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An explanation is given of the regularities of occurrence of constant constituents in long-term series of river runoff, evaporation, and changes in the total water reserves of catchments, which are based on the detection effect, both in hard-deterministic and in stochastic systems – river basins. With regard to long-term runoff, this conclusion is confirmed by empirical data on the probability distributions of almost all the rivers of the globe. For evaporation and changes in the total water reserves, this conclus...

The article considers the solving the problem arising at the mathematical modeling of hydrological processes, namely, the problem of the number of phase variables taken into account in the model. The number of variables in the model can change depending on the climate. The fractal dimension characterizes required number of variables. In the article the results of applying the established regularity of the influence of the long-term norm of surface air temperature on the fractal dimensionality of the annual runoff ...