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An explanation is given of the regularities of occurrence of constant constituents in long-term series of river runoff, evaporation, and changes in the total water reserves of catchments, which are based on the detection effect, both in hard-deterministic and in stochastic systems – river basins. With regard to long-term runoff, this conclusion is confirmed by empirical data on the probability distributions of almost all the rivers of the globe. For evaporation and changes in the total water reserves, this conclus...

The methodology of sustainable forecasting of runoff and diagnosing bifurcations of its formation, being considered in the article, allows solving fundamentally new hydrological problems (including problems of engineering hydrology) related to the possibility of obtaining long-term estimates of the probabilistic characteristics of long-term river runoff under the conditions of evolutionary changes in the runoff formation factors (climate and anthropogenic activity on catchments). Currently, these long-term estimat...

The article considers the solving the problem arising at the mathematical modeling of hydrological processes, namely, the problem of the number of phase variables taken into account in the model. The number of variables in the model can change depending on the climate. The fractal dimension characterizes required number of variables. In the article the results of applying the established regularity of the influence of the long-term norm of surface air temperature on the fractal dimensionality of the annual runoff ...

The article deals with the regularity connecting the correlation type of the fractal dimension of the series of river flow with the climatic norm of the surface air temperature. The identified patterns in the increased fractal dimension of long-term river flow series at extremely low (sub-Arctic climatic zone) and high (sub-equatorial zone) climatic norms of surface air temperature are linked with its significant influence on the selective value of evaporation in comparison with the river flow. A map of the locati...