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The crack propagation researches carried out on rock and rock mass are important in mining, petroleum and natural gas engineering studies. It is assumed that crack propagation is an important design parameter in underground and open-pit mining applications. It has positive effects in some mining activities such as drilling, blasting, excavating, block caving but also negative effects due to cracks formed around mine roadways, tunnels and in landslides. In this research, the marble and travertine were selected as n...

This research presents aerosol measurements using the field study data from April2004 to December 2006 to evaluate the particulate air pollution in selected area in Mitrovica. This part of northern Kosova constitutes one of most important mining field in Europe. Consequently the industrial activities were mostly connected to the exploitation of the base metal ores of the Trep\cca district as well as the smelter of Zve\ccan and the Trep\cca battery factory. The town of Zve\ccan and Mitrovica have been exposed for m...

Evaluation of stability of slopes is an important part of open pit mines planning and design due to economic and safety considerations. Slope failure can cause disruption to mine operations, loss of lives and damage to equipments. The different kinds and origins of discontinuities play a dominant role in the failure of rocks and hence in mine slopes stabilities. In this paper, the effect of mechanical properties of discontinuities on these phenomena is investigated. Angouran lead-zinc open pit mine is situated app...

Sedimentation and corrosion potential are the major problems that exit in all industries particularly in water industry which cause decrease of public health, water quality depletion, facilities and piping equipment scales. Thus their control leads to promotion of water health and quality. The purpose of this research is determination of the potential in drinking water network in Behshahr city, north of Iran.We used major indexes such as Langelier Index, Ryzner Index and Corrosion index. Samples are taken from 9 a...

Most of the coastal zones in Europe are under the high level of anthropogenic pressure. Intensive use can lead to a devaluation of the natural capital of these zones and negatively affect the social and economic balance. These issues cannot be solved by the South-Eastern Baltic Region States separately (e.g. common natural and cultural heritage, transfers of pollutants and sediments, tourist flows, maritime safety) and requires international collaboration. One of the ways to ensure sustainable development of the c...

This paper presents the results of ground vibration analysis induced by blasting during the construction of the Istanbul Kadık\"oy-Kartal metro tunnel. Different rock formations in this tunnel route which is 21,6 km in length were encountered during the excavation with blasting. As a first stage, Test site is divided into 3 main regions with respect to lithology changes in the rock units and Hoek’s Geological Strength Index value of these rock units. In the first region representing S8 shaft tunnels, 59 events ...

An exploratory data analysis (EDA) technique is based on the box plot and robust-class selection. Calculation of the threshold of anomalous data is based on the determined classes. In contrast to classic statistical processing ( ), in these methods, normalization isn’t needed. This paper is devoted to presentation of EDA application on stream sediment survey data of 1:50000 Shirinkand sheet. 180 Samples were analyzed for 23 elements and because of high censored values of Cd and P, they are omitted from data proc...

The mineral projects have a number of characteristics that make them somewhat different from other types, including the usual long-lived nature of the operation, the pronounced cyclical nature of mineral prices and so on. These increases the risk of mining ventures compared to other types of investment opportunities. Thus this paper has been prepared to presenting the methodology and application of Monte Carlo simulation technique as used in the evaluation of mineral projects to analyze and measure risk. The objec...

A major producer of zinc on the Balkans is Bulgaria (about 100 000 tons per year). The two zinc plants in Plovdiv and Kardjali deliver a part of the necessary raw materials from Bulgaria and the Balkan countries – Turkey, Romania, Greece, Serbia and Macedonia. In this connection an analysis is made of the delivered sulfide zinc concentrates through statistical processing of data about their chemical content. For the aim of processing them according to the classic hydrometallurgical scheme studies are carried out...

In our paper, the investigations have focused on observations regarding the physiological and biochemical changes on the horse-chesnut’s (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) leaves during their ontogenetic cycle under the influence of the atmosphere pollutants (sulphur dioxide, chlorine, ammoniac, lime or cement powders). The foliar chlorosis and necrosis represent the clear manifestation of deep physiological modifications, as well as severe structural alterations, which affect the average content of water, dry matter, ...

The increasing use of paste backfill in underground mining makes it necessary to quantify the effect of tailings properties, such as physical and chemical properties, on the performance properties of cemented paste backfill (CPB). The mechanical performance of CPB placed in underground openings (i.e. mine stopes) is often different from the one predicted in laboratory studies even under similar curing conditions of temperature and humidity. This observation is presumably due to the specific consolidation and drain...

The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of rocks is an important parameter used in rock mechanics studies. The standard test procedures in order to determine UCS value has been developed by ISRM and ASTM. According to these standards, the tests should be carried out on core samples but they say that the tests should be also being carried out on cube samples. There are a lot of papers published about the size effect of intact core samples. According to the articles and standards, the length (l) - diameter (d) ratio...

The surface properties of natural Bentonite can be greatly modified by simple ion-exchange with cationic surfactant and this organo-bentonite is highly effective in removing organic compounds from water. In this study bentonite was treated with Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC). In sorption experiments, each batch test sample was prepared with 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 g Bentonite (B) and Modified Bentonite (MB) separately together with aqueous Phenol solution. Adsorption of 10 and 50 mgL-1 Phenol on to B and...

In the open-pit mining industry, trucks and shovels are the mining technology of choice; however, it is widely recognized that the operation of these trucks and shovels contributes significantly to the overall operation cost. Fortunately, there exist many opportunities to reduce the cost of the truck and shovel operation. Chador-malu iron ore mine has been exploited since 1997. This deposit is located in the North-East of Yazd province and reserve of this deposit is about 400 million tons. At present, there is a n...

Imam Khomeini petrochemical co. is one of the biggest oil producer centers across Iran. Aromatic unit is one of the eleven units of corporation. Hygienic and industrial wastewaters are flow in swage system of the unit. Industrial wastewater consist a considerable volume of swage and produced in 9 different section of aromatic unit. Wastewater of this unit evacuate to the seawater without forwarding through the suitable water treatment system. With purpose of qualitative and quantitative study of aromatic unit’s ...

Variability of stream sediment survey data have two principal component including syngenetic component relates to lithogenesis and lithogeochemical variation, and epigenetic component relates to mineralization which its determination is the target in geochemical exploration. In regional stream sediment surveys, effective lithologic units in syngenetic component are located in the upstream of related sample. Various methods are used for neutralization of syngenetic component in stream sediment geochemical surveys s...

In geochemical stream sediment surveys in Moghangegh Region in NW of Iran, sheet 1:50,000, 152 samples were collected and after analyze and processing of data, it is revealed that Yb, Sc, Ni, Li, Eu, Cd, Co, As contents in one sample is far higher than other samples. After detecting this sample as the outlier sample, affect of this sample was investigated in multivariate statistical data processing to investigate destructive effects of outlier sample existence in geochemical exploration. Pearson and spearman corre...

In recent years, all over the world and in Turkey, as a result of increasing population, industrial and urban development and rising life standarts, the fosil fuels have dramatically been used up and caused environmental pollution. Since it has been recognized that energy sources such as petroleum and coal are non-renewable energy sources and they are limited, researches have been concentrated on the biomass energy which is renewable and optained easily in all world. In this study, from the available statistical d...

This study presents preliminary results of our study on the kaolinisation of Tertiary magmatic units in the Biga Peninsula. Volcanic and intrusive rocks of Tertiary age crop out in the vicinity of the HarmancД±k and \"U\ccpД±nar villages of \cCanakkale country, Lapseki town. Volcanic rocks consist of andesites, basalts and rhyolites, whereas intrusive rocks consist of granitic plutons. The granitic intrusions cut the volcanic rocks. Kaolin deposits appears to have formed within the andesitic rocks. The kaoline dep...

The purpose of this study is the identification of the current state of sewerage network in the Prizren Municipality and calculation of the quantity and quality of wastewaters in the sewerage network prior to discharge in Lumbardhi river. This is done in order to enable location of various points for the installation of facilities which shall be used for wastewater treatment in this municipality. The definition of wastewaters, their quality, the percentage of citizens with access to sewerage network are some of th...

Maps are one of the most successful and most widely utilised forms of graphical communication. A map is a useful information presenting tool for almost all engineering branches. The presentation of this information is not only for engineering services but also for representation of numerous common subjects to various users. As maps are produced depent on the basis of topographic standarts, they can be produced as thematic maps, based on topographic maps, with different representation techniques. In presentation of...

The Black Sea SCENE Project central goal is to establish a Black Sea Scientific Network of leading research institutes, universities and NGO’s (25 partners) aimed to develop a virtual data and information infrastructure and stimulate scientific cooperation, exchange of knowledge and expertise, and strengthen the regional capacity, providing improved data \& information delivery services for the Black Sea region at European level. Involvement of policy/ decision makers, stakeholders and end-users is one of the st...

The earthquake jeopardy for our country is a reality that can not be ignored, since 98\% of Bulgarian territory is an earthquake-prone area. Among all natural disasters, earthquakes are the greatest contemporary menace - according to UN statistics. Hence, the existence of appropriate resources for effective earthquake protection is the relevant background for the sustainable economic development of any modern state. The continuous seismic monitoring of strong earthquakes, affecting the territory of Bulgaria is car...

Companies decide to implement an EMS for a variety of reasons, and choose the type of EMS that corresponds to their needs, aspirations, and capacities. In doing so, they need to think about the ways in which they wish to imbed their EMS within overall corporate strategies and how to link it with other management support tools that they have in place. If an EMS is not supported by appropriate corporate governance is unlikely to have an efficient impact. For example, the responsibility for corporate environmental po...

Air pollution is a growing environmental problem in the major cities of the world due to growing urbanization, motorization and industrialization, Kathmandu valley is not exception. In the valley (Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Bhaktrapur cities), quantity of Particulate Matter (PM10) is higher than WHO guideline (20 $\mu$g/m3 per year \&50 $\mu$g/m3 per 24 hour). This paper presents four years (2003-2006) monitoring and analysis of PM10 from 6 different stations of Kathmandu valley as well as tried to correlate among PM...

This case study presented herein describes and analyses the results of the detailed surveys of landslides caused by toe erosion in Avutmus district of Sebinkarahisar (Giresun-Turkey), based on field and laboratory measurements, monitoring and remote sensing data of the study area. Sebinkarahisar has been recognized as a landslide-prone area. Landslides in this area caused several hazards in the houses and farming areas. In view of landslide re-occurrence potential in this area and its close environ, understanding ...

This case study presented herein describes physically based susceptibility mapping in AvutmuЕџ-Sebinkarahisar (Giresun-Turkey) and its vicinity using the SINMAP model. Sebinkarahisar has been recognized as a landslide-prone area. Landslides in this area caused several hazards in the houses and farming areas. In view of landslide re-occurrence potential in this area and its close environ, understanding of the failure mechanism is highly crucial. In order to predict the future landslides in the area and its vicinity...

We report in this paper the preliminary results obtained during removal of pesticides from industrial wastewater by Fenton’s reagent. Fenton process is attractive alternative to conventional oxidation processes in effluent treatment of recalcitrant compounds. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of fenton process for the reduction of COD in wastewaters from pesticide industry. Several parameters were also studied: dose of Fe+2 and H2O2. The process of pesticide removal from industrial wastewater u...

A natural zeolite, Clinoptilolite was used to investigate its adsorption capacity for the lead (II) ions from artificial polluted tap water in this study. For the experimental studies, Clinoptilolite mineral which is 25-140 mesh size was used by activating with HCl, and lead ion removal efficiencies were examined. Experiments were studied under laboratory batch conditions were run at different pH values, temperatures. The highest removal efficiency was found as about 87\% at pH 5. Similarly, experiments were carri...

Nowadays, the requirement of implementing the activities in social life and environmental introducing purposes with city guides is arised especially parallel to the development of computer technologies. Content of a city guide should include necessary and adequate introduction information about the relevant region rather than its using for addressing. After the interests of social events and human activities about a region determined firstly, giving answers to these details with a city guide in computer environmen...

Vitrinite reflectance (\%Ro) analysis is the major method in definition of thermal maturity of sediments. The rock katagenetic alterations can also delineate the thermal history of well sections, structures, zones and sedimentary basins as shown in this case study for North Bulgaria. The well R-1 Dragana data modeling visualizes a local heat flow, temperature and vitrinite reflectance distribution in geological time. Additionally, the geohistory analyses define the exact period of oil and gas generation from persp...

The paper applies the transport costs calculation technique as a decision making support tool of municipal solid waste management and logistics in a case study of the city of KoС™ice, Slovakia.

Collection and analysis of well data is important process, allowing a reconstruction of the penetrated rocks. Numerous charts and diagrams illustrate all sorts of geological information. Some of them are demonstrated and generalized by well sections from south-western part of the Central North Bulgaria. Logs together with well core and cuttings are the bases for construction of a general Mesozoic lithostratigraphy column. Besides the major lithotypes the source rocks, reservoirs and seals are also outlined. Select...

The need of real publication and distribution of the data from the cadastral systems more emphasized dictate adequate engagement of methodology and algorithms for registration of constrictive components which helps discretization of space phenomena and events. Within the turbulent ideas the cadastral systems which are functionally based on 2D treatment of property units do not have ability to accept and fulfill complex constructive segments and their contacts whit the close surroundings. This is only a part of the...

Authors consider a damage in a building excavation, which took place in June 2005 at the environs of Sofia. The slope of the excavation is protected by anchors and protective net but after the heavy rains during the whole month of June 2005 it begins to degrade. An emergency additional strengthening is made and the degradation is stopped. The paper considers the reasons for the damage and outlines the results of the investigations and laboratory tests made afterwards. The specific characteristics of the soil that ...

Due to limitations in the spatial and temporal coverage of air quality measurements, monitoring data normally are not sufficient as the sole basis for demonstrating the adequacy of emission limits for existing sources. Also, the impacts of new sources that do not yet exist can only be determined through modeling. Dispersion models are used in all the basic applications such as the determination of the effect of a pollutant source on environment, calculation of ground level concentrations and regulatory control of ...

The present work aims at presenting the main research topics of GPhI in the field of numerical air pollution modeling. The basic dynamic and pollution transport models, applied for the purpose are briefly described. Some study results are demonstrated, concerning air pollution modeling in local and regional scales.

This study was aimed to determine the levels of blast-induced vibrations at BayД±rk\"oy town situated in the boundary of BeЕџikd\"uz\"u and being said to be affected by the blasting generated at Korkuthan Quarry being located at the edge of Akhisar Brook in BeЕџikd\"uz\"u in Trabzon. Korkuthan Quarry has assured riprap materials for filling the sea and sea fortification for the construction of Espiye-\cCarЕџД±baЕџД± coastal highway (including Giresun coastal highway) at the scope of The Black Sea Coastal Way Rehab...

The environmental problem of natural occurring radioactive materials (NORM) is omnipresent on Earth, and their radioactivity may become concentrated as a result of human activities. Various industries produce concentrated radioactivity in their by-products: Mining originating industries such as the coal industries, petroleum extraction and processing and natural gas, mining enrichment waste, phosphate, etc. They have been well known and widely investigated. The EPA describes NORM wastes from the mining and process...

The Correspondence Analysis Method (CAM) is actually a Non-structural method that could be used to define the anomaly from the background. To apply this method, representative samples of a large area are necessary but knowing the exact location of each sample is not necessary. Base on this method, the litho-geochemical data would be mathematically process to extract the valuable factors needed to plot a two by two diagram. This method has been applied on available data in Enjerd skarn deposit. Five factors have be...

The use of numerical systems to evaluate the appropriateness of a mining method for a particular ore deposit has been in use for some time. These systems rely on ranking a finite number of geometrical, geological, and geomechanical parameters to arrive at a rating value for different mining methods. Nowadays application of fuzzy logic has been paid attention for selection of mining exploitation method. The mining method selection (MMS) system takes account of the uncertainty associated with boundary conditions of ...

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) (predominantly GPS carrier phase-based positioning) are used today more and more in various areas of geodesy and surveying. In order to determine the position of a large number of points as quickly as possible, GPS RTK (Real Time Kinematic) surveying method is the most productive one because the coordinates are obtained in real time directly in the field and involve occupying points for a short period of time. Because point positions with high precision are immediately kn...

‘Mapex’ JSC is a major geo-informational company in Bulgaria. Its main activities are in the area of geodesy, structural planning and specialized software development, based on GPS technologies. The purpose of this summary is to briefly acquaint the participants in the “6 International Scientific Conference – Modern Management of Mine Producing, Geodesy and Environmental Protection - SGEM 2006” with th some of the major projects of Mapex JSC, implemented through GPS technologies, as well as with those pr...

It was successfully completed the first stage of the development of a multi-functional network of permanent GPS base stations in Bulgaria. The network receives and monitors the satellite signals from both the American network GPS and the Russian network GLONASS. The developed network allows the user to operate in real time as well as in post processing mode contributing significantly for the improvement of the measurement accuracy of the used GPS/GLONASS receiver. The system enjoys a widely spread application in f...

Geographic Information System (GIS) are gradually gaining greater importance in the course of modeling of processes and phenomena in the surrounding environment. The mining is also affected by those systems. They use not only powerful tools for modeling and visualization of real objects in the 3D, but also statistical analyses. Some of the features of ArcGIS [1] for 3D modeling, visualization and statistical analyses on quarry and mines are described in the article.

To carry out the geostatistical studies, a spherical model was fitted over an empirical variogram. Plotting the empirical variogram in different directions, and it showed that there are neither geometric nor regional anisotropy. For simulating via Sequential Gaussian Simulation (SGS) method, data were transferred to standard normal and then simulated 100 times (in this way 100 realizations were created). All of the realizations were honor to histogram and the variogram, so all realizations are valid. E\_Type and p...

The quantity and the content of the landfill gas, emitted/extracted from landfill for non-hazardous waste “Suhodol” have been studied. Modeling calculations have been executed and forecast data for the quantity of the emitted and utilized landfill gas for the period till 2040 have been done. Methods for the treatment of the landfill gas, as it consists of methane - a powerful greenhouse gas, have been presented. The applicability of the presented different methods for Landfill “Suhodol” has been assessed. ...

The system is intended for operatively planning and management of the quality of extracted ore in real time. The system includes following features: Creating and maintenance of data base which contains the numeral samplers of the detonated fields, the needed technical and technological indicators etc. Planning of the extracted activities for period, day, shift and part of a shift by different optimization measures. Distribution of the extraction between the coal-faces. Reverse connection with GPS information relat...

A significant range of the landscaped damaged by brown coal mining is one of the base problems of the region of the North Bohemian Brown Coal Basin. The proper application of fertilizable rocks to sterile and phyto-toxic sits is the condition of the success of reclamation works. Natural clayey sorbents are usually of very good use, but the North Bohemian Basin is quite poor with them. Bentonite deposits are significant exceptions. They are a part of tertiary vulcanodetritic strata of the subsoil of a coal seam. Th...

Many industrial processes and sewage treatment facilities produce odours, most of which are of decomposed sulphur compounds. Hydrogen sulphide (H2S), which is a very toxic and corrosive gas, may be the standard indicator among the obnoxious odours and therefore the amount released into the air is required to be regulated strictly. Hydrogen sulphide was efficiently removed from contaminated air by a pilot-scale bio-filter; a column prepared with soil, sawdust and activated sludge materials from the leather industry...