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This study aims to ensure the offshore pipeline under offshore vortex shedding analysis. Optimizations process depending on the iterative procedures requires an analysis considering each of extreme condition on the internal and external pipe flow. The stabilization of the offshore pipeline on sea bottom exposed to wind-generated wave and uniform-steady current action is achieved by utilized artificial concrete weights and sliding resistance between pipe and soil. Additionally, the vortex shedding induced dynamical...

The oil and gas perspectives of the Triassic rocks in the Central South Moesian Platform Margin are evaluated on the basis of a complex geological analysis. The geodynamic evolution of the region during Triassic was dominated by failed rifting phases, followed by Early Cimmerian orogeny. These events have predestined tectonic processes and sedimentation settings, leading to deposition of source rocks, reservoirs, permeable migration pathways and seals. The initial extensional stages and then compression at the end...

Analytical model of the stress-deformed state of the rock mass in production mining is proposed. In comparison with conventional ones, the model takes into account the depth of coal extraction, thickness seam and the existence of the total zone of mining subsidence displacement. As is shown by calculations, effect of said factors results in complete reconsideration of the stress-strain state pattern of the rock mass and may serve as the basis for the development of mining subsidence displacement theory.

Some studies of the MM5/CMAQ modeling system sensitivity to changes of the emissions of ozone precursors are presented in the paper. Tree domains were set over Europe with resolution 90-30-10 km. The most inner domain embraces entirely Romania, Bulgaria and Greece. MM5 was run over these domains for June 2000 with NCEP 1x1 degree Global Analysis data. MM5 was run on the external grids in a “two-way nesting” and over the finer grid in a “one-way nesting” mode. EMEP inventory grid data and its 16.67 km deseg...

Specific attention has been paid to methods of amelioration for exploration and increasing the efficiency due to importance of dimensional stones industry and its expanding position in non-petroleum export in Iran. Connected scientific management in this industry is essential for the growth of quality efficiency. In this study, one of the several points of view that should be entered in connected scientific management of quarry mines exploration is analyze. It is obvious that deep and lateral expansion of ruptures...

The Upper Triassic-Lower Jurassic KД±zД±loren formation outcroping around the KД±zД±loren mountain, 40 km to the west of Konya begin with dolomite at the base and, grades upward into calcitic dolomite, dolomitic limestone and limeston,. Dolomites are two types; mimetic and non-mimetic. In mimetic dolomit, pellet fossils, ooid and intraclast were poartially or totaly preserved. In non-mimetic dolomite, the depositional texture were totaly destroyed. It is composed of euhedral, hemihedral, dirty-brownish coloured, n...

Defining the mineral potential of the sea floor could be handled by different methods, but the prerequisites for each methods is to clear the conditions of precipitation environment such as physico – chemical conditions and also it depends on the type of precipitant. The appearance of any mineral in the sea floor strongly depends on the aqueous environment and the physical prosperities of the mineral. In this article, first of all, I considered the physiographic regions of the sea floor in entire the world, an a...

Our investigation regard the distribution of pollutant in the soils degraded by mine activity in the circuit soil-macromycetes. Pollutants categories have been evidenced using FT-IR spectroscopy. Our results underline the macromycetes species extremely flexible capacity to accumulate pollutants of various categories. The distribution of the pollutants in the soil varies from one region to another and depends on the prelevation depth.

The special geographical situation of Isfahan and its location in a depression as well as gathering pollutants in the air has turned Isfahan to one of the most polluted cities in Iran. In winter, Isfahan has the most pollutants in the air. In summer and autumn, it has a high level of pollutants. But in spring, the city has healthy air. The synoptic study of the air indicates that there is a high pressure center in Isfahan which is the result of the strengthening and spread of Siberia high pressure center and the s...

In the last few years has begun the development of dynamic web applications, often called Web2.0. From this development was created a technology of composite web application also called Mashups. Composite web applications may easily combine huge amounts of data sources and functionalities of existing as well as future web applications and services. Therefore, they are used to develop a new device, which offers new possibilities in information usage. Great advantage of this technology is lowering the cost for the s...

Smelting of hammerable iron and its treatment in Antiquity and Medieval produced also by-product: slag. Because of small yields of iron the process produced only small amounts of slag that did not attract attention of smelter concerning its possible use. The use of slag pieces was only accidental. The paper deals with the most important processes used for treatment of blast furnace and steelmaking slags and with the most important ways of their utilization. The method of recycling of steelmaking slags, that follow...

Rocks deep below the surface store heat and for every 100 m in depth the temperature increases by approximately 3oC. When the mines were closed, the mine galleries flooded. The heat of the rocks warms water, which is used as input to heat pumps for heating and cooling of buildings. The Remining-Lowex Project aims to demonstrate the use of water in abandoned coalmines as a source of renewable energy and to prove its economic viability. This new approach for utilization of sustainable energy from worked out coalmine...

The process of rock massif separation with the method of rotary drilling is a dominant process in geotechnology and in subterranean raw material mining. The type of drilling tool used and the mode of drilling with given properties of the rock are crucial in the determination of energy efficiency of this process. The research is directed toward classification of rocks into classes (pattern classification) according to geomechanical properties and the determination of efficient mode of drilling for individual define...

This report are containing results of the analyses about quality estimation of water at the 35 hydrological and hydro-geological nature monuments of the republic of Tatarstan, which was been investigated analytical methods. This is objects of hydrosphere, are having more ecology-pure water in comparison with other analogs in that region which is known as region having intensively developed structure of an oil-extracting complex. In this region are difficulty to execute the long-term forecast of dynamics of change ...

The most of the mineral raw materials mined out in the Slovak Republic need specific modifications, which are enabling for the next exploitations of raw materials in the other industries. This article provides description of the quartz sand, that are able to use as foundry or glass sand after proper modification. Of course, the sand is needed modify by the proper method, which could allow their use in melting, glass and in the other industry. In this article is provided short report of the most often exploited mod...

Heavy metal contamination of soils possess a serious health threat and has become one of the major constraining factors in remediating a wide range of contaminated sites. Soil contains various components such as clay, kaolin, feldspar, quartz, etc. Soil composition (type of soil), soil pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), particle size, time and type of contamination, geological layout, etc. all play a major role in establishing the effectivenes of biosurfactant. In this study, the effects of saponin concentration,...

With the 100 M tons of coal produced per year Poland is the biggest European producer of hard coal. Around 85\% of the produced coal is used for direct energy production, almost whole rest is used for indirect energy production (though processes of coal coking). The side effect of coal production is large quantity of waste. Majority of them is recycled during production process but still large fraction is usually dumped. The large quantities of valuable materials are stored in mining dumps. In recent years reclama...

The contemporary construction on the territory of Sofia requires more and more responsible execution of the geological researches. The drilling of deep construction pits, as well as the construction of high-rise buildings (with more than 100 m height), are connected with serious problems, especially in the anti earthquake security insurance. One of the important questions which were raised in the construction of Metrostation 7 in the Sofia’s centre, as well as in the designing of Europa Center, having 180 m offi...

The increasing number of recent researches indicates that emotional intelligence is more important than IQ in many fields. In literature, many quantitative findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between academic achievement and emotional intelligence skills. In other words, analysis indicates that emotional intelligence skills can serve as a indicator of academic achievement and effective learning. The main focus of this research is to discuss the relationship between emotional intelligence ski...

The opportunities for integration of synchrotron radiation (SR) techniques in the Earth and Environmental sciences research together with Remote Access Services (RAS) and integrated Grid-based data processing tools are described. The successful implementation of the SR methods with Grid technology will provide new opportunities to the global science community. The possibility to perform precise measurements at different synchrotron beamlines through grid-embedded remote access instrumentation protocols based on hi...

The abandoned mining area Smoln\'\ik in Slovakia belongs to the old environmental loads because of acid mine drainage (AMD) production. Massive pyrite oxidation and free sulphuric acid production are the major reason of water acidification (pH about 2-4) and dissolving of heavy metals from metallic ores. This acid mine drainage (AMD) contents high metal concentrations that variable in dependence on rainfall intensity (e.g. Fe 500- 400 mg/l; Cu 3-1 mg/l; Zn 13-8 mg/l and Al 110-70 mg/l) and it can be transferred in...

In this study, removal zinc from aqueous solution was studied using smectite-bearing soil. The effects of initial Zn(II) concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time were investigated. When the initial concentration of Zn(II) was incresed from 0.7 to 3.77 mM, the Zn(II) removal efficiency decreased from 100\% to 90.7\%. To determine the effect of pH on the adsorption efficiency of Zn(II), pH was varied between 3.0 and 7.0. The sorption efficiency of Zn(II) onto soil seems to be independent of pH with in s...

The new 7-[2-hydroxi-3-(4-acethyl-amino)-phenoxy-propyl]-8-R-1,3-dimethyl-xanthine derivatives have been synthesized in order to increase the pharmacological properties of theophylline. A QSAR study on pharmacological properties of some new xanthine compounds have been realized to establish the most favorable structural modifications for increase the action selectivity on cardiovascular system. Favorable influence of the $\beta$-blocking sequence in 7 position of the xanthine ring has been established.

Rockfalls are natural process of cliff and hillside erosion, can be simulated by the computer programs. They consist of large rock fragments from a cliff, or boulders from a slope that bounce, roll, and slide down a hillside and come to rest in a “runout” zone at or near its base. Rockfalls are a major hazard in rock cuts for highways and railways, and in mountainous terrain. Rockfalls are generally initiated by some climatic or biological event that causes a change in the forces acting on a rock. These events...

The introduction of positive-displacement steerable motors in directional drilling practice offers better directional control in comparison with earlier used directional drilling systems and makes directional drilling widely accepted technology. But some disadvantages of the technology as drilling the curved parts of the wellbores in sliding mode and hole cleaning connected problems, demand further development of directional drilling systems. That results in rotary steerable systems development introduced in the p...

The results of investigations in physical – chemical, bacteriological and thermodynamic characteristics of drinking water of wells, taken from some village in some primary school of Vushtrri Municipality are presented. Taking into consideration all important parameters we found they were within given limits , just temperature that is higher than given limits, so analysis of water samples for thermo tolerant faecal coli forms which are carried out by passing a measured quantity of water through sterile filter tol...

This study has for purpose to highlight and eliminate one from problems that influence negativity for the present and future of our environment. Today the environment is a big problem no only in Albania, but everywhere in world. It is very important to save our environment, because one clean environment will say healthy people, secure future.

Acid Mine Drainage (AMD), resulted from the oxidation of sulphide-bearing rocks, is one of the most significant environmental challenges facing the mining industry worldwide. AMD impacts stream and river ecosystems by increasing acidity, depleting oxygen, and releasing heavy metals. They may occur during mining operations or long after a mine has been abandoned. Smoln\'\ik is an abandoned mine in the east of Slovakia that contribute AMD to rivers and streams. AMD from the Smoln\'\ik mine (shaft Pech), influences n...

The Dogantarla-Aksaray area is situated in western part of the CAVP. This province contains nine (9) different ignimbrite levels, for which a Late Miocene age is indicated by vertebrates as well as K/Ar ages of 11 to 2.8 Ma (Viereck-Goette et al 2006). However, most paleosol and calcrete occur within the interval of 7.6 to 2.8 Ma (Gurel and Kadir, 2006). Among this ignimbrite levels, fluvial and lacustrine sediments are found, so called Bayramhacili Formation of western CAVP consist of alternation of typical red c...

The basement of the investigated area consists of Upper Permian – Upper cretaceous aged the Bolkardagi Group and several formations situated in the Bolkardagi Unit, tectonostratigraphic units of the Taurus, viz., Paleocene – Lower Eocene aged the G\"uneydağı formation, and Upper Paleocene – Eocene aged the Halkapınar formation. The limestone of the Guneydagı formation is observed as a basement rock in the area, and is overlied with angular unconformity by Miocene aged the Beykoyu formation, which is made...

The paper aims to point out the utilization of needed geofactors in land-use planning, which represent important limiting conditions for future activities in interest areas, especially in terms of construction of future structures. Through the departments of land-use planning or building offices, a developer or investor should be informed about significant limiting natural factors, which may affect the implementation of the future constructional work as well as the choice of the building lot. Those conditions natu...

In this study, selective shear flocculation of celestite with Aero 845 as anionic surfactant from the mixtures of celestite and calcite was investigated using sodium silicate, sodium phosphate and sodium polyphosphate as inorganic dispersants. The effects of pH and dispersant concentration on the selective flocculation of celestite mineral were studied. Experiments carried out with sodium silicate at optimum conditions yielded a concentrate, which is flocculated material, assaying 82.5\% SrSO4 with a recovery 79\%...

Sb-mineralization had been exploited in many localities in Slovakia. Contamination of environment by Sb, As and other heavy metals is specific problem of Slovak mining regions. Natural background for groundwater in Slovakia was appointed to 1 $\mu$g/l for Sb and 5 $\mu$g/l. Two localities Poproc (in eastern part of Slovakia) and Dubrava (in The Low Tatras) are abandoned Mining areas where the stibnite ores had been exploited for many years. These areas represent high potential environmental risk because of transpo...

In this article I considered the design of a computer simulation model that approximates the exploration of a petroleum basin when exploration is conducted sequentially and according to geological hypothesis with costs and performance characteristics typical of an exploration firm. These features lead naturally to a model design in which a state of nature is created. The exploration firm initially has no knowledge of this state, only of hypothesis. In this model also, exploration decision are made according to pri...

The sintering and phase formation of glass press-powders, obtained after melting and re-melting of MSW bottom ash, were investigated by non-isothermal dilatometry and differential thermal analysis. Additionally, a series of composite materials, containing 20 vol \% corundum powders with different fraction size, were prepared and studied. The crystalline phases, formed at different temperatures, were evaluated by X-ray diffraction and the structure of glasses and final materials were observed by scanning electron m...

The work discuses three ceramic compositions containing no feldspars and based on 30, 50 and 70 wt \% Blast Furnace Slag (BFS), respectively, 30 \% kaolin and quartz sand. Initially, the processes of phase formation and densification were estimated using nonisothermal Differential Thermal Analysis and Dilatometry. After that, the degree of sintering at different temperatures and times was measured by linear shrinkage and water absorption. The phase composition and the structure of final materials were evaluated wi...

Interferometric analysis of Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) on the Advanced Land Observation Satellite (ALOS PALSAR) shows the spatial pattern of the deformation associated with the magnitude 6.8 Niigataken Chuetsu-oki Earthquake of 26th July, 2007. It reveals not only the large deformation near the source area of the earthquake, but also the local zonal uplift area with 1.5km-wide and 15km-long band along the anticline axis of active fold, on Nishiyama Hill at 15km east of the earthquake epicenter. We consider i...

This paper presents software implementation of the geo-database model of the Republic of Macedonia. Geo-database model is developed using the latest information technology, GIS, .NET and relational database. All phases of the software implementation are explained, starting from creating relational database TeРєton in SQL Server 2000, enabling geo-database TeРєton using SpatialWare 4.8 for entering spatial data, inserting vector maps into geo-database TeРєton to developing specialized applications (Desktop Tools an...

The utilisation of fly ash must be searched for because of its current production. One possibility of the use is at old mines liquidation, where the ash can be used as a consolidated filling material. The consolidated filling material consisting of conventional fly ashes consolidated by a hydraulic binding material is transported to a pit in a suitable slurry consistency which ensures the strength for definite pit sections up to 5 MPa. Common requirements on physico-mechanical qualities are the pressure strength m...

Clay sorbents from the North Bohemian Brown Coal Basin represent important but still somewhat neglected accessory raw material. Submitted paper is concerned with relation between mineral structure, sorptive efficiency and reclamation exploitation of these rocks. Characters and localities of main clay sorbents from the North Bohemian Brown Coal Basin are shortly evaluated in an introduction. In next part, methodology of mineralogy survey for these accessory raw materials is stated, it is based on diffract analyse w...

For opening of blocks No. 7 \& 8 of Golbini mine in Bauxite Jajarm region (Northern- Khorasan province, Iran) a tunnel is excavated with horse shoes shape with 800 m length. In this paper firstly, the tunnel section was modeled by FLAC2D software and secondly the stability analysis were studied. Then a composition of shotcrete and steel frame was offered. To reach an appropriate safety factor the shotcrete with 20 cm thickness which utilized with steel bars IPE-140, IPE-160 and IPE-180 established and amounts of s...

The southern edge of Eastern Pontids is covered by rock units belonging to two distinct continental crusts that reunited through a Late Upper Cretaceous-Eocene suture zone. In the north of the Suture zone (Olur), Paleozoic aged acid magmatits (Permo- Carboniferous) constitute the continental crust basement. On this basement, there is uninterrupted marine sediment which has disconformably developed between Upper- Lias Late Cretaceous. These sediments have deposited under the conditions of Lias- Lower Malm basic vol...

The construction boom along the Black Sea coast in Bulgaria made the contractors to seek sites near to precipices and landslide areas. Under these extreme geotechnical conditions, the construction has three basic aspects: 1/ Stability of slopes should be durably guaranteed; 2/ The connection between the leisure zone and the sea should be optimally designed, and 3/ The safety of people at the beach should be secured. A complex structural approach is necessary in order for the problems to be solved. It should includ...

The objective is the study of filtering tissue permeability and the characterization by means of permeability tests, of the process of coal particles retention in breath protection filters. The porosity of a filter, defined as the ratio between the void volume inside its fibres and the total volume, is a static parameter that provides point source information about the initial conditions of the filtering tissue. When excessive deposition of particles on the fibres happens, there is an increase of resistance to the...

Smectite and illite occurrences extended over an area of about 5 km2 in the Southern parts of Limnos, island, Northeast Aegean sea, Greece, were found and studied. The smectite as well as the illite occurrences are alteration products of volcanic rocks principally trachyandesites, dacites and dacitoids. The study of the thirty samples collected from five fault zones was carried out using XRPD, SEM, SEM-EDS, techniques and ICP bulk rock chemical analyses for major, trace and rare earth elements. The extended altera...

Environmental large-scale contamination in surrounding of abandoned Sb-deposits in Slovakia by toxic elements (Sb, As, Zn, Pb, Cu...) as result of long-time mining activity is still undiscovered field. Surroundings of abandoned antimony deposit Popro\vc bear high concentrations of toxic contaminants mainly of sulfide relative minerals. Pollution resulting from long-time mining activity was observed in area adjacent to adit Agnes showing Sb concentrations within values 4 700 – 10 000 mg.kg-1 and maximum As concen...

The Zbudza deposit is an important (major) deposit of halite within Slovakia but also Europe. It is possible establish that halite deposit Zbudza features attractive deposit about qualitative and quantitative aspect. It has important function on the part of selfsufficienty Slovak Republic in the production of salt and also in posse intersection to European trade. The economic effectiveness of financial investment is dependent from mining and process technology on the deposit. The investment efficiency is appreciat...

Limestone massif "Rgotina Rock" has, from a topographical point of view a remarkable, and from a mining point of view, a favourable position of occurrence. It extends in the form of a limestone reef, with the highest peak in its central part (top of Rgotina Rock). Mining has started in 1961. ”Kop 2”, in 1965. ”Kop 3” and in “Kop 5“ 1969. Mining, with changeable production volume and with occasional stopping of works, is in effect even today. Application of mineral raw material from this deposit, apart ...

Actual circumstances of the old storages are treated, created from the enrichment processes in the Trepca Flotation plant, Kishnica’s and Albanik (ex Leposavic) mines. According to the existing documentation there are dragged out more than 60m ton of rich minerals with Pb, Zn, Ag, Au, pyrite and other minerals from Trepca mines. This process was developed in the flotation plants of Stanterg, Kishnica and Albanik mines, achieved in a dispersive complex, as well as during the physical-chemical process. The separat...

We introduce an example of a detailed study of soil texture and geochemistry with the aim of designing appropriate soil washing systems. Concretely, we have studied soils affected by the mining works of “Los Rueldos” (Asturias, Spain). After an initial characterization, composite, representative samples were taken and ICP-MS analysis was carried out. Results showed very high concentrations of As, and significant presence of heavy metals such Hg, Pb and Zn specially in silt-clay fractions obtained after wet sie...