7140) and alkaline fens (habitat code 7230), are characterized by the occurrence of species sensitive to the water stress. The prolonged period of water shortage is manifested by a change in the structure of domination, species composition and, as a consequence, the reconstruction of the entire habitat. Due to the fact, that habitat is not homogeneous and varied very much depends on geomorphological position a monitoring of the water stress ...

Due to the flow behavior complexity, the calculation of local head losses needs to be based on experimental results. Although there is great literature regarding the study of valves, and a part of it contains detailed results of local head loss too, these values are always related to a specific manufacturer. This means that for accurate design it is recommended to know the specific head loss exactly for the used device. In the present paper the conception and building of an experimental stand for measurement of lo...

Water is an essential ingredient of food, an important part of the environment and a substance with a multifaceted use in manufacturing and other activities. It is an essential component not only of the human environment, but also of all plant and animal ecosystems. It is the main medium for transport of nutrients. It is a renewable resource of the biosphere and practically cannot be exhausted. This paper describes the occurrence of oxohalides in water and determines oxohalides by means of ion chromatography. The ...

Situation distance control after flood and inundation is one of the main problem to be solved by space monitoring of emergency situations, developed in Kazakhstan since 2001 y. It is connected with annual emergency situation which is developed in every region of water bodies representing potential or real imminence. During last three years there were heavy floods passed in Kazakhstan, especially in Akmola, Pavlodar, Karaganda regions. There is an acute security issue during spring time inundation, till nowadays th...

The study considers technologies to create information system called В«Monitoring of pollutants in Arctic ecosystemsВ» for the Murmansk Marine Biological Institute (MMBI) of the Russian Academy of Sciences. This research is aimed at designing a database and its web-client to provide remote access. Datasets on radionuclide distribution available at MMBI were analyzed to be included into the database. PostgreSQL and R language packages are shown to be appropriate and efficient solutions for information management in...

Yenisei River is the main Siberian river, it is one of the seven largest rivers in the world and it is the most high-water river in Russia. It is known that the emergence of large hydraulic structures causes a prolonged, and sometimes irreversible, destabilization of aquatic ecosystems. The construction of Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station (HPS) caused global changes in hydrological, hydrochemical and hydrobiological regimes in the Yenisei River. The Yenisei River in the downstream of the HPS does not freeze...

In the recent years, the terrestrial landscape of Slovakia has been affected by extreme climate events. Unpredictable heavy torrential rains and local floods that are alternated by shorter or longer droughts are outward manifestations of the situation. According to the scenarios, in the future, climate change will affect the hydrological cycle, as well as water resources and it will have major consequences for the national economy. Slovakia is predominantly agricultural country (about 40%), affected by collectiviz...

In Italy, the summer of 2017 was characterized by serious problems related to the water crisis that affected the entire national territory. The Municipality of Formia, as well as many other territories in the Latina Province, had to face heavy rationing of the water supply during the summer, with consequent inconvenience for the population. In this paper, two spring and their relative aquifers were studied: the Mazzoccolo Spring and the Capodacqua di Spigno Spring. For both aquifers, a hydrogeological water balanc...

The subject of study was spatial analysis of transmission of visible light in water column of two deep suburban lakes during peak of summer. In vertical profiles of lakes correlations between transmission of blue/green light, photosynthetic active radiation (or PAR), temperature and oxygen content, chlorophyll a and physico-chemical features of water were analysed. Apparent and true depth of photic zone was investigated. The hypothesis was that vertical changeability of PAR limitation/transmission may be used as a...

The Cetina River is situated in the Dinaric karst area of Croatia. It is a valuable ecological resource because of the existence of numerous rare ecosystems and landscapes. On the other hand, the water is used for drinking purpose, electricity production, industry and irrigation, so the quantity and quality of water is influenced by human impacts. During the period between 1960 and 1985, five hydropower plants were built, which strongly influenced natural regime of the river and the whole area. This paper presents...

Sludge management is a complex problem, as the environmental norms and regulations are more and more restrictive. From this point of view, wastewater treatment must be associated with valorization and/or controlled storage of the resulted sludge. Besides these norms, during the normal operation, social, economical and other legal criteria must be considered. Bioaugmentation is o process by which microorganisms degrade (metabolize) the organic pollutants from wastewaters and neutralize their toxic effect. There is ...

The present paper aims at presenting experimentally obtained results to determine the effectiveness of organic polyacrylonitrile hollow fiber membranes as a result of retaining the content of yeast mixed with deionized water as a feed solution. The use of the membrane module in the ultrafiltration process of various chemical compounds existing in laboratory wastewater is a start for industrial applications. That is why it is necessary to know and to understand in detail the dependence between the operating paramet...

In this study, biosorptive characteristics of mustard waste functionalized with METALSORB (which is a precipitation agent used on an industrial scale) were examined for the removal of Cu(II) ions from galvanizing industrial wastewater. Batch experiments were performed in order to study the influence of initial Cu(II) ions concentration and contact time under optimal experimental conditions, and the results were compared with those obtained on mustard waste biomass (before functionalizing treatment). Equilibrium da...

In over 38 percent of the groundwater drinking water sources in Slovakia, iron and manganese concentrations exceed the recommended levels set by Regulation of the Slovak Republic No. 247/2017 on Drinking Water [1]. Iron and manganese are not considered health hazards, although micro-environments may be supported in wells and distribution systems which harbor microorganisms. The main concern with these metals is the turbidity and color imparted by the oxidized forms that rarely goes unnoticed by the consumer [2]. T...

The empirical orthogonal functions method is widely used for the study of the hydrophysical characteristics in meteorology and oceanography, for example for the analysis of ocean surface currents in the North Carolina and the distribution of horizontal velocities in the Shira Lake. This method is also applied to study the distribution temperatures with depth in the Pacific Ocean and to analyze sea surface temperature in the Western North Atlantic. The empirical orthogonal functions method gives us an optimal modal...

The subject of contribution is solution a review of the presented territory, where is located geothermal borehole GTH-1, to evaluate the properties of the well and calculate the potential energy of the well. After finding the heat energy potential, contribution will focus on the design of appropriate use and potential solutions to the problems associated with it. A part of contribution is to assess the current situation in the use of geothermal energy as a whole in the Slovak Republic in comparison with other coun...

Water level fluctuations play a significant role in linking water and soil environments and shaping littoral zone. The aim of study was to evaluate the physical and chemical features of water as well as light availability in phytolittoral zone in the case of water level rise. Investigations were carried out in deep mesotrophic lake with well-developed charophytes meadow, above which samples were collected (30 stations). In this lake between year 2010 and 2012 water level increased over 1.0 m as a result of intense...

Environmental change is, today, an unavoidable cause of societal stress that leads to suffering and migration. The focus here is not on change itself, but on the local and regional resources and environment conditions that frame both the extent of change and the alternative actions that might mitigate effects. In this context, a modelling approach to resource and risk assessment and possible responses change is presented. Complex systems are not initially suitable for a bottom-up approach to modelling that assumes...

The paper refers to the evaluation and calculation of the uncertainty of measurement in the calibration of secondary standard volume measures, with a ruler on the neck, which equips standard installation for liquids flow meter verification. Calibration involves assigning actual values to certain nominal values, materialized on a standard scale. For the design and construction of a secondary volume measure, it is necessary to take into account all metrological requirements related to the shape and materials from wh...

One of the most important sources of potable water throughout the world is the ground water, which is currently under stress due to human activities and consumption. Therefore, the presence and transport of contaminants in the groundwater represents an important threat to the human health and the environment. Many studies dealing with the groundwater quality and its sustainable use are found in the literature. Latest research shows a great opportunity of removing groundwater contaminants by using clay. Thus, an ex...

Water resources, particularly the phreatic ones, are exposed to a high risk of nitrates pollution. This pollution appears mostly in rural areas, due to improper use of fertilizers, improper waste storage or local sources of infestation, like animal sheds, and so on. Recent researches have indicated that clay can be used for groundwater decontamination. Mass transport between the unsaturated and saturated zones greatly influences subsurface processes. The transition zone between the vadose zone and the saturated zo...

We studied the reasons of the formation of local scours in the Cheboksary hydrosystem tailrace on the Volga river. To determine the parameters of the scour basin, we calculated the spatial conjugation of the races in MathCad application software environment. The morphological analysis of soft shells allowed us to establish characteristics of mobile baffles required for protection of the hydrosystem tailraces from scouring. For the formation of an induced vortex flow directed opposite to the channel flow, we propos...