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The phreatic groundwater from the Ialomita – Buzau river basin are quartered in the sedimentary formations of Quaternary age, starting with the ones of the lower Pleistocene and finishing with the Holocene and recent ones. The most important phreatic aquifer layers, from the point of view of the water resources quartered in permeable and raw formations (gravels, blocks, raw and average sands), are spread in the Buzau dry delta area, in the divagation plain between Buzău and Călmăţui and in the alluvial plain...

A review of extreme storm events along the Bulgarian Black Sea coast is of interest for wide spectrum of readers – oceanographers, meteorologists, engineers, economists, decision makers and stakeholders. Reasonable management of the coastal zone demands a reliable and timely forecasting of storm events and evaluation of the related potential damages and economical losses. This paper focuses on the heavy storm of February 1979. The aim of the study is reconstruction of all stages of the storm on the basis of avai...

In continuous gas lift, gas may be injected continuously or intermittently, depending on the producing characteristics of the well and the arrangement of the gas-lift equipment. Being somehow an ancient tool with an age of over a century, gas lift is though still a challenging problem when overall optimization is the concern. When the injection gas is of a limited supply the problem is finding the best gas allocation scheme. However there are increasingly emerging cases in certain geographic localities where the g...

The North part of Kashmar is located about 250 Km Southwest of Mashhad, Northeast Iran. It is part of the structural Darouneh fault zone and contains rhyolitic, andesitic, pyroclastic and lava flows. Based on results obtained from AFM and Miyashiro diagrams the igneous rocks classified as a subalkaline and calcalkaline. From the data obtained the Kashmar strike-slip fault geometry (distribution of shear fractures such as R,RЛґ,P surfaces, Riedel structures) plays an important role in controlling the location and e...

Dangerous geological processes which were caused by nature or anthropogenic are the reason of the catastrophes and the human sacrifices which necessary prevent and avert. A complex of the geological processes was considered and actions for engineering protection of the valley of the river Mzymta.

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) with UV irradiation and titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a photocatalyst is a ’green’ process for the treatment and purification of water and wastewater. In this work, for further investigation of applicable AOPs for wastewater treatment, a novel tubular continuous-flow photoreactor was designed and constructed and then all experiments were carried out in this photoreactor. The photoreactor comprises six quartz tubes and a UV lamp, which was placed in the center of the quartz tube...

The approach for formal description of topological description of images is suggested. It is based on the grammar approach for the definition the different types of graphic images. The procedure for verification of defined image is developed. It is based on the conformity checks. The procedures for creation of such description from binary maps and grey level monochrome or multiband images are compared. The procedures for matching of identical points in images are introduced. Such approach is suitable for georefere...

In this study, blast originated vibrations were monitored around the limestone quarry owned by Konya Cement Factory near Konya city. Since the city limits have been widened and the land around the quarry opened to residential area. The work presented here, concentrates the vibration measurements taken from two different locations for each rock blast by Instantel-Minimate plus equipments. The data obtained were then analyzed by means of Blastware 8.0 software and results were presented here in this paper. The vibra...

Metals occur in different forms : as ions dissolved in water, as vapours, or as salts or minerals in rock, sand and soil. They can also be bound in organic or inorganic molecules, or attached to particles in the air. Both natural anthropogenic processes and sources emit metals into air and water. The effects of metals in the environment depend to a large extent on whether they occur in forms that can be taken up by plants or animals. Uptake of metals in an animal involves metal ions crossing a cell membrane. The a...

Recycling of metals has been becoming an attractive subject, lately due to the fact that the depleted resources, high energy consumption and harmful gases emission. Metal machining chips are recycled conventionaly which consist of melting casting. In the paper the method of direct conversion of bronze and steel chips, into finished product without melting, as an alternative way to conventional method is described. Metal chips were comminuted by mechanical milling and for the next processing the granulated chips la...

In this study, dissolution kinetics of iron leaching by sulphuric acid under atmospheric pressure from Karacam (Eskisehir-Turkey) lateritic ore was studied. The effects on the iron reaching rate of stirring speed, sulphuric acid concentration, temperature, particle size, and solid/liquid ratio were investigated. In order to investigate the effects of leaching temperature range of 40–90 °C the shrinking core model was applied by using the results of experiments. Kinetics analysis showed that the iron dissolution...

Water samples of 5 sites belonging to 3 streams of Douro River Basin (Portugal, NE) were analyzed regarding their hydrogeochemical and microbiological parameters. Two of the studied streams (Corgo and Pinhao) were strongly influenced by agricultural practices and construction pressures while the other stream (Olo) has low human impact. The study was conducted during 2.5 years, in winter and summer. Physicochemical characterization of water samples from Olo stream show very low mineralization (Electrical Conductivi...

The objective of the study is to investigate the geochemical properties and suitability as an industrial raw material of \cCakraz district dolomite occurrences NW Anatolia. Most of the former studies on the area deals with field geology and ignores industrial mineral potential. Lias (Jurassic) HimmetpaЕџa Formation formed the basement of the region and was overlaid by the Barremian (Cretaceous) Zonguldak Formation with unconformity. Aptian (Cretaceous) Kilimli Formation covered the Zonguldak Formation. A field stu...

Continuously increasing demand for energy resources drives petroleum industry to search in very deep waters, drilling very deep wells, encountering adverse conditions of pressures and temperatures and thus having to resolve a multitude of problems. In many cases, the problems can be attributed to the performance of drilling fluids which then presents challenges to drilling fluid industry. Such problems include poor hole cleaning, high pressure losses, loss circulation zones, fluid gelation, reservoir fluid invasio...

The Open Education System is a candidate as the biggest institution in Turkey that performs the publishing of educational content on the Internet when the target audience is considered as a main factor. In the business world, accounting is one discipline of study that all people, regardless of job position, should have some knowledge of. Its concepts can be applied to all job specialties, its importance has been promoted in recent years, and it is useful in people’s everyday lives. Open and distance education sy...

In the Karacadag area (Central Anatolia, Turkiye), small volumes of mildly-alkaline lavas associated with large volumes of calcalkaline lavas crop out. 40Ar/39Ar age data indicate that the mildly-alkaline lavas were erupted during Early Miocene (ca. 18 Ma). The lavas are composed of alkali basalt, hawaiite, mugearite, benmoreite and trachydacite, and include olivine, ortho/clinopyroxene, amphibole, plagioclase, opaque and rare anorthoclase. The mildly-alkaline lavas have a sodic tendency (Na2O/K2O = 1.5-3.2) and r...

Rodent fossils found in lignit establishments in Elbistan town in MaraЕџ city are described. Six species are identified: There are three Muridae: Apodemus dominans, Apodemus cf. atavus and Occitanomys sp. and one Arvicolidae: Promimomys cor, one Cricetidae: Cricetus lophidens, and one Gliridae: Myomimus sp. The Early Pliocene rodents samples of Elbistan are of Eastern Mediterranean character.

Building of double bridges with doubling of railways in Bulgaria may generate conflicts at the points where they cross rivers. The conflict is arising usually by the approach of investors and designers to subordinate the river to the functions of the facility, without enough studies and preventive measures. The lack of solution of the conflict leads to more expenditures for correction, strengthening and maintaining of the river bed. The aim of the paper is to propose recommendations how bridges shall not create wa...

The theory of corporate social responsibility promotes, without regarding sector differences, all corporations not to consider only economic and financial issue, but also stakeholders as well as social and environmental burdens born to community where the company operates. The Neo-classic model of corporate social responsibility recommends companies to obey moral minimum while seeking maximum profits and within this context, the model advises particularly to integrate corporate social responsibility into purchasin...

In this study, behaviors of wall samples produced from solid batch bricks were investigated under horizontal loads using various types of bond. Fort his aim six samples that contain three samples from each one, whose dimensions are 60*60 cm, were prepared. Hatch bond and running bond types were used while preparing the samples. Produced masonry wall samples were failure using experimental technique of standard shear strengths. The observed behavior of the experimental samples and the cracks occurred are studied, h...

The roof of the tunnel and sidewalls are especially influenced by the tunnels shape and dimension. Rock engineering mostly concentrates the reasons of these disturbances to decide if they are stress induced or discontinuity governing deformations. In this study, it has been concentrated on two shallow tunnels which are 35-90 meters below the ground surface. They were opened in limestone rock mass containing lamination and cavities as well. Electrical resistivity measurements were used to determine the weakness zon...

Electrical resistivity measurements have been used in engineering for many purposes. In this study, blasting effects on the back of blasted holes at a quarry bench have been put under evaluation. Earth resistivity of bench rock, limestone, was measured before and after blasting by electrical resistivity equipment with the same electrode positions. The resultant resistivity graphs demonstrate the blasting performed in this study influence slightly the rock resistivity of the rock mass situated 4 m from the blasted ...

The standard impedance condition is the simplest way of simulating the material properties of a planar surface. This method is only accurate if the coating is very thin or lossy. To improve the accuracy, generalized impedance conditions can be used to simulate the material properties of a planar surface. The accurate solution of a scattering problem via planar slab depends on its thickness, the wavelength of incident wave, and material properties of the slab. Since boundary condition is local in character, accurac...

This is a study that a comparasion was trying to establish the difference between government –private sector health care workers and randomly selected group of people on the issue of Environment and Health Literacy .Besides the literacy of the environment but also evaluation of behaviour of proctection of environment close and remote vicinty were studied.Also in this study, comparison was trying to make between participants on the issue of information source and primary reason of environmental awareness. This st...

Environmental health is the aspect of public health that is concerned with those forms of life, substances, forces and conditions in the surroundings of man that may exert an influence of human health and well-being. This definition includes other people as part of a person’s surroundings that contribute to the status of environmental health. The aim of environmental health education is to help students to achieve health by their own actions and efforts; to make the environmental health a valued community asset;...

Environment includes social, cultural, economic and political considerations, as well as the more usually understood features such as soil, climate and food supply. Notably, biological agents are sensitive to environmental conditions. To sum up, the relative ease and low cost of producing biological agents, the difficulties in detecting their presence and treating exposed victims and their potential will be used not only for humans but crops and livestock as well. In the future The terrorists probably being use bi...

The presented work is aiming at climate change impacts and vulnerability assessment in Bulgaria. Climate change may affect exposures to air pollutants by affecting weather and thereby local and regional pollution concentrations, by affecting anthropogenic emissions (emission scenarios), by affecting natural sources of air pollutant emissions (biogenic VOCs) and by affecting many other processes. Local weather patterns (namely temperature, precipitation, clouds, atmospheric water vapor, wind speed, and wind directi...

In Romania the estimation of the qualitative and quantitative status for the groundwater bodies was maded for each delineated groundwater body. The monitoring and knowledge activity of the groundwater bodies are made on the river basins through the observation wells for the shallow and depth groundwaters. The majority of these wells belong to the National Hydrogeological Network, but for the polluted areas there are local monitoring networks. The BuzДѓu-IalomiЕЈa river basin is one of the eleven Water Directions f...

Addresses constitute a very important part in the infrastructure of the society. They are exploited not only in everyday life but also in an infinite number of activities. In civil service are addresses linked to civil engineering, cadastre, administration, risk and health management etc. In business an address serves as a primary navigation tool for marketing, insurance, banking, telecommunications, tourism, logistic and others. Citizens encounter the addresses for understanding of the spatial context, through ca...

Land planning is more and more understood to be a decisive tool, by means of which the society secures the systematic solving of functional, economic and engineering problems of the arrangement of landscape settlement, the rational use and protection of natural resources. The paper deals with an evaluation of four selected geobarriers (flood lands, radon hazard, undermining and slope movements) by means of geographic information systems that are geofactors endangering or limiting landscape and environment or make ...

The water pollution on marine ecosystems could cause health problems through water contamination and in a direct contact, when used for recreation aims, or in indirect way, by the negative impacts to marine ecosystems and by consuming of polluted marine products. The samplings of marine water (2007) are taken from the stratum water surface about 10 cm, at a distance 10-20 m by sea coast. At sandy beaches, where water depth in sea coast is shallow, water samples are taken at distance 10-30 m from sea coast with wat...

Pillars are key structural columns in underground mining. They are usually made of in situ intact ores and do not have additional reinforcements. Their main function is temporary or permanent support of ore ceiling of rooms during excavation and mining. Coal pillar strength is usually estimated according to empirical formulae obtained from field observations. Todays, numerical models have found increasing use in pillar design. The FLAC3D Software based Mohr-Coulomb Strain Softening (MCSS) failure criterion was use...

The more important eco-climatic indicators for study aspects are: sun-light, precipitations, temperatures, relative air humidity, wind and other atmospheric phenomenon. Bioclimate is considered as a combination among the vegetation area and climatic elements with indexes: temperature, precipitations, wind, air humidity etc. This combination creates a complete, continued and stable view of an area or some ecologic areas in relation to indexes of bio-climate content elements. The basic indexes of use on bioclimatic ...

Seashore, generally, especially cliffs, are very often affected by problems with instability. Such problems often lead to endanger of existing properties, excavations or structures under construction and to increase in expenses. The prime trigger for land slipping is a high ground water level. The method of dewatering is important. Some traditional drainage techniques are proven methods. However, two innovative deep drainage systems, siphon drains and electropneumatic drains, could have certain advantages. Two exa...

Slag are by-products by metallurgical processes. The most famous slag are blast furnace slag and steel slag. Their treatment and using are known and their using is very extensive. Cupola slag formats by cast- iron production in cupola furnace. In some countries it is used by roadway building but in Slovakia it is waste only. In some European countries it is granulated and granulation product is used in building industry. Cupola slag is after tipping from cupola furnace casted in to slag dip and put in to waste dep...

One of the main purposes of today public policy is to find a way of encourage the sustainable development. In our econometric approach we seek to find a possible connection between the environmental components of a nation’s budget and the GDP. The hypothesis is that if the GDP permits the public decision makers could ensure a high level of environmental public utilities. Trying to identify a bound between macroeconomic aggregates and the environment is not something new. The Chinese Green GDP is something simila...

ly ash is one of the residues generated in the combustion of coal. Fly ash is generally captured from the chimneys of coal-fired power plants, all fly ash includes substantial amounts of silicon dioxide (SiO2) (both amorphous and crystalline) and calcium oxide (CaO). In the past, fly ash was generally released into the atmosphere, but pollution control equipment mandated in recent decades now requires that it be captured prior to release. Total amount of fly ash produced at coal-fired power plants is about 450 mil...

Konya is the biggest city of Turkey in terms of area and agricultural land, on the other hand sixth biggest city in terms of population. Because of the decrease of rainfall and increase in temperature, the agricultural production and daily water consumption are effected negatively in last years. Rainfall, one of the basic parameters of the hydrological cycle, has a big importance to determine the water budgets and to improve the water supply policy. In this study, monthly total rainfall data belong to Konya betwee...

The main goal of 2D and 3D object visualization is to present measured data in other way than in forms of text records and tables. FOTOM system is a general purpose platform for technical and medical image analysis. The primary target is to measure specified objects of interest. This paper covers the general description of the system and its main functions. We will briefly describe newly implemented modules for statistical evaluation, 3D modeling and 2D animation.

The metamafic rocks are represented by amphibolite, garnet-bearing amphibolite and amphibole-bearing schists, associated with a series of supracrustal metasediments in Pan-African basement of the Bitlis massif. The geochemical data of the samples propose different igneous protolithes varying from calcalkaline basalt to andezite. The samples can be classified as Group-1(low Zr) and Group-2 (high Zr), all displaying various enrichments in large ion lithophile (LIL) and light rare earth (LRE) elements and depletion i...

Main aim of this study is characterization of environmental contamination in surrounding of abandoned Sb-deposits in Slovakia by toxic elements as result of longtime mining activity. Main scientific interest is focused on migration of toxic elements in soil profile, their sources and bindings on Fe-oxyhydroxides or other natural sorbents, possibility of input to aquatic systems in studied localities. Results of chemical analyses of soil samples showed large-scale contamination of soil profiles in studied localitie...

The “Pecine” Tunnel is located on the Croatian national road D404 which connects the centre of city Rijeka and Su\vsak port with the Rijeka Bypass. Because of many specificities, namely, three-lane and four-lane sections, two connections, tunnel’s location near the residential area and railway, it was required special approach to its construction. In this paper geodetic procedure and the results of stake out supervising of some tunnel elements, cross profile surveying, as well as verification and adjustment ...

One of the main purposes of GIS is to provide organization with increased information and analyzing spatial data. A GIS can become increasingly more valuable in prediction of quantitative or qualitative variables in no measured locations when coupled to Artificial Intelligence (AI). ANN is one of the AI fields that is a highly simplified model for the biological structure of a human brain. An ANN when linked to GIS, can be useful for evaluating, monitoring, decision making and of course predicting. In this study, ...

Submitted paper describes collector of the quaternary sediments and the simulation of the groundwater in this collector. The interest area is situated to the central part of the North Bohemian Brown Coal Basin in the Czech Republic. There is one of the biggest coals opencast mine called CSA in the Czech Republic. The groundwater flow in the quaternary sediments brings in consequence great stability problem of the upper overburden cuts. We decided to construct the three dimensional geological model of the quaternar...

The study area is located at the southwest end of Taurid Orogenic belt, around YanД±klar\cCiftlik- Karagedik (Fethiye-MuДџla) and covers approximately an area of 77 km2. In the study area magmatic and sedimentary rocks formed in Mesozoic-Senozoic period crop out. Eventhough the Upper Triassic-Low Jurassic Kayak\"oy formation represented by dolomite, cherty dolomite and dolomitic limestone occurs at the basement of the study area. This unit lies tectonically on the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous BabadaДџ formation...

This paper is devoted to a quite new development stage of Geoinformatics when science turns from specialists to mass users. Some time ago Cartography went by the same way. However, there is a danger to have too many GIS-makers like map-makers and to forget that Geoinformation systems should be considered not only as entertainment thing but also as decision-making tool. Especially it is a topical question if we speak about remote sensing data, which recently became available for each Internet-user, and Google masss...

The growing concern for the preservation of heritage in face of natural hazards led to the appearance of the Regional Framework Operation (OQR) NOE - Heritage and Prevention of Natural Hazards under the Community Initiative INTERREG III C. The OQR NOE, led by the Provence-Alpes-Cote d’Azur (PACA, France) region, together with the Northern Portuguese regional coordination agency (CCDR-N), Molise and Sicily regions (Italy) and eastern region of Attica (Greece) aimed at developing preventive measures to safeguard t...

Novel or accelerated global changes call for local action. The question on how to adapt to global change led recently to the formulation of a number of national and regional adaptation strategies to climate change. Beside climate, however, also other aspects as land use, agricultural markets and social structures are affected by and in return influence the perpetual global change. The steady interaction between regional development and global change further complicates a holistic strategy formulation. In order to ...

The climate change due to global warming is accepted among the greatest environmental problems resulted from the human effects of increasing energy consumption, urbanization and deforestation events threatening the healthy life of people and environment. Many results of the climate change due to global warming can be estimated as the melting of snow covers, terrestrial and sea icebergs, replacement of climate zones, frequent formation of severe weather events, floods that gain strength in time, severe droughts, fo...

The very sharing of resources that lies at the heart of the Grid concepts is of utmost importance in the case that we are studying. Securing the sharing of instruments through industry standard methodologies offers an unprecedented way for scientists to cooperate efficiently through standardized security means, without the incompatibility of implementing interoperability layers for each different experiment and site combination. We performed our model use case analysis in two complementary ways: by the examination...