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Increasing of greenhouse gas emissions in atmosphere has caused the raises of global temperatures. Between the greenhouse gases, methane is the second highest contributor to greenhouse gases. Main activities causing methane emissions are enteric fermentation, oil and natural gas systems, coal mining, manure management, rice cultivation and land filling. Methane is released from surface and underground coal mines as a result of production activities. Underground coal mines are responsible for majority of methane em...

The paper presents the structure of an interactive web platform for water integrated management, accessible on Internet. The users of the web platform have unlimited access at a lot of interest information from water integrated management, like: legislation in domain, diverse types of management systems, links to the others speciality sites, a discussion forum, cases studies, presentation of technologies for solving of the management water problems, etc. Through the web technological platform, the visitors / users...

As it is well-known, students’ vocational choice and students’ personally types are very important regarding of the effectiveness of academic programs. This research aims at clarifying the relation between students’ personality types and their choices by using students’ perceptions. The research has been conducted on 352 students attending at School of Vocational Studies. According to the research findings, there are strong relationships between students’ personality types and their choices. Based on The...

The tailing dumps of concentrating mills are specific ground massifs in pe5rmafrost areas. Such massifs impact on the geological environment. They are the important deposits, namely the sources of the rare metals in the Norilsk industrial area. The process engineering of the permafrost tailing dump mining is discussed in this paper based on the study of the artificial cryolythogenesis.

The environmental burdens, representing mainly the objects after the end of mining activity, heaps and setting pits, old landfills and areas of industrial companies, belong to most serious environmental problems in Slovakia today. The disposal of old environmental burdens is usually solved at the regional level, but some activities regarding the disposal are coordinated from the central level. The article deals primarily with issue of old environmental burdens from mining activity, which is marked by higher level ...

Human capital development is one of the major challenges in the overall process socioeconomic development of the Albania. Although the Albania has managed to decrease the percentage of people who have low levels of education, this remains disproportionately high when compared to the corresponding percentage in the EU States. This paper gives an analysis and an assessment of the main reforms that are taking place in education and training, in Albania. In particular, it focuses on vocational education training (VET)...

The purpose of this study is to synthesize zinc borate by using ulexite and to increase efficiency with producing boric acid. In this study, zinc borate production was carried out with two stages. In first stage, boric acid was synthesized from ulexite, in second stage, zinc borate was synthesized from boric acid which was obtained in first stage. When boric acid is synthesized in first stage to produce zinc borate, sodium sulphate and calcium sulphate are separated and they may be evaluated for different applicat...

Preliminary investigation of mineralizations of Thenardite associated with sulfate occurrences in \cCayırhan – Beypazarı, Ankara is presented. Local geology consists of Paleozoic metamorphite schists, Permo-triassic granitic rocks, Middle Jurassic – Upper Cretaceous limestones and marls in flysch facies, Paleocene aged land sedimentaries and marine Eocene units, Miocene to Pliocene aged lacustrine units, which sodium sulfates are associated to. Thenardite, Glauberite and Mirabilite minerals have been detecte...

Konyaaltı coast area is a famous touristic region with its 9 km long beach at the west side of Antalya City. Nowadays, the region is subjected to multi - storey and dense constructioning activities due to its touristic charm. Lagoony and alluvial mechanisms in its development, the soil profile presents a considerably complex structure as a result of sea level and vertical ground movements. In this study, geotechnical and mineralogical characteristics of blue – green clays of the Harbour District existing inside...

The authors were the first to carry out the investigation of thermal properties of serpentinous dunites (olivine rock) at Mount Soloviev, Nizhny Tagil duniteclinopyroxenite massif. The collection studied includes 12 dunite samples varying in the degree of serpentinization in the range of values from near 0 to practically 100\%. The samples of serpentinous dunites from the Urals were investigated for thermoconductivity and thermal diffusivity by the apparatus applying the method of periodic heating in the system of...

Petrophysics (physics of rocks) is a branch of Natural Science which studies physical properties and behavior of rocks, their change regularity and mechanism, and properties interrelationship. Determination of thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and heat capacity is one of the most significant problems in petrophysics. It is necessary for solving a wide range of issues related to natural and artificial thermal fields in the Earth crust: predictions of abyssal temperatures, oil and gas exploration and prospec...

This paper highlights the fact that environmental issues in the border regions are numerous. These problems in border regions are endemic to many countries. At global scale of the whole planet, the importance of transboundary pollution of the air, water, soil is far from negligible (according to reports submitted to the UN). Almost 50\% of our planet earth (excluding Antarctica) is located in international water collection tanks. In this area about 40\% of world’s population lives, stretching over more than 200 ...

As the water has a vital role in human life and economic development, its shortage can cause some economical, agricultural, industrial and environmental problems. These problems are more prominent in warm and dry regions. Therefore, in such areas the water resources management as well as the treatment and recycling of the mine drainage have the great importance. In the underground and open pit mines, we usually deal with the huge amounts of the contaminated water. In this research, by considering of the statistics...

Hydraulic impact hammers are one of the mechanical excavators that can be economically used in tunneling projects under favorable geologic conditions. However, there is relatively less published material in the literature directed to their performance prediction in terms of rock properties. In tunnel drivage projects, there is often the need for accurate means of performance prediction of related mechanical excavators. A poor prediction of machine performance can lead to very costly contractual claims. In this stu...

Heat and exhaust emissions are representing two of the major health and safety issues induced by the presence of Diesel-mounted equipments in underground mines. The first one has greater effects in deep mines, while the second one requires a careful dimensioning of ventilation airflows in all mines. Taking into consideration the higher exposure level of Diesel mounted equipment drivers at the noxious products contained in the exhaust emissions, it clearly appears as a major safety concern the need for an expeditio...

Mineral water and drinking water are two vital and immediate needs for human beings. The origin of 80\% of human diseases are unavailability of healthy water.75 percent of people in developing countries are deprived of facilities for water. Actually , healthy water is scarce and expensive. Pollutions descend the quality of water by changing it physically, chemically and biologically. Some of the pollutions are decadence and can be degraded easily, like human, animal and agricultural drainages. Some of the pollutio...

The submitted paper describes general data about geology, hydrology and hydrogeology of Radovesice dump. There are eleven hydrogeological monitoring objects in the area of interest. Monitoring of the water level in these objects is proceeding every month. Hydrogeological objects are situated to the aquifers inside the dump body and close to the dump floor. Between January 2009 was realized the new monitoring object with six pore pressure sensors. The submitted paper shows particularly our experiences with the eval...

Operation research is scientific system discipline, that at the same time ranking to the praxeology disciplines – science about rational organization of human activity, applied to the area of management in the economy and in the other areas (research, health care, transport, schools, state administration, urbanism, cosmic research, army, etc.). Operation research is orientated to the operation of production, transport, division, services, supplying, stocking, renovation, development, conflict solving, etc. Many ...

For many years, natural disasters were perceived as unavoidable strokes of misfortune brought about by nature’s unpredictable forces. Taking into consideration the magnitude of the tsunami in Asia in 2004, the heavy floods in Mozambique in 2000, and Hurricane Mitch in Central America in 1998, we can see that developing countries are the most victims of such events, mostly due to their limited capacities and resources to mitigate disasters. On another hand is quite visible the efforts that are put on places both ...

As it is well-known, Holland’s theory of vocational choice offers a dependable framework for students’ college expectations and experiences. According to Holland’s theory of vocational choice, students’ personally types and the factors which come from students’ environment are very important regarding of the effectiveness of academic programs. In other words, there should be a kind of person-environment fit. This research aims at clarifying the relation between students’ personally types and their envi...

The University of Missouri-Kansas City (UMKC), a state-supported higher education institution, is located in a large metropolitan area in the central United States. In order to evaluate students’ attitude toward recycling and environmental sustainability, a waste audit along with a survey was conducted at three residence halls at UMKC in fall of 2009 as part of a term project for the “Introduction to Waste Management” class. The residence halls were audited by student teams that physically sorted all solid w...

This paper aims to reflect some concerns regarding the waste management and to highlight its peculiarities. Waste management methods differ depending on the degree of development of a country, the type of area (rural, urban, industrial, residential) and the type of waste. Wastes covered by this article are non-hazardous and hazardous municipal waste (household and similar waste from commerce, industry and institutions), in addition with several other specific waste streams: packaging waste, construction and demoli...

Water is the basis of life and is the driving force for economic and social development and for poverty eradication. Agricultural, domestic, industrial, and ecological processes within communities all rely on its quality and availability. Urban green spaces are key ingredients in the cities’ sustainability and contribute to the quality of life in many ways by providing ecological performance, psychological, physical well-being and recreational services. However existence and establishment of green spaces in the ...

One of the most important factors in economical development is using the resources efficiently. Land possession has a special importance in agriculture which is one of the main sectors of economy. Land is a limited and needed resource which is impossible to reproduce. On the other hand, many scientists explained that agricultural lands have been reduced day by day. For that reason it is necessary to make every kind of regulations and implantations for efficiently and fertile use of lands. One of the most important...

The completion string is the most important component in petroleum production system and should be designed and installed precisely, and maintained properly. If the well suffers scale production problem the importance is multiplied. In this study the four major completion techniques commonly used for non-organic depositions is introduced. The subject has been case studied for one of southern Iranian oil wells with inorganic material production problem. The simulations were run using the Prosper software, and were ...

Determining the optimal location of wells with the aid of an automated search method can significantly increase a project’s net present value as modeled in a reservoir simulator. This work addresses the efficient solution of this problem by using advanced techniques for coupling two important components of autonomic optimization: Dynamic model using Eclipse simulator software (E100), an optimization technique based on the genetic algorithm (GA). Profits and costs during the time period of the project were taken ...

Fine grinding involves a large number of parameters in its operation. In this study, the effect of some parameters such as initial particle size, filling volume of the ball and ball size distribution on fine grinding of calcite powders (-200, -150 and -100 $\mu$m) using a laboratory stirred ball mill was studied under wet conditions. Zirconia beads (ZrSiO4) were used as grinding media with 1.0-1.2, 2.0-2.2 and 2.8-3.0 mm. A series of batch experiments using 2 3 full factorial designs was conducted to determine opt...

For a better definition of the Actual Climatic Optimum (the so called “global warming”) a detailed analysis of the Holocene climate is imperative. This paper broaches this analysis from the perspective of the “mini-glaciations” climatic cycle with a 1,000 yrs period which a series of authors took into consideration. The causes of these cycles are represented by periodical variations of the solar activity. But our analysis has covered a larger stratigraphical interval (23,000 yrs) including the W\"urm III s...

Discontinuities such as beddings, faults and joint sets usually have important role in rock slope stability analysis. Indeed, they can change a rock mass to a blocky system. First of all, in the application of different slope stability analysis methods, the blocks must be absolutely determined in geometrical shape and defined in form of polyhedron. A 3D geometrical model of jointed rock mass, including a set of simulated geotechnical blocks, can be generated considering constraints of the model boundaries and geom...

Fourteen sediment samples from the banks of River Nestos, Northern Greece, were collected, extracted with HNO3 and analyzed for their content in 10 major and 32 trace elements. The analytical techniques used were ICP-OES and ICP-MS. The calculation of the Pearson Correlation Coefficient amongst the analyzed elements has revealed that among the majority of the elements exist positive correlations, which explains why most of them have a similar distribution along the river course. A comparison between the results ac...

In the face of current population growth and fast depletion of resources, organizations and society have become more conscious of the protection of the environment. Organizations are no longer concerned solely with profit maximization; instead, they have adopted a green marketing concept which makes them socially more responsible and sensitive to environmental affairs. What is green marketing? Besides meeting customers’ needs, it is an approach that includes planning, development, pricing, distribution and holdi...

Reservoir fracturing or fissuring is a natural phenomenon and a major factor in many Oil engineering studies. The factors that cause the Reservoir to fracture were analyzed in Tabnak Anticline, in Fars province of Iran using the borehole images information (EMI). A nonlinear simulation and assessment model of reservoir fracturing was established using the artificial neural network (ANN) technology to simulate the structure and function of the neural network (NN) of the human brain with engineering technology. The ...

Since the resistivity and induced polarization methods have an important role for exploration of concealed lead and zinc, in order to assess the Lead and Zinc layers in an ancient mine, Karongah of Kohbanan, four geoelectrics profiles designed and surveyed in shlumberger array, so that these directions were almost vertical in compare with layers direction and they were include 14, 10, 8 and 9 sounding stations respectively. After geological assessment and one dimensional and two dimensional inverse modeling, we dr...

In this study a new testing method for indirect determination of Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) of the rock core samples is presented. As known, there are some methods for indirect estimation of UCS such as; point load (Is), Schmidt hammer, sonic velocity, block punch strength test etc. However point load testing method is widely used to estimate the UCS, there are many problems and limitations related to this method as reported in the recent literature. It was obtained that CST proposed in this paper namel...

There are some limitations and constraints in application of algorithms developed to optimize open pit limits. Therefore, it is normal to develop new algorithms to decrease existing limitations and increase their capabilities. In this paper, the key group concept which mainly use for stability slope analysis is used to develop a new algorithm named “KG-PLO” to optimize open pit limits. The KG-PLO is implemented on an especial type of the economic block model of the mining area. The algorithm can present the tr...

The environmental problems arising from ground vibration has been faced and discussed frequently in various industries such as quarry, mining, civil works, shaft, tunneling, pipe line and dam construction etc. where the blasting operations are unavoidable. In bench blast design, not only the technical and economical aspects, such as block size, uniformity and cost, but also the elimination of environmental problems resulting from ground vibration and air blast should be taken into consideration. One of the fundame...

Both, the current level of air pollution studies and social needs in the country, are in a stage mature enough for creating Bulgarian Chemical Weather Forecasting and Information System. For the purpose, a project is funded by the National Scientific Fund aiming at designing and setting up such a system able to provide timely, informative and reliable forecast products tailored to the needs of various users. The system is foreseen to provide in real time forecast of the spatial/temporal Air Quality behaviour for t...

Mine activity and acid mine drainage formation is one of the biggest environmental problems related not only to environment components influence (soil, biosphere, plants and surface water) but also to man-made materials as concrete degradation because of its chemical composition and microorganisms’ content. Corrosion associated with microorganisms has been recognized for over 50 years and yet the study of microbial involved corrosion is relatively new. Generally, microbial involved corrosion is caused by the exc...

Here we show how a lattice Boltzmann based approach accurately model acoustic wave propagation in strongly heterogeneous media. Rather than solving a partial-differential wave equation in a continuous medium, the lattice-Boltzmann based method directly simulates the physical processes of wave propagation: transportation, reflection and transmission. It can accurately handle sharp interfaces at any locations along lattice links, and total reflections from free surfaces or empty bubbles. I used empty and nonempty bu...

The concept of “sustainability” was developed in recent years in order to make decisions under the consideration of environment. Additionally, “environmental sustainability” means the ensuring of the continuity of the natural resources most of which faced with exhaustion with the increasing population and developing technology on the world. Increasing both adaptive reuse applications and the use of alternating materials will support the protection of natural resources and provide efficiency in terms of ene...

The paper presents a brief review of the results obtained recently in Geoelectromagnetic Research Centre IPE RAS on electromagnetic sounding of the geothermal areas. The case studies are shown illustrating application of the developed methods to 3-D imaging geothermal area, mapping the geothermal reservoir and monitoring the faults’ macroparameters. A special attention is paid to the temperature estimations using recently developed indirect electromagnetic geothermometer.

Rising operating costs of truck haulage in deep open-pit mines, have forced them to apply new methods. The most common method is using an in-pit crusher and conveying the ore and/or waste out of the pit .This method has been successfully implemented in several large open-pit mines. In deep mines it may be necessary to move the crusher and reinstall it in new location(s). This paper offers an approach to determine these location(s). The approach is simply to propose various alternatives and calculate related costs ...

Based on the results of data processing of regular GPS surveying of point field stabilized in the selected location with an active underground mining of coal deposits, it is possible to monitor the development of creating of subsidence depression. One analysis to assist in better understanding of the ongoing processes is the spatial-temporal analysis of shifts of individual points, which serves as a basis for describing degree of influence of the monitored coalfaces on the progress of deformations of different par...

The main issues of this proceed is to ascertainment danger working areas, which will shown the base for protection from hurts, illnesses of workers in they working area. This ascertainment has included each of working group and their duty, which are estimated by them elements shown by the article from 1 up to 5. Level of dangerous is rising from 1 grade up to 5. In this way can select working areas which inflict morbidity, traumatic etc in the worker health. Dangerous renewed areas are selected in 3, 4, 5 category.

Recognition of urban rusty textures due to degradation of urban and environmental general appearance, and also the necessity of planning for their destruction or reform due to their low resistance against natural disasters such as flood, earthquake, etc., are important. The first step for recognition of these textures as spatial objects is to provide mapping the extents of old textures and to evaluate their surface areas, followed by computation and evaluation of their destruction or reform costs. Modern scientifi...

The general purpose of seismic acquisition is to give the research-worker knowledge about the various strata beneath the earth’s surface. The seismic exploration is based on the recording of reflected seismic waves generated from vibrators and deployed directly onto the ground via hydromechanic pads, mounted for the vibrators. The vibrator vibrates through predetermined points, known as “source” points. The registration of the reflected waves is commited also at predetermined positions, known as “receiverв...

Since a very long time ago, men have paid a very especial attention to underground spaces. Stone Age men used to take them as shelters and the contemporary human has applied them in several ways. Caverns are large underground spaces which are excavated in hard rock. Nowadays, engineers’ attention has been drawn to the application of caverns in order to expand the urban areas due to the civil developments and the lack of enough spaces on the surface. On the other hand, caverns have turned to become multi-purpose ...

The application of precise geodetic measurements in industrial surveying is very important in defining the axes or planes in which individual parts of equipment are installed in the process of their assembling. Apart from that, it is necessary to control the whole or some parts of equipment after assembling and putting it into operation for the purpose of obtaining high quality operational procedure. This paper describes the procedure of applying precise geodetic measurements and measuring data processing on speci...

This paper introduces two methods, one is the element Concentration-perimeter and the other is power spectrum- perimeter method, for separating geochemical anomalies from background based on fractal approach. The variability of the element concentration and power spectrum as a function of perimeter from sample sites reveals two different fractal distributional patterns acting within two scale ranges. Therefore, these methods can be used to effectively separate geochemical anomalous areas from background. We compar...