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The scope of benefits of land consolidation is wide пїЅ there can be indicated spatial, agricultural, socio-economic, landscape and environmental effects of the process. As a result of the process there can be noticed significant structural changes in rural areas. Land consolidation process enables to improve the inadequate spatial structure of farms, remove the adverse effects of land fragmentation and improve agricultural productivity. The assessment of the land fragmentation reduction requires reliable measurem...

The need to create ecological and energy efficient architecture is evident today. In the contemporary discourse on architecture more and more attention is dedicated to the aesthetics that expresses the idea of sustainability. The article is a voice in this debate, concentrating on the architecture that features daylight. Solar light comes from the natural environment and brings some substantial benefits for the architectural space, such as light, warmth and atmosphere, which should be reflected in the aesthetics o...

In this paper the approach to Information Educational Environment (IEE) creation is proposed. IEE is a complicated system that consists of a lot of hardware and software tools. Open architecture of the IEE provides integration of various electronic educational resources (virtual laboratories, virtual departments, electronic scientific-educational complexes). A variety of different hardware and software tools allow to create a variety of educational routes. In this paper we highlighted the main aspects about IEE cr...

The purpose of this study is to determine the volatile organic compounds, which are responsible for the flavor found in sour cherry distillates from various regions, in order to create a comparative study, i.e. to determine criteria used in their qualitative evaluation. In fruit distillates, a big number of volatile organic compounds has already been determined. The characteristics for differentiating the different kinds of distillates are based on the major differences of relative concentration of the compound cl...

A rise of a mean global sea level recorded during the 20th and 21st century is one of the most important indicators of climate change, which induces the thermal expansion of the oceans (steric effect) and ice melting. The mean rates of global sea level rise are estimated at around 3.1 mm a year. Those rates are routinely calculated from tide gauge measurements and satellite altimetry. However, regional rates that are driven by local geophysical processes can vary significantly. Thus, the impact of sea level change...

Membrane stability reflects the ability of cell tissues to hold electrolytes under drought condition by retaining the membrane structure of the leaf cell intact. This indicator has been extensively used as selection criterion for different abiotic stresses including drought and high temperature in wheat. A low frequency of injuries is associated with a high stability of cell membrane, which ensures a better tolerance to water stress. The objective of this research was to evaluate the performance and breeding poten...

The scope of this paper encompasses the comparison of photogrammetric measurement techniques with satellite RTK measurements. The aim of the research is to compare and combine the measurements taken by using three different techniques as well as to determine which of them is the most precise compared to the results of satellite RTK surveying. To convey the research, four measuring sets were used: a GPS receiver, a mobile laser scanner, UAV (unmanned aerial vehicles) as well as so-called пїЅphoto busпїЅ (a mobile m...

The paper discusses a comprehensive assessment of the ecological state of the basin of the transboundary Selenga River. This assessment was created on the basis of an analysis of the factors of direct and indirect effects on water bodies. The indicators used were grouped according to the types of anthropogenic influences - demographic, industrial and agricultural. The aggregate anthropogenic load was defined as the arithmetic average value of the points of demographic, industrial and agricultural loads. The result...

The magnetorheological (MR) fluids include ferromagnetic and paramagnetic particles suspensions with sizes included between 0.03 and 10 ?m, located in a carrier fluid (usually mineral oil). The complex fluid viscosity strong depends of magnetic field applied. Each particle can be considered a small magnet, which tends to align in the direction of the magnetic field. The magnetorheological fluids have the ability to change their viscosity when they are introduced into a magnetic field, due to the aligned particles ...

High Nature Value (HNV) farming has been developed since the early 1990s as a policy tool to describe those farming systems in Europe which have the greatest biodiversity value and which depend to a great extent upon the continuation of specific farming systems and practices across broad areas of the countryside. Three types of HNV farmland have been distinguished: Type 1 пїЅ farmland with a high proportion of semi-natural vegetation, Type 2 пїЅ farmland with a mosaic of low-intensity agriculture and natural and s...

Removal of potentially harmful As compounds by adsorption onto biosorbents is a cost-effective alternative to the conventional treatment methods. Peatlands can accumulate arsenic originating from both natural and anthropogenic sources [1-3]. Wetland soils and sediments are subject to frequent changes in redox conditions, driven by fluctuations in the water table and shifts in biological activity. Under oxic conditions, natural organic matter (NOM) promotes arsenic release from metal-(hydr)oxides, thereby enhancing...

Lake Usma is unique with hundred years' old nature reserve and Natura 2000 territories in one part of the lake and developing the tourism industry in other part of the lake. During last ninety years, the water level of Lake Usma increased for approximately one meter, which caused coast erosion, changed soil ground water level in large territories around it and it is regarded to be a major factor for lake ecosystem functioning. To find sustainable management solution of Lake Usma, there is a necessity to understand...

Until recently, the effect of various factors, which are due to the stressed state and physical weathering of a massif on the development of microfractures in igneous rocks in elastic-brittle state has been poorly studied. Therefore, the genesis of fractures of various sizes cannot be revealed and the strength of the massif cannot be reliably forecasted. The authors have assessed the conditions and formation pattern of microfractures in rapakivi granites from the Salmi massif, the Fennoscandian Shield, which displ...

The article analyses the air temperature characteristics of the winter season in north-western Poland (Fig. 1) between 1951 and 2015.The aim of this work is to analyses the changeability of thermal conditions in the winter, taking into consideration the speed of changes determined by a coefficient of linear trend, and to investigate the relations between North Atlantic Oscillation and the air temperature. In this study, the JonesпїЅ index, whose values were determined in 1825 and regularly published on National We...

There is a growing interest in the world in coal as critical raw materials. Coal also can be a carrier of many valuable components. An important geological and geochemical task is to find out the conditions for their accumulation in the coal. The complex of trace elements including group of rare earth elements (REEs) has been studied in the coal seams of the Volga-Ural region (Russia). The article is considered the main regularities and reasons of the concentration of trace elements in coal seams. In the Volga-Ura...

This work presents improvement of land subsidence monitoring obtained by combining results of Sentinel-1A and Sentinel-1B data processing. In presented work DInSAR (Differential Interferometry SAR) technique was used. Results of DInSAR technique provide information about values of vertical deformation of the surface. Using this technique the areas endangered by subsidence phenomenon can be identified and appropriate steps in order to save the infrastructure, buildings, roads, and also human life can be taken. The ...

Dynamic social development results in growing demands for sustainable human activities. Implementation of the sustainable development ideas should be also applied in designing and development of commercial sites. The sustainable construction industry should improve the quality of operations performed by users of such facilities. It should also influence the level of satisfaction of their users and generate benefits for them and for the local society within the area where such facilities have been located. The pape...

Microtexture is an important surface characteristic from the pavement skid resistance point of view. Its main role is to secure the basic friction level between tire and road surface by the contribution of the irregularities on the individual aggregate surface. Therefore the methods for its accurate evaluation are necessary. Two different methods for aggregate microtexture quantification and subsequent evaluation are presented in this paper. The first presented microscope method uses three dimensional image analys...

The analytical review was conducted of modern scientific-technical, regulatory, and methodological literature in the area of existing experience in assessing the sustainability of coastal systems and coastal infrastructure, as applied to marine spatial planning. The analysis showed that currently there is no uniform approach to the assessment of sustainability of coastal systems and coastal infrastructure, as well as various impacts on the environment. The existing global and regional concepts of assessment of coa...

The following article is devoted to ecological education in Russia. Moreover the following article describes ecological problems in education, culture and language. We try to underline the role of ecological culture and education in school and higher education. The relevance of this research is the increased interest in the process of environmental problems. 2017 year is the year of ecology in Russia, so all scientists; teachers and other specialists have not avoided this subject in their researches and developmen...

New innovative smart adaptive materials and optical measurement system can be implemented in civil engineering. Smart materials can be especially used in cased where fast and efficient way of reduced vibrations, weight and deflections is required. The essence of the solution is to introduce FBG sensors into the structure to make them act as its пїЅnervous systemпїЅ. The system may be implemented in existing civil engineering structures made of steel, concrete, reinforced concrete, as well as in shells and new stru...

In the Czech Republic, the production of energy using fossil fuels - particularly coal - is still a major proportion of total production. The energy sector is and will remain one of the most important areas of the Czech economy, ensuring supply of electricity and heat to the population and industrial enterprises. In the power and heating plants is burned primarily domestic brown coal mined in opencast mines in the north-western part of the Czech Republic, namely, Usti Region. For combustion of biomass in the Czech...

The minerals exploitation by explosives in quarries presume a high energy development for the applied blasting techniques with a proper design parameters establishment according in the field conditions where the blasting will carried out. For an optional rock blasting in field to obtain a certain granulation together with the maintaining the risk levels of blasting (seismic waves, fly-rocks, shock waves pressure) in a non - hazardous field, must to be applied sequential detachment of rocks from the massive with th...

This study presents an analysis over the action of carboxyl esterase, enzyme used on dough for pasta and noodles. By using carboxyl esterase polar lipids are formed, acting as emulsifiers and interacting with the gluten as well free unsaturated fatty acids are released, which can be converted by lipoxygenase (contained in flour naturally) resulting in the formation of hydroperoxides, which can act as oxidants and lead to protein strengthening and bleaching (oxidation of pigments). Enyzmatic improvement of pasta an...

All the elements in the periodic table from polonium to uranium belong to the group of radioactive elements. Additionally, potassium isotopes (40 K) should also be included to the mentioned group. A number of studies have shown that coal has a moderate ability to concentrate radioactive elements, but this problem becomes more important in the case of coal ash, where the accumulation of these elements takes place. This is associated with the low volatility of uranium and thorium, of which only a small amount is rel...

Gasification is one of the methods of utilization of lignite. Studies on clean coal technologies are carried out on a wide scale in Poland and worldwide. One of the projects was "The Development of Coal Gasification Technology for High Production of Fuels and EnergyпїЅ carried out under the framework of the National Centre for Research and Development. The project was based on the gasification of lignite from the Be?chatпїЅw deposit. For syngas production, a circulating fluidized bed reactor and CO2 as the gasifyi...

This article shows the results obtained by applying a study method of the convergence of structural models, for the particular case of a structural model from the geotechnical domain. For this purpose, is used the study method of the structural models convergence, already widely used in the field of research and CAD - CAE design. For a larger relevance and utility is presented the convergence study of a structural model for a ground section to which it applies a uniform load. The problem of ground compaction is so...

The performances of the excavation machines depend largely on the tool and overall machine characteristics and on the other hand on physical mechanical characteristics of the excavated rock. There were more theories based on analytical deductions to explain the main cutting parameters on the basis of basic physical mechanical properties of the excavated rock. In this paper we use a new methodology, based on reliable laboratory data, which make possible to obtain correlation and regression formulas in order to pred...

This paperwork aims to present the correlation between the Modulus of Deformation, E as a physical parameter and the internal friction angle of the soil, ? as a resisting parameter of soils. Assigning the resisting parameters to soils shall be reliable and when there is a suspicion in their values derived out of a test, than they shall be compared with other tests used to determine the shear resistance. To give the correlation between the Modulus of Deformation, E and the internal friction angle, ? the results obt...

The loss of an organ or part of an organism generates, in addition to loss of function, social and psychological disorders. The modern bio-technologies try to diminish their effects on affected humans. The advancement of modern medicine that uses biomaterials to solve issues related to tissues and organs reconstruction has increased the human life expectancy, rapidly. The most important factors that limit the lifetime of implants are certain corrosion and wear products, which can have negative effects on the human...

Discussed are analyses and studies of an innovative method for managing active mining impact on future urban areas. Taking into consideration legal, methodological, engineering, economic, environmental, and social aspects, the solution represents an interdisciplinary attempt to address active mining damage problems. The examination follows a number of theoretical and practical analyses in addition to standard, numerical, and statistical calculations, as well as econometric models based on case studies and EU guide...

The country-specific emission factors (CS EFs) for CO2 and CH4 were derived for oil and natural gas production, processing and transport within the improvement of greenhouse gas inventory quality. To derive them, the chemical parameters of natural and associated petrol gases were also developed. The CS EFs adequately address the features of oil and gas sector of the Russian Federation. The use of CS EFs resulted in decrease of the estimated equivalent greenhouse gas fugitive emissions by 20.1 per cent for natural ...

The Danube, the second largest river in Europe, after its flow through many cities and countries, meets the Black Sea creating a meeting point which benefited the creation of the Danube Delta known as one of the greatest wetlands of the planet. The stretches of water and land of this delta offer good living conditions for many species of plants and animals. GIS technology is an important tool in the analysis of geographic areas. The purpose of this study was to create maps using a set of GIS technologies that pres...

The drilling and investigation of the Kola superdeep borehole SG-3 for the first time provided direct data on the structure and composition of the ancient continental crust at previously inaccessible depths. Rock density and their anisotropy in elastic properties were used as the main parameters for the formalized description of the borehole SG-3 section and the reference profile on the day surface. The first parameter reflects the rocks' lithology, the second accounts for the intensity of synmetamorphic tectonic ...

The article is a review of numerous studies devoted to the problem of identifying the main sources of pollution of the Ilek River and the underground water of its valley. The main sources of pollution are: the old sludge collector; new sludge collector; industrial site, soils polluted by the Alga Chemical Factory and dust from the dried surface of the sludge accumulators and the slag pipelines emergency leakage. It is established that in the sludge accumulators area the river drains heavily underground water conta...

The article aims at analysing the content of heavy metals in the soils of two rural administrative units of the municipality of Trzebinia namely Psary and P?oki which are located in the Silesian-KrakпїЅw Upland, in the western part of the Malopolska province, in Poland. The analysis of soil material was based on the determination of granulometric composition of the soil with the use of the Casagrande method modified by PrпїЅszy?ski (according to the industry standard BN-78/9180-11)[1], soil reaction in 1M KCl and ...

The requirements for maritime application are very strict because of the effects of seawater on the materials. All the devices operating in seawater should be waterproof because of corrosion and electricity dangerous. This problem is more important for electric motors and other equipment with rotating parts where there is a necessity to seal the output shaft and other connecting features in order to isolate the motor from penetrating of seawater. Differential pressure between seawater and air in the motor causes a...

In the paper the results of the study of the crack resistance of circular shaped fiber reinforced concrete tunnel linings are presented. On the basis of laboratory testing of linings and numerical simulation of their behavior (FEM) is shown that the deformation of fiber concrete can be considered as the deformation of solid, elastic, homogeneous medium. In addition, the analysis of stressпїЅstrain state of these linings shows that their failure is caused by stable propagation of the single crack, which usually for...

The main problem in applying existing geomechanical software suits is the fact that the process of developing the starting geological and structural model of a deposit is extremely complex, which is due to lack of automation in collecting separate data on initial geological and geomechanical conditions. The purpose of this research is to develop a software suite for detecting zones potentially prone to rock bursts. The research methodology includes analyzing causes of mine destruction and identifying the most infl...

Foam flooding is a promising enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method for water-flooded reservoir due to its good mobility control capability. When foam is injected into oil reservoirs, it will contact with oil, and oil will affect the performance of foam. Therefore, the effect of oil on the properties of foam has always been a key research topic for foaming flooding, but it is also a very controversial subject. Many researchers reported that the presence of oil is detrimental for foam stability, but some others believe...

On the basis of data on the temporal dynamics of cross-border flow of the Ural River and the dynamics of the climate in the region during the twentieth century, as well as information about changes in land use and economic activity of surface runoff estimated sensitivity to climate change. Changing of a climatic temperature within 0.50? and rainfall of 10 mm results in a change of water flow rate of 110 mпїЅ / s flow and 20 mпїЅ / s accordingly. Clearly, therefore, the is a high sensitivity of runoff from even wea...

The research conducted at farms in mountain areas have shown that the average age at first calving is 849.15 days (28 months and 5 days). The variability of this index is extremely large with the minimum of 570 days (19 months) and a maximum of 1350 days (45 months). It follows that the average age at first breeding would be 18 months and 10 days. At first glance this figure fits perfectly within the limits recommended by the literature, but the reality is different. Because of the desire to have the calving group...

Over a period of two years (2015, 2016), in a field experience organized on a Chernozems in south-eastern part of Romania, it was investigated the effect of soil fertilization with compost made from three organic waste (farmyard manure, sewage sludge, and marine algae), in different variants resulting from the mixtures of the three components in different proportions, 50% each and 25% the other two, applied to soil in doses of 25, 50, 75 and 100 t/ha. It is important to note that these compost doses were been admi...

In the conditions of depletion of traditional energy resources, the development of hard-to-recover hydrocarbon resources is becoming increasingly important in the world economy. One of these potential sources of tight gas can be in carbonate-clay fractured reservoirs of the Cambrian deposits of Kazakhstan, located at the depth of about 6 km. The reservoir rocks consist of quartz, muscovite, albite, calcite, mixed layered clays, and chlorite. It is assumed that, the deposited particles from barite mud, which are us...

Near trunk road plantations in several regions of Russia's widespread coniferous trees, particularly pine (Pinus sylvestris L) and spruce (Picea pungens Engelm). Currently there is a trend of increasing plantations of pine (Pinus sylvestris L) near trunk road, this is due to the ecological and biological characteristics of pine (Pinus sylvestris L), particularly low demands on soil fertility, heat and cold resistance, good survival of seedlings. The creation of plantations of spruce (Picea pungens Engelm) in the a...

Monitoring the status of air quality is the set of activities leading to the discovery of the environment and monitoring the evolution of air pollution in time. Knowledge of the environment is not the primary objective of monitoring, but a means of predicting its further development and designing sustainability measures. A clear statement of the objectives of monitoring is a vital precondition for the correctness of the decision about monitoring pollutants, how and where they should be monitored and the accuracy a...

The chemical composition of rainfall over the territory of Northern Kazakhstan пїЅ the main agricultural region of the Republic is analyzed. On average for a year, precipitation belongs in neutral type, however for the vegetative period the relation of acid-forming anions to neutralized cautions in most cases is less than one, i.e. predisposition to acidification is observed. The amount of the sulfur, which is dropping out per unit area, is considerable. On the most part of the considered territory, it several tim...

This investigation reports the influence of industrial waste material namely slag on the performance on cement composites. Recall that slag is a landfill material resulting from the extraction process of steel making. The scrap material was physically treated by crushing followed by ball milling and screening. The slag was mixed with the Portland cement and compared with traditionally Portland cement composite. The mix was casted into the desired moulds and allowed to cure at room temperature for 48h followed by o...

The effect of a polycomposite compost consisting of three organic waste (farmyard manure, sewage sludge, and marine algae) on the nutrition and seed production of the sunflower cultivated in a field experience on a Chernozems in the southeastern part of Romania, was investigated for 2 years. Three types of compost were made from different mixtures of the three components added in proportions by 25% or 50% so that each compost was prevalent in one of them. Agro-chemical analyses of soil samples (pH and N-NO3, N-NH4...

A variety of failures occurs due to excessive seepage through the dam body during the design, construction and maintenance of earth dams. It happens because of various reasons: unsuitable dam location at construction site, unsuitable soil composition, interruption of construction technology, etc. Timely noticing of the reasons of seepage phenomena, monitoring and evaluation processes dangerous for structure, prediction of seepage path and the possible consequences for structure, protective measures against undesir...