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Between the living things there has been always an ongoing interaction. Humankind is polluting consciously or unconsciously while interacting within the environment which is surrounding him. Because of the rapidly changing (physical, chemical and biological) ecological events recently in our world, the boost of technological contamination, roughness in technological use, personal or societal insensitivity once have proved how significant the environmental education is. In order to adapt universal environment polic...

Water is the key Element in social and economic development of the country, which is becoming a scares resource due to over-increasing demands of the growing population, Agriculture, Hydropower and Industrial Users. Site selection of industries in the river side, usually affect on the monitoring program. Thus the monitoring of the rivers for the effective management and planning in the water section has become most predominant aspect and need to pay attention to the best program for industries location. Haraz is a...

The problem of recycling worn car tires is ecologically and economically important. Worn-off tires are a source of long-term environmental pollution. Tires subject to no biological decomposition, they are inflammable and being ignited 1 ton of tires releases in the atmosphere 270 kg of carbon black and 45 kg of toxic gases. At the same time, they contain valuable raw materials such as rubber resin and metal. The most optimum of all known tire-recycling methods is low-temperature pyrolysis that provides complete re...

The importance of a high literacy consciousness in the development of societies is a known fact. Scientific literacy is the fundamental criterion to catch the era in social, scientific and technological fields. Science, Technology and Society (STS) literacy level and the sensitivity of the natural environment protection is crucial in the economic and technologic development of countries. For this reason, the developed countries applied STS literacy to all layers of the societies. The developing countries have to p...

Imam Khomeini petrochemical co. is one of the biggest oil producer centers across Iran. Aromatic unit is one of the eleven units of corporation. Hygienic and industrial wastewaters are flow in swage system of the unit. Industrial wastewater consist a considerable volume of swage and produced in 9 different section of aromatic unit. Wastewater of this unit evacuate to the seawater without forwarding through the suitable water treatment system. With purpose of qualitative and quantitative study of aromatic unit’s wa...

Vitosha Mountain has specific geological and geomorphological evolution and its physical-geographical conditions are a good prerequisite for quite rich diversity of the soils. Vitosha`s high parts are a suitable place for studying the initial interaction between parent material (basic and intermediate magmatic rocks) and the high-mountain soils (Litosols and Rankers by FAO, 1990), under thе influence of specific local condition. This study was undertaken as a part of preliminary investigation of the geochemical an...

This paper describes removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions using NaOH modified pine barks (Pinus nigra). Chemical modification and its enhancement effect on adsorption capacity for heavy metal treatment process have been investigated in this article. Changes of the surface properties after modification were examined by the FT-IR analysis. Maximum adsorption capacity was 49 mg/g at pH 8 and during about 180 min contact time (for 35 mg/L initial concentration with 2.5 g/L solid-to-liquid ratio) These modific...

The fast pace of global warming is the reason why housing is not sufficiently adapted to climate change. It is mainly expressed as hurricanes, flash floods, high solar radiation. The inclination of Earth’s axis combined with the Earth’s core overheating brings about strong earthquakes and tzunami waves. In order to adapt residential buildings to the dynamics of disasters, their design criteria should be updated. The criteria are related to the spatial planning, construction, heating, drainage and ground strengthen...

This research presents aerosol measurements using the field study data from April2004 to December 2006 to evaluate the particulate air pollution in selected area in Mitrovica. This part of northern Kosova constitutes one of most important mining field in Europe. Consequently the industrial activities were mostly connected to the exploitation of the base metal ores of the Trep\cca district as well as the smelter of Zve\ccan and the Trep\cca battery factory. The town of Zve\ccan and Mitrovica have been exposed for m...

The photodegradation of Acid Yellow 23 a model compound from monoazo textile dyes was investigated using TiO2, SnO2 and TiO2+SnO2 suspension as photocatalysts at different gap sizes. The results showed that the coupled particles were not much different from single TiO2 system at the gap size of 4.5 cm in a batch reactor. But the coupled system was more effective when the gap size was reduced to 2.5 cm. A complete decolorization occurs at the gap size of 1.1 cm after 20 min of irradiation while 90\% decolorization ...

The purpose of this study is the identification of the current state of sewerage network in the Prizren Municipality and calculation of the quantity and quality of wastewaters in the sewerage network prior to discharge in Lumbardhi river. This is done in order to enable location of various points for the installation of facilities which shall be used for wastewater treatment in this municipality. The definition of wastewaters, their quality, the percentage of citizens with access to sewerage network are some of th...

Magnetism of soils is determined by the amount of strongly magnetic minerals, which may have different origin – inherent from the parent rocks (lithogenic); “in situ” formed during pedogenesis (pedogenic) and anthropogenic – from atmospheric deposition of particulates emitted from various industrial productions, which together with heavy metals contain also magnetic fraction. Due to the latter contribution, magnetic susceptibility of strongly polluted topsoils is significantly higher than the signal of non pollute...

On the basis of the mathematical model of acoustic field behind the first line of buildings [1] is created program insurance for PC and operational system Windows®. The incoming information includes: coordinated of the angle and altitude of buildings, sources, power and frequency of sound, coordinates of the points for which the calculations are made for (figure 2). The program is composed from 7 basic modules. The connection between them is represented in figure 1. The results from the calculations are shown by s...

We report in this paper the preliminary results obtained during removal of pesticides from industrial wastewater by Fenton’s reagent. Fenton process is attractive alternative to conventional oxidation processes in effluent treatment of recalcitrant compounds. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of fenton process for the reduction of COD in wastewaters from pesticide industry. Several parameters were also studied: dose of Fe+2 and H2O2. The process of pesticide removal from industrial wastewater usi...

A natural zeolite, Clinoptilolite was used to investigate its adsorption capacity for the lead (II) ions from artificial polluted tap water in this study. For the experimental studies, Clinoptilolite mineral which is 25-140 mesh size was used by activating with HCl, and lead ion removal efficiencies were examined. Experiments were studied under laboratory batch conditions were run at different pH values, temperatures. The highest removal efficiency was found as about 87\% at pH 5. Similarly, experiments were carri...

The surface properties of natural Bentonite can be greatly modified by simple ion-exchange with cationic surfactant and this organo-bentonite is highly effective in removing organic compounds from water. In this study bentonite was treated with Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC). In sorption experiments, each batch test sample was prepared with 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 g Bentonite (B) and Modified Bentonite (MB) separately together with aqueous Phenol solution. Adsorption of 10 and 50 mgL-1 Phenol on to B and...

In recent years, all over the world and in Turkey, as a result of increasing population, industrial and urban development and rising life standarts, the fosil fuels have dramatically been used up and caused environmental pollution. Since it has been recognized that energy sources such as petroleum and coal are non-renewable energy sources and they are limited, researches have been concentrated on the biomass energy which is renewable and optained easily in all world. In this study, from the available statistical d...

Surface and groundwater resources are important assets for the economic and social welfare of the population of a given area; they are renewable and with proper management, they contribute substantially to sustained development. Unfortunately, the expansion of industrial and agricultural activities lead to increasing withdrawal of water from the aquifers, excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers and (frequently illicit) disposal of industrial waste. This results in rapid reduction in the quantity and quality of...

In the paper is discussed the possibilities of preventive methods of quality management in scope of environmental prevention and the waste liquidation and their application.

Anaerobic treatment system was used for determination of colour removal under batch conditions. Azo-dye (Reactive Black 5, RB 5) with glucose as a carbon source was used as a synthetic wastewater. The decolourization process follows first order kinetics with respect to RB 5 azo-dye concentration in batch conditions. Decolourization rate constant (k1) value for dye concentration of 150mgL-1 was 0.1751 h-1 in the batch experimental study performed with RB 5. Maximum Reactive Black 5 removal efficiency was obtained a...

Our investigations have focused on observations concerning the horse-chesnut’s (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) leaves in various phenophases, the state of the leaf surfaces and histo-anatomical changes of the leaves under the influence of the atmosphere pollutants (sulphur dioxide, chlorine, ammoniac, lime or cement powders). The histo-anatomical changes induced by the gaseous and solid atmosphere pollutants on the lamina have been observed in protecting tissues, assimilator tissues (the palisade and the spongy tissue...

Companies decide to implement an EMS for a variety of reasons, and choose the type of EMS that corresponds to their needs, aspirations, and capacities. In doing so, they need to think about the ways in which they wish to imbed their EMS within overall corporate strategies and how to link it with other management support tools that they have in place. If an EMS is not supported by appropriate corporate governance is unlikely to have an efficient impact. For example, the responsibility for corporate environmental po...

Coastal zones are exposed to many dynamic processes that usually cause changes on long and short time spans. Erosion, sediment transport, environmental pollution and coastal development are among the most severe processes impacting the coastal zones. Monitoring of shoreline change needs a long-term commitment and objective decisions on shoreline change are usually made based on shoreline and erosion monitoring data that are usually acquired cumulatively over a long period of time. The purpose of the present work i...

One of main concern of policy makers is pollution and hence the improvement of the environmental quality. The implementation of environment policies aims at improving life and product quality in order to replace those obtained by high polluting processes by less polluting ones. Countries having more strict environmental regulations are likely to suffer from a significant increase of their production costs. As a consequence these countries become less competitive on the international market and may lose their marke...

In this paper, firstly, general and explanatory information about ecology and the effects of environmental pollution, air pollution and air quality degeneration, water pollution and water quality degeneration, and soil pollution and soil quality degeneration are given. And, secondly, the impacts of environmental problems on the government development plans, city planning, enterprise planning and costs are discussed and the negative effects of the Kyoto Protocol on the development of Turkey and the cost advantage o...

Heavy metal pollution is very important problem in waste water pollution around industrial area. Cupper has been used in many industries with civilisation period and a lot of water sources were contaminated by dissolved component of cupper metal. It has incredible effect on the micro-organisms and also other living organisms in water environment. For this reason, copper content of industrial wastewater must be decreased to the limits given in the international regulations. There are many methods may be used for he...

Total hydroelectric potential of Slovak streams are used more than 70\%-, whereas the average of water energy of energy consumption is 20\%. This result was secured by 21 Great water power stations with a performance advanced than 10 MW. Currently hydroelectric potential of Slovak republic is used approx. 57,8\%-, the potential of Small water power plants approx. 11\% -. [6] The Small Water Power Plants (SWPP) are characteristic by their construction and operation without any negative effect to our environment as ...

Naturally occurring arsenic (As) in groundwater of sedimentary aquifer has emerged as a global problem, and issue of major environmental health concern. Most groundwater from the Terai Basin of Nepal is contaminated by excess arsenic. Such groundwater is widely used for drinking and irrigation purpose and makes easy means of direct entrance of arsenic into human body and food chain; and that affects human health adversely. This paper evaluates the state of arsenic contamination in the six Terai districts of Nepal ...

The feasibility to substitute feldspar raw materials in a porcelain stoneware body with waste Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) glass was investigated. Various compositions, containing different percentages of feldspars and CRT glass, were compared. The densification process was studied by non-isothermal dilatometry and the degree of sintering was evaluated by pycnometric techniques. The structure and phase composition of the final ceramics were studied by SEM and XRD, respectively. The technological parameters and the mecha...

As we have already approached the 21st Century, there is a growing need for management and utilization of natural resources for its optimal beneficial use with the concurrent technologies. The demands for the fresh water are increasing rapidly requiring holistic management of fresh water as a finite and vulnerable source.. Thus knowledge about water quality of the rivers for the effective management has become most interest aspect. Haraz is a basic river in northern Iran that flows northward from foot of Mount Dam...

Carbon disulfide is a well-known occupational hazard in viscose industry. With a view to improvement of the work conditions in the viscose industry was made an exposure assessment to carbon disulfide of different work groups in a plant for manufacturing viscose in Bulgaria. The study involved 76 workers from three different shops in the plant, exposed to different levels of carbon disulfide. The control group comprised 26 individuals from the same region without occupational exposure. The sampling strategy for thi...

The microalgae from a genus Pseudo-nitzschia are constantly presented in the plankton at the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. They are described as potential toxic and their monitoring is significant for the Black Sea’s ecosystem, fishing development and aquacultures. Aspects such as distribution density, biomass and bloom’s forming from this group of algae are explored in this article. Since 1996 to 2005, one great blooming of P.delicatissima is observed and the rest are below 5 000 x 103 cells/l. The frequencies and m...

The analysis of the practical applications of the findings of the preliminary tests for the effectiveness of the disinfection treatments with high-frequency cold plasma conducted on samples collected from patrimony items and reference materials of organic nature has shown that the microbiological investigations confirm the biocide action of the HF plasma in fighting bacteria (after 45 minutes in the samples of icon wood and natural silk, 60 minutes in the cotton samples, 90 minutes in the archaeological wood and l...

Prospecting and exploration activities for oil and gas in a number of cases are connected with some environmental impacts in the location of their implementation. Depending on the applied prospecting and exploration methods – geophysical or drilling methods or combination of both - the environmental impacts comprise mainly of: air emissions from the equipment engines, short-term damages to land and soil, contamination of surface and ground water, waste generation, cuttings in forests, etc. The implemented complex ...

In this study, natural radioactivity removal methods have been compared for present drinking water supplies (privately owned wells or small water works) which have radioactivity values higher than determined standards (WHO \& EPA standards). There are several methods known to remove radioactivity from water such as aeration to remove “Rn222”, adsorption by granular activated carbon (GAC) to remove “Uranium”, ion exchange methods (IX) to remove “Ra266 and Ra288”, reverse osmosis (RO) to remove “Gross alpha and Gros...

Sedimentation and corrosion potential are the major problems that exit in all industries particularly in water industry which cause decrease of public health, water quality depletion, facilities and piping equipment scales. Thus their control leads to promotion of water health and quality. The purpose of this research is determination of the potential in drinking water network in Behshahr city, north of Iran.We used major indexes such as Langelier Index, Ryzner Index and Corrosion index. Samples are taken from 9 a...

Recently, the noisy problem is increasing parallel to the improvement of the technology, which arises in the developed countries and makes the life difficult. It is recently one of crucial environmental problem that it is a sort of pollution, still least known and least struggled in our country. However, the investigations carried out on noise pollution have brought up that the matter is a problem of public health gaining importance increasingly. The aim of this study was noisy measurements, both to determine the ...

The earthquake jeopardy for our country is a reality that can not be ignored, since 98\% of Bulgarian territory is an earthquake-prone area. Among all natural disasters, earthquakes are the greatest contemporary menace - according to UN statistics. Hence, the existence of appropriate resources for effective earthquake protection is the relevant background for the sustainable economic development of any modern state. The continuous seismic monitoring of strong earthquakes, affecting the territory of Bulgaria is car...

Recently, the effect of noise pollution appeared due to noise increasing from highway transportation, especially, the great majorities of the people living in city centers. Identifying the noise levels have gained great importance in terms of planning of the cities, regions, industries and our being informed how degree the noisy pollution have influenced our daily life. Development plans performed in our country have been carried out without taking into consideration the factor of noise pollution. One of the bigge...

The fast pace of global warming is the reason why geotechnical structures are not sufficiently adapted to climate change. The storm winds, flash floods and sea level rise accelerate the landslide and erosion processes. This is the reason why the protective structures will be mostly of two kinds – landslide protection and coast-protection structures. In order for the geotechnical structures to better adapt to the dynamics of landslide and erosion processes, the criteria for their design should be updated. Criteria ...

Main research directions worldwide concern the distinguishing of the adaptative response of the individuals to environment modifications which occur under the influence of pollutants. These modifications are manifested at different levels: morphological, structural, ultrastructural and biochemical. This manifests not only by macroscopic deviations from the laws of symmetry, but by modifications in the stomata and hairs (tector and secretor) pattern. The vegetal material was collected during June and July 2006 from...

Metropolitan city of Konya has the important agricultural activity. For this reason, it has been named “food store of Anatolia” as far as agricultural production is concerned. Many towns around Konya have to draw waters, for irrigation, from lower quality sources including municipal wastewaters. With the application to land of large volumes of minimally pretreated wastewater, it is evident that considerable potential for adverse health effects exists. Microbiological pollution could occur from food crop contaminat...

The increasing use of paste backfill in underground mining makes it necessary to quantify the effect of tailings properties, such as physical and chemical properties, on the performance properties of cemented paste backfill (CPB). The mechanical performance of CPB placed in underground openings (i.e. mine stopes) is often different from the one predicted in laboratory studies even under similar curing conditions of temperature and humidity. This observation is presumably due to the specific consolidation and drain...

INTRODUCTION Within the scope of the recently started initiative SAFEMANMIN under 6th Framework Programme, a preliminary report about methods used for the characterization of mining wastes in several Eli countries (Austria, Italy, Greece, Poland, Norway, Spain, France, Germany, Bulgaria and Romania) has been complied. This study is based on the Reference Document on Best Available Techniques of Tailings and Waste-Rocks in Mining Activities, prepared by the IPPC Office in Seville (July 2004). It aims on establishin...

The paper applies the transport costs calculation technique as a decision making support tool of municipal solid waste management and logistics in a case study of the city of Koљice, Slovakia.

WATER-MAP is a 2-year project funded under the Community Initiative INTERREG III B ARCHIMED and implemented by nine partners from six countries (Greece, Italy, Malta, Cyprus, Turkey, and Palestinian Authority). The project looks at the topic of integrated groundwater resources management. The aim is to provide scientifically reliable information to the local authorities in order to develop optimal spatial development strategies. Within the framework of the project, vulnerability maps are generated in order to dete...

Shoreline change rate is the most critical feature of the coastal area because it reveals future harmful impacts driven by long-term climate changes and episodic events. Since the coastal zone is one of a nation’s greatest environmental and economic assets, the best methodology, as far as accuracy is concerned, estimating the rate of change of a shoreline is an open question. The accuracy both of the geoinformation used and the computed change rate is of crucial importance. The purpose of the present paper is to u...

In our paper, the investigations have focused on observations regarding the physiological and biochemical changes on the horse-chesnut’s (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) leaves during their ontogenetic cycle under the influence of the atmosphere pollutants (sulphur dioxide, chlorine, ammoniac, lime or cement powders). The foliar chlorosis and necrosis represent the clear manifestation of deep physiological modifications, as well as severe structural alterations, which affect the average content of water, dry matter, an...

The present work discusses the synthesize of sintered granite–like glass-ceramics obtained by vitrification of hazardous industrial wastes. The chemical resistance of parent wastes and glasses were classified by the toxic characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP), whereas the crystallization behaviour was evaluated by DTA and XRD. The thermal and mechanical properties of final glass-ceramics were also measured and discussed. The obtained glass-ceramics have attractive appearance, elevate chemical durability and me...

This report describes the morphogenesis of the cyathium in two subspecies of Euphorbia myrsinites L. occurring in the flora of Romania related to the vascular transition. Our histo-anatomical researches established the origin of the vascular system in the different parts of the cyathium (involucre, nectary glands, monostaminate male flowers and female flower).