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Discontinuities such as beddings, faults and joint sets usually have important role in rock slope stability analysis. Indeed, they can change a rock mass to a blocky system. First of all, in the application of different slope stability analysis methods, the blocks must be absolutely determined in geometrical shape and defined in form of polyhedron. A 3D geometrical model of jointed rock mass, including a set of simulated geotechnical blocks, can be generated considering constraints of the model boundaries and geom...

Fourteen sediment samples from the banks of River Nestos, Northern Greece, were collected, extracted with HNO3 and analyzed for their content in 10 major and 32 trace elements. The analytical techniques used were ICP-OES and ICP-MS. The calculation of the Pearson Correlation Coefficient amongst the analyzed elements has revealed that among the majority of the elements exist positive correlations, which explains why most of them have a similar distribution along the river course. A comparison between the results ac...

Reservoir fracturing or fissuring is a natural phenomenon and a major factor in many Oil engineering studies. The factors that cause the Reservoir to fracture were analyzed in Tabnak Anticline, in Fars province of Iran using the borehole images information (EMI). A nonlinear simulation and assessment model of reservoir fracturing was established using the artificial neural network (ANN) technology to simulate the structure and function of the neural network (NN) of the human brain with engineering technology. The ...

In this study a new testing method for indirect determination of Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) of the rock core samples is presented. As known, there are some methods for indirect estimation of UCS such as; point load (Is), Schmidt hammer, sonic velocity, block punch strength test etc. However point load testing method is widely used to estimate the UCS, there are many problems and limitations related to this method as reported in the recent literature. It was obtained that CST proposed in this paper namel...

There are some limitations and constraints in application of algorithms developed to optimize open pit limits. Therefore, it is normal to develop new algorithms to decrease existing limitations and increase their capabilities. In this paper, the key group concept which mainly use for stability slope analysis is used to develop a new algorithm named “KG-PLO” to optimize open pit limits. The KG-PLO is implemented on an especial type of the economic block model of the mining area. The algorithm can present the tr...

The environmental problems arising from ground vibration has been faced and discussed frequently in various industries such as quarry, mining, civil works, shaft, tunneling, pipe line and dam construction etc. where the blasting operations are unavoidable. In bench blast design, not only the technical and economical aspects, such as block size, uniformity and cost, but also the elimination of environmental problems resulting from ground vibration and air blast should be taken into consideration. One of the fundame...

Both, the current level of air pollution studies and social needs in the country, are in a stage mature enough for creating Bulgarian Chemical Weather Forecasting and Information System. For the purpose, a project is funded by the National Scientific Fund aiming at designing and setting up such a system able to provide timely, informative and reliable forecast products tailored to the needs of various users. The system is foreseen to provide in real time forecast of the spatial/temporal Air Quality behaviour for t...

Here we show how a lattice Boltzmann based approach accurately model acoustic wave propagation in strongly heterogeneous media. Rather than solving a partial-differential wave equation in a continuous medium, the lattice-Boltzmann based method directly simulates the physical processes of wave propagation: transportation, reflection and transmission. It can accurately handle sharp interfaces at any locations along lattice links, and total reflections from free surfaces or empty bubbles. I used empty and nonempty bu...

Rising operating costs of truck haulage in deep open-pit mines, have forced them to apply new methods. The most common method is using an in-pit crusher and conveying the ore and/or waste out of the pit .This method has been successfully implemented in several large open-pit mines. In deep mines it may be necessary to move the crusher and reinstall it in new location(s). This paper offers an approach to determine these location(s). The approach is simply to propose various alternatives and calculate related costs ...

Recognition of urban rusty textures due to degradation of urban and environmental general appearance, and also the necessity of planning for their destruction or reform due to their low resistance against natural disasters such as flood, earthquake, etc., are important. The first step for recognition of these textures as spatial objects is to provide mapping the extents of old textures and to evaluate their surface areas, followed by computation and evaluation of their destruction or reform costs. Modern scientifi...

The general purpose of seismic acquisition is to give the research-worker knowledge about the various strata beneath the earth’s surface. The seismic exploration is based on the recording of reflected seismic waves generated from vibrators and deployed directly onto the ground via hydromechanic pads, mounted for the vibrators. The vibrator vibrates through predetermined points, known as “source” points. The registration of the reflected waves is commited also at predetermined positions, known as “receiverв...

Since a very long time ago, men have paid a very especial attention to underground spaces. Stone Age men used to take them as shelters and the contemporary human has applied them in several ways. Caverns are large underground spaces which are excavated in hard rock. Nowadays, engineers’ attention has been drawn to the application of caverns in order to expand the urban areas due to the civil developments and the lack of enough spaces on the surface. On the other hand, caverns have turned to become multi-purpose ...

The application of precise geodetic measurements in industrial surveying is very important in defining the axes or planes in which individual parts of equipment are installed in the process of their assembling. Apart from that, it is necessary to control the whole or some parts of equipment after assembling and putting it into operation for the purpose of obtaining high quality operational procedure. This paper describes the procedure of applying precise geodetic measurements and measuring data processing on speci...

This work studies the development and application of the multi-objective genetic algorithm based on the Pareto approach, as a tool for the decision making support in the geospatial analysis. Pareto-based evolutionary mechanism developed as an approach to multi-objective geospatial optimisation operates with fixed parameters of genetic operators. It can be used as efficient tool for multi-objective planning both for their power and flexibility and the fact that they generate a whole set of good solutions rather tha...

The subject of the paper is investigation of the properties of concurrent vibro-acoustic signal in the process of rock massif separation with the method of rotary drilling. The aim is to investigate the possibilities of using this signal as an integrating information source for the purposes of identification of the process of separation from the viewpoint of efficiency of the set mode (pressure, revolutions, and indenter) under current geotechnical conditions. Investigated is the possibility of recognition of the ...

The purpose of this study has been assessment of capability of Artificial Neural Networks in Gas Lift Operations optimization, which is in use for improved oil recovery from oil wells. This in detail is in fact estimation of the two most important parameters of the process, i.e. optimal injection depth and optimal gas injection rate. For gas lift, gas is injected continuously or intermittently at selected location(s), resulting in a reduction in the natural flowing gradient of the reservoir fluid, and thus reducin...

The opportunities for automation of the procedures for creating analytic photogrametric models, processing data from digital mapping and image processing are described. Examples for achieved results in the development of software for the specialized photogrammetric activities and for operating with the programme package < Photo > are given.

Collapsible lands are generally found in arid and sub arid areas. These kinds of soils that are in metastable structure have high void ratio and low weight per unit volume. Loess soil that are wind deposits, residual soils, soils that are formed by volcanic ashes, alluvium soils, fine sand and silts, silt sand and loam are among the soils that have collapsing tendency. Collapsing that happened due to the increase on the water content of the base soil is generally seen in loosen silt layers that have low water cont...

In this work, the horizontal failure loads acting in the wall plane and the shear strengths of the walls constructed using solid batch bricks are studied by considering various types of bond arrangements and the results are discussed. For this purpose the samples are produced using simple running bond and polonez bond. In the experimental study is carried out using the procedure proposed in ASTM 1391-81 for the standard shear stress of masonry walls. The observed behavior of the experimental samples and the cracks...

As it is well-known, Globalization makes mobility easy and possible. That is why a graduate has the opportunity to find not only a nationwide but also a worldwide occupation. In most countries in the world, the function of accreditation for educational institutions is conducted by a government ministry of education. The purpose of this study is presenting the goal of the accreditation. The goal of accreditation is to ensure that education provided by institutions of higher education meets acceptable levels of qual...

A horizon of carbonate minerals underlies the organic soils of the Thracian plane. This horizon has irregular thickness, density and mineral composition. In the world scientific literature, such horizons are usually described as pedogenic calcretes. The growth of the carbonate layer depends on many factors; among them are the global climate change, the acidity of the atmospheric precipitates and the agricultural practices. The carbonate layer is very significant to the biological productivity of the soil. It tends...

After the entry to the European Union the energetic policy of the Slovak republic became an integral part of the European Union energetic policy as well as the element of the world market with the energetic resources. Slovak republic imports around 90 percent of its primary energetic resources that are at the same time poorly diversified because most of them are originated in the Russian Federation. In spite of the significant structural changes in the last two decades the Slovak economy still remains heavily depe...

Selection of multistage excavation method has a special importance in the large section tunnels. It depends on some parameters such as rock type, geomechanical properties, rock mass, tunnel size, etc. This research is aimed to investigate the excavation method in the Imam Zadeh Hashem tunnel as a case study. For this purpose, two excavation methods, namely pilot and extending excavation method and heading-bench excavation method have been compared using numerical methods and FLAC-2D software. The results obtained ...

This paper considers potential changes in storm occurrence and intensity over the western Black Sea through analysis of long term series of wind and wave conditions simulated with relatively high resolution. It is a result of coupling of atmospheric and wave models and spans period of more than 60 years (1948-2008). On the basis of the established methodology of wave climate clustering, wave events capable of producing a noticeable morphological response are separated from the remaining part of the dataset. Furthe...

Mineral Resource management (MRM) is defined as a holistic view on mining activities at firm levels to optimise the use of these non-renewable resources. In this paper, after reviewing of related terms about MRM such as sustainable development, we combined MRM objectives at firm with government responsibilities on mine sector management, and a new applicable cause and effect framework was proposed. This framework which is based on sustainable development satisfies both of firm objectives and the governmental respo...

An Investigation of explosive consolidation processes of W-Cu ultra-disperse and nano sized powder compositions are discussed. For theoretical calculations of the explosive loaded materials were used the hydrodynamic theory and experimental adiabatics of W and Cu. The stress-deformed state of the steel ampoule-containers was estimated using the solutions of elasticity theory. Copper tungsten (W-Cu) powder compositions were consolidated to full or near-full density by explosive-compaction technique. The industrial ...

Nowadays, airborne electromagnetic methods are widely used to investigate subsurface areas. One of these methods is helicopter electromagnetic method. The basis of inverse modeling of frequency-domain HEM data is to solve Mundry’s integral numerically. Various methods have been invented for numerical solution of this integral, such as Laplace transform, fast Hankel coefficients and Jacobian methods. To analyze helicopter electromagnetic data, we need inverse programs which can assist us to achieve the best or ac...

Twenty first Century witnessed rapid advance of technology and resultant extravagant use of technological products by people. Unconscious and extravagant use of technology products rapidly pollutes the environment, where we live. Accelerated environmental pollution, including both alive and non-alive nature which in fact serves partially for alive functions, is most serious problem of our age Global Warming , recently started to be argued, and resultant drawbacks are, in fact, continuum of environmental and global...

The ratio of observed vertical stress to its theoretical value in a soil mass which has settlement potential could be defined as arching ratio. This phenomenon could be observed in some projects, such as earth-fill dams, tunnels, and piles. Arching in earthfill dams may results in hydraulic fracture due to increase of pore water pressure, is the most important result of arching. Hydraulic fracture causes internal cracking of clay core which in turn results in more water seepage. To evaluate the arching effect, an ...

Statement of the problem. In prospecting of deposit, geologists collect many samples, which after chemical analysis of concentration gives a lot of numbers that would be used for resource calculation. Let denote space vector by t (it can be univariate for a hole, bivariate and threedimensional for a deposit), concentration by x(t), and productive part of space by Q. Resource of deposit X composes the integral of concentration x(t) over Q by samples. This is not simple mathematical problem and, consistently, differ...

The work presents the concerns and contributions of the research collective in the hydrology and water management field of the Hydrotechnics Faculty, “Politehnica” University – Romania, from last years. In the work are taken into account: the accidental inundations produced by the cross and longitudinal of the defense works failure; the water courses rehabilitation, the assessment and re ecology techniques of the water body; modeling of the eco hydrological systems; economic analysis of the catchments proper...

The authors present the update stage of Braila Plain water resouces. Within the surface waters, the Buzau, Siret, Calmatui rivers as well as the Danube are included, as they are water suppliers for Braila Plain, in the absence of other important water resources. The lakes are few in number, with a low volume of water and a high chemism. The smalldepth underground waters exist as a continuously ground water layer and the high-depth ones are found especially in the Fratesti layers, but these have a high mineralizati...

The phreatic groundwater from the Ialomita – Buzau river basin are quartered in the sedimentary formations of Quaternary age, starting with the ones of the lower Pleistocene and finishing with the Holocene and recent ones. The most important phreatic aquifer layers, from the point of view of the water resources quartered in permeable and raw formations (gravels, blocks, raw and average sands), are spread in the Buzau dry delta area, in the divagation plain between Buzău and Călmăţui and in the alluvial plain...

A review of extreme storm events along the Bulgarian Black Sea coast is of interest for wide spectrum of readers – oceanographers, meteorologists, engineers, economists, decision makers and stakeholders. Reasonable management of the coastal zone demands a reliable and timely forecasting of storm events and evaluation of the related potential damages and economical losses. This paper focuses on the heavy storm of February 1979. The aim of the study is reconstruction of all stages of the storm on the basis of avai...

In continuous gas lift, gas may be injected continuously or intermittently, depending on the producing characteristics of the well and the arrangement of the gas-lift equipment. Being somehow an ancient tool with an age of over a century, gas lift is though still a challenging problem when overall optimization is the concern. When the injection gas is of a limited supply the problem is finding the best gas allocation scheme. However there are increasingly emerging cases in certain geographic localities where the g...

Dangerous geological processes which were caused by nature or anthropogenic are the reason of the catastrophes and the human sacrifices which necessary prevent and avert. A complex of the geological processes was considered and actions for engineering protection of the valley of the river Mzymta.

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) with UV irradiation and titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a photocatalyst is a ’green’ process for the treatment and purification of water and wastewater. In this work, for further investigation of applicable AOPs for wastewater treatment, a novel tubular continuous-flow photoreactor was designed and constructed and then all experiments were carried out in this photoreactor. The photoreactor comprises six quartz tubes and a UV lamp, which was placed in the center of the quartz tube...

The approach for formal description of topological description of images is suggested. It is based on the grammar approach for the definition the different types of graphic images. The procedure for verification of defined image is developed. It is based on the conformity checks. The procedures for creation of such description from binary maps and grey level monochrome or multiband images are compared. The procedures for matching of identical points in images are introduced. Such approach is suitable for georefere...

In this study, blast originated vibrations were monitored around the limestone quarry owned by Konya Cement Factory near Konya city. Since the city limits have been widened and the land around the quarry opened to residential area. The work presented here, concentrates the vibration measurements taken from two different locations for each rock blast by Instantel-Minimate plus equipments. The data obtained were then analyzed by means of Blastware 8.0 software and results were presented here in this paper. The vibra...

Metals occur in different forms : as ions dissolved in water, as vapours, or as salts or minerals in rock, sand and soil. They can also be bound in organic or inorganic molecules, or attached to particles in the air. Both natural anthropogenic processes and sources emit metals into air and water. The effects of metals in the environment depend to a large extent on whether they occur in forms that can be taken up by plants or animals. Uptake of metals in an animal involves metal ions crossing a cell membrane. The a...

Recycling of metals has been becoming an attractive subject, lately due to the fact that the depleted resources, high energy consumption and harmful gases emission. Metal machining chips are recycled conventionaly which consist of melting casting. In the paper the method of direct conversion of bronze and steel chips, into finished product without melting, as an alternative way to conventional method is described. Metal chips were comminuted by mechanical milling and for the next processing the granulated chips la...

Water samples of 5 sites belonging to 3 streams of Douro River Basin (Portugal, NE) were analyzed regarding their hydrogeochemical and microbiological parameters. Two of the studied streams (Corgo and Pinhao) were strongly influenced by agricultural practices and construction pressures while the other stream (Olo) has low human impact. The study was conducted during 2.5 years, in winter and summer. Physicochemical characterization of water samples from Olo stream show very low mineralization (Electrical Conductivi...

The objective of the study is to investigate the geochemical properties and suitability as an industrial raw material of \cCakraz district dolomite occurrences NW Anatolia. Most of the former studies on the area deals with field geology and ignores industrial mineral potential. Lias (Jurassic) HimmetpaЕџa Formation formed the basement of the region and was overlaid by the Barremian (Cretaceous) Zonguldak Formation with unconformity. Aptian (Cretaceous) Kilimli Formation covered the Zonguldak Formation. A field stu...

The Open Education System is a candidate as the biggest institution in Turkey that performs the publishing of educational content on the Internet when the target audience is considered as a main factor. In the business world, accounting is one discipline of study that all people, regardless of job position, should have some knowledge of. Its concepts can be applied to all job specialties, its importance has been promoted in recent years, and it is useful in people’s everyday lives. Open and distance education sy...

In this study, behaviors of wall samples produced from solid batch bricks were investigated under horizontal loads using various types of bond. Fort his aim six samples that contain three samples from each one, whose dimensions are 60*60 cm, were prepared. Hatch bond and running bond types were used while preparing the samples. Produced masonry wall samples were failure using experimental technique of standard shear strengths. The observed behavior of the experimental samples and the cracks occurred are studied, h...

The roof of the tunnel and sidewalls are especially influenced by the tunnels shape and dimension. Rock engineering mostly concentrates the reasons of these disturbances to decide if they are stress induced or discontinuity governing deformations. In this study, it has been concentrated on two shallow tunnels which are 35-90 meters below the ground surface. They were opened in limestone rock mass containing lamination and cavities as well. Electrical resistivity measurements were used to determine the weakness zon...

Electrical resistivity measurements have been used in engineering for many purposes. In this study, blasting effects on the back of blasted holes at a quarry bench have been put under evaluation. Earth resistivity of bench rock, limestone, was measured before and after blasting by electrical resistivity equipment with the same electrode positions. The resultant resistivity graphs demonstrate the blasting performed in this study influence slightly the rock resistivity of the rock mass situated 4 m from the blasted ...

The standard impedance condition is the simplest way of simulating the material properties of a planar surface. This method is only accurate if the coating is very thin or lossy. To improve the accuracy, generalized impedance conditions can be used to simulate the material properties of a planar surface. The accurate solution of a scattering problem via planar slab depends on its thickness, the wavelength of incident wave, and material properties of the slab. Since boundary condition is local in character, accurac...

This is a study that a comparasion was trying to establish the difference between government –private sector health care workers and randomly selected group of people on the issue of Environment and Health Literacy .Besides the literacy of the environment but also evaluation of behaviour of proctection of environment close and remote vicinty were studied.Also in this study, comparison was trying to make between participants on the issue of information source and primary reason of environmental awareness. This st...