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Natural sources of water, especially fresh water resources, are of significant importance for the population of each country. One of the major problems of the research of water state is the determination of influence of anthropogenic impact factors on water quality. In the given work there is executed statistical processing of the existing base of longterm historical data of the River Kura (Mtkvari) water quality parameters (some physical-chemical parameters and the main ions) for the period of 1980–1989, and ther...

Kosova geology structurally is roughly divided into two equal-sized areas represented (in east from the Vardar Zone and in the west from the Drina-Ivanjica/Share-Korabi zone) of the one part and the other part in NNE-SSW direction between the Serbo- Macedonian province in Kosova and the geological Dinaric province of Albania. The fault zone of Mesozoic alteration which divides Dinaric and the Korabi of respective geotectonic units in two parts is called Shkoder-Peje lineament. Geotectonic units: Dinaric, Vardar Zo...

A horizon of carbonate minerals underlies the organic soils of the Thracian plane. This horizon has irregular thickness, density and mineral composition. In the world scientific literature, such horizons are usually described as pedogenic calcretes. The growth of the carbonate layer depends on many factors; among them are the global climate change, the acidity of the atmospheric precipitates and the agricultural practices. The carbonate layer is very significant to the biological productivity of the soil. It tends...

Currently, continuous gas lift has a significant contribution for the purpose of petroleum production from those wells that have low production rates or those that have ceased their production. Therefore, production engineers are constantly finding the ways for optimizing this type of system. Superior designs are achieved when important parameters are optimized prior to system implementation. Optimization of gas injection into the annulus and also the tubing size are of the most important parameters. The functiona...

Kosovo is rich in coal resources / reserves. There are about 14 billion tones coal resources in Kosova. The coal in Kosova is used mainly in power (electricity) generation and less amount for heating. Kosovo coal is lignite type. Exploitation of coal is being donning in two open pits Bardh and Mirash. There is also a project for building of the new power plant (capacity 2000 MW). For this, supply of coal should be made by the new mine - Sibovci. The underground mining was abandoned in 1922. Now it is the surface m...

After the entry to the European Union the energetic policy of the Slovak republic became an integral part of the European Union energetic policy as well as the element of the world market with the energetic resources. Slovak republic imports around 90 percent of its primary energetic resources that are at the same time poorly diversified because most of them are originated in the Russian Federation. In spite of the significant structural changes in the last two decades the Slovak economy still remains heavily depe...

The investigation of the fluvial relief of the north-east side of Kosovo shows a particular scientific and practice interest, so our purpose is to give a circumstantial and full view of morphology and morphogenesis of this part during the evolution phases of its development. In the complex relief of this part, a very important part is the fluvial one, too, so, if we see it by its enlargement, it is ranged immediately after the structural relief, which is regarded to the fact that the fluvial morphogenesis phenomen...

As it is well-known, Globalization makes mobility easy and possible. That is why a graduate has the opportunity to find not only a nationwide but also a worldwide occupation. In most countries in the world, the function of accreditation for educational institutions is conducted by a government ministry of education. The purpose of this study is presenting the goal of the accreditation. The goal of accreditation is to ensure that education provided by institutions of higher education meets acceptable levels of qual...

Novel or accelerated global changes call for local action. The question on how to adapt to global change led recently to the formulation of a number of national and regional adaptation strategies to climate change. Beside climate, however, also other aspects as land use, agricultural markets and social structures are affected by and in return influence the perpetual global change. The steady interaction between regional development and global change further complicates a holistic strategy formulation. In order to ...

One of the most important factors of industrialization and development is energy. Demand of energy significantly increases parallel to technology developing and world population increasing. The consumed amount of energy indicates the development level of countries in today. Oil and coal stocks are decreasing fastly, and lack of natural gas sources results in an increasing demand on renewable energy sources. The negative effects of the renewable energy sources are less than conventional energy sources on environmen...

The environmental problems arising from ground vibration has been faced and discussed frequently in various industries such as quarry, mining, civil works, shaft, tunneling, pipe line and dam construction etc. where the blasting operations are unavoidable. In bench blast design, not only the technical and economical aspects, such as block size, uniformity and cost, but also the elimination of environmental problems resulting from ground vibration and air blast should be taken into consideration. One of the fundame...

The map reading process is not a customary work. We pass through some steps while we get the necessary information from the map: Introduction to external components of the map; Sign vehicle recognition; Perception of the sign meaning; Superinterpretation. These four processes are discussed in the paper. It is shown their meaning for the swiftness and correctness of sign perceptions, cartographic signs construction; and creating of map legend.

The "Drmno" coal strip mine is one of the most important factors of the electro-power system of Serbia. The coal exploitation has taken place over 20 years (since 987), with the exploitation of 6·106 tons in 2007. The coal exploitation is complicated by the waterbearing character of the roof sediments, which is the consequence of the vicinity of the rivers Danube and Mlava. Groundwater protection is performed using the wells distributed in several lines (about 200 wells). Current solutions were formed either witho...

The estimation of important parameters at Choghart mine stockpile is accomplished by sampling specific parameters that allow detection of useful parts of the Low Grade stockpile. Huge amount of low grade broken rocks near the open pit can causes some environmental problem. Therefore, determination of dump parameters became important in this mine. In this research the estimation of Fe and P was fulfilled in low grade stockpile of Choghart. The Estimation of these two parameters (Fe \& P) can be used for mapping the...

The historical Ibrahim Aga Mansion purchased by the Chamber of Architects of Aksaray and wished to be used as the service building for the chamber. In this study, the strengthening project before the restoration of the building was prepared. The building had no foundations under the stone walls and suffered from cracks and decaying of the wooden floors. Since the existing structural system did not allow restoration of the building, strengthening and redesign of the structural system was the main priority. In the r...

Here we show how a lattice Boltzmann based approach accurately model acoustic wave propagation in strongly heterogeneous media. Rather than solving a partial-differential wave equation in a continuous medium, the lattice-Boltzmann based method directly simulates the physical processes of wave propagation: transportation, reflection and transmission. It can accurately handle sharp interfaces at any locations along lattice links, and total reflections from free surfaces or empty bubbles. I used empty and nonempty bu...

This study focuses on the geochemical and mineralogical compounds of clay occurrences that had been interbedded low rank coals in Biga Peninsula, Turkey. The usages of these clay formations were also studied. Clay occurrences were formed and alternated along with Tertiary lignite seams in the peninsula where is one of the basic metallic and industrial mineral potential regions in Turkey. Chemical and mineralogical analyses were performed on thirteen clay samples from different lignite beds. The XRD analyses show t...

The nature does not respect administrative boundaries. However, the protected areas are very often located on the state boundaries and in many cases neighbour just on the boundary. Also establishment of Natura 2000 Network as the "Habitats" and "Birds" Directives invoked the need for interoperable, accessible and harmonised datasets in the European Union. The need to have information on nature conservation geo-referenced and available at the EU level increases in recent years due to a trend by European park author...

The subject of the paper is a landslide process near Sofia, which endangers the international railway traffic to Greece. Sliding arises out of a lack of measures for drainage. The intensive landslide process should be overcome in three stages: 1/ prompt measures for the active slide prevention combined with earthfill abutment with a retaining wall; 2/ building of drainage structures, and 3/ reinforcement of the earth bed under the railroad. The approach for getting the landslide processes under control is demonstr...

In order to give an evaluation on the quality of air in Albania we refer to two socialeconomical periods, that before 1990 and that after 1990. In the period before 1990 are noticed some indicators which played a considerable role in the quality of air in Albanian environment. Some characteristics were: controlled demographic movements, industrial activities located in the suburbs, road transport with a limited number of vehicles, few constructions etc. economical social period after 1990 caused profound changes, ...

The authors present the update stage of Braila Plain water resouces. Within the surface waters, the Buzau, Siret, Calmatui rivers as well as the Danube are included, as they are water suppliers for Braila Plain, in the absence of other important water resources. The lakes are few in number, with a low volume of water and a high chemism. The smalldepth underground waters exist as a continuously ground water layer and the high-depth ones are found especially in the Fratesti layers, but these have a high mineralizati...

Lignite and other types of coal are formed as result of different chemical and biological transformations of ligneous and plant materials lacking oxygen. During the coal use for energy production , there are mineralogical remains in the form of ashes, which have different physical, chemical, mineralogical and morphological properties, which largely depend on the type of coal used, and technology in its combustion. This type of ashes is presented in thermal power plants in the form of dust or fly ash and inorganic ...

Konya Basin has wide area which 62.000 km2 and has important water potential. However water reserves decreasing in basin recent years. Groundwater levels are decreasing for global warming, scarcity of rains, unconscious usage, plant cover, uncontrolled illegal wells and conditions of basin coming near drought. Climatic data are changing because of global warming in Konya Basin. Average rain is 280,8 mm and this is very low. Drought period is living since 1998 in basin. Rain quantity of 2007 is less than average of...

Collapsible lands are generally found in arid and sub arid areas. These kinds of soils that are in metastable structure have high void ratio and low weight per unit volume. Loess soil that are wind deposits, residual soils, soils that are formed by volcanic ashes, alluvium soils, fine sand and silts, silt sand and loam are among the soils that have collapsing tendency. Collapsing that happened due to the increase on the water content of the base soil is generally seen in loosen silt layers that have low water cont...

Groundwater is an important source of drinking water for many human communities, both urban and rural, their quality directly determining the health state of the population. At European level a great importance is given to water, the Water Framework Directive 60/200/EC establishing clear objectives through which all European waters (including groundwaters) should achieve a “good status” until 2015 and through which water should be used in a sustainable way throughout Europe. In this context, sanitary protection of...

Peridotite massif of Goleshi is representative of the dippiest mantle section of Vardari oceanic lithosphere: The characteristics of deep mantle peridotite are: the total lack of pyroxenite dyke series, the total lack of the gabbroic dyke series, the lack of the chromites ore bodies, presence of rare and small dunite lenses. Ophiolitic peridotite of the Goleshi massif set tectonically over metamorphic Paleozoic-Triassic series and is transgresivelly overlaid by Pliocene formations. The striking of the foliation is...

There are many varieties of plant in the world. Plants are essential to the balance of nature and people’s lives. As a critical part of the ecosystem, plants provide oxygen for organisms to survive. They are able to reduce the problem of pollution, by using carbon-dioxide. Plants are also the basis of most food webs as producers of food for herbivores and ultimately carnivores. Plants also provide shelter for animals, clean and filter water and help prevent soil erosion. Historically, plants have provided a source...

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) with UV irradiation and titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a photocatalyst is a ’green’ process for the treatment and purification of water and wastewater. In this work, for further investigation of applicable AOPs for wastewater treatment, a novel tubular continuous-flow photoreactor was designed and constructed and then all experiments were carried out in this photoreactor. The photoreactor comprises six quartz tubes and a UV lamp, which was placed in the center of the quartz tubes. G...

Reservoir fracturing or fissuring is a natural phenomenon and a major factor in many Oil engineering studies. The factors that cause the Reservoir to fracture were analyzed in Tabnak Anticline, in Fars province of Iran using the borehole images information (EMI). A nonlinear simulation and assessment model of reservoir fracturing was established using the artificial neural network (ANN) technology to simulate the structure and function of the neural network (NN) of the human brain with engineering technology. The ...

The focus of the study is to investigate the some precious elements of the metallic occurrences which are related to sulphure mineralizations in Korudere Pb-Zn ore deposit in Biga Peninsula. The peninsula contains a very rich zone in terms of metallic ores and industrial minerals. The observations and studies of former researchers on the peninsula revealed that distribution of both ore bearing deposits and Tertiary volcanic / intrusive units exhibited great similarity. Barite accompanies the lead-zinc mineralizati...

The increasing number of recent researches indicates that emotional intelligence and social intelligence are more important than IQ in many fields. In literature, many quantitative findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between academic achievement and emotional intelligence skills. In other words, analysis indicates that emotional intelligence skills can serve as a indicator of academic achievement and effective learning. The main focus of this research is to discuss the relationship between e...

Boron is a micronutrient required for all plant nutrition. The main functions of boron relate to cell wall strength and development division, fruit and seed development, glucose transport and hormone. Boron (B) is required for all plant growth. Adequate B nutrition is critical for high yields and qulity of crops. Deficiencies of B result in many anatomical, biochemical, physiological changes in plants. The B requirement is much higher for reproductive growth than for vegetative growth in most plant species. Boron ...

The growth of tourism has prompted debate about environmental consequences and desirability of further development. The effects of mass tourism and increasing awareness of the human impact on the environment led more environmentally sensitive forms of tourism such as ecotourism and wildlife-based tourism. With this increasing awareness environmental concerns are explicitly included in sectoral policies and programmes concerning many areas including tourism, urban and rural development. One of the recent examples o...

In the Karacadag area (Central Anatolia, Turkiye), small volumes of mildly-alkaline lavas associated with large volumes of calcalkaline lavas crop out. 40Ar/39Ar age data indicate that the mildly-alkaline lavas were erupted during Early Miocene (ca. 18 Ma). The lavas are composed of alkali basalt, hawaiite, mugearite, benmoreite and trachydacite, and include olivine, ortho/clinopyroxene, amphibole, plagioclase, opaque and rare anorthoclase. The mildly-alkaline lavas have a sodic tendency (Na2O/K2O = 1.5-3.2) and r...

The composite in Al matrix are the alloys with some refining elements like Ti, B, Sr, etc. need to know all the techniques used for refining the structure. That is why we describe the three techniques including the rapid cooling of the melting, the mechanical, the electromagnetic or the ultrasonically stirring of the melting and the adding of the sells or the pre-alloys in the melting.

Career planning curriculum will support student in their vocational decision making and train them about lifelong career management skills. Employee can use their strengths more effectively and efficiently. They will be able to learn their career tendencies, skills, strengths-weaknesses, preferred working area, learning styles and occupations that are compatible with their personal features. It is well-known that making vocational choices presents the fundamentals of the Holland Code Career Model. Vocational Choic...

Details presents in the paper realize at collaboration the Ministry of Science and Technological Development on project No 17004 R. Serbia. Presented carakterisics clivage in aspect on massif rock research in drillholes B-1k, B-2k, B-3k, B-4k and B-5k. Evaliation of rock stability, in which will be place tunnel axis, took from prospecting Krivelj`s River. Iinvestigations are: structural characteristicsa of rock massif, degree of disintegration, alteration degreee, fracture degreee and physico-mechanical characteri...

Bubble-point pressure, gas solubility and viscosity of oils are of the most important parameters in use for petroleum and chemical engineers. In this study a simple-to-use; straight-forward mathematical model is correlated on a set of 94 crude oil data. The correlation is achieved based on an exponential regression. The results are compared with variety of conventional empirical correlations and have also been evaluated by comparison with 12 laboratory data other than those used for the regression. It has been con...

The town of Northwich in Cheshire, England has played host to the salt mining industry for 300 years and was the cradle of the modern heavy chemical industry with which it has been associated for approximately 200 years. Historically, the dumping of waste from these industries on adjacent land was unregulated leading to substantial accumulations of ‘legacy industrial solid waste’ (LISW) arising from many processes including brine evaporation and the Leblanc and Solvay processes for soda ash production. This projec...

The Bolboci hydrotechnical arrangement was achieved in 1988 on the upper course of Ialomita river, in the complicated geological and tectonic conditions of Bucegi massif from the Oriental Carpathians. This occupies the tectonic syncline of Bucegi which is situated between Cheile Tatarului and Cheile Zanoagei, at south, resulted from the background deformations of precadomian crystalline and the deposition blanket being made from the succession of Dogger, Malm and Albian. On the level of the litho-group of Malm-Dog...

The main issues of this proceed is to ascertainment danger working areas, which will shown the base for protection from hurts, illnesses of workers in they working area. This ascertainment has included each of working group and their duty, which are estimated by them elements shown by the article from 1 up to 5. Level of dangerous is rising from 1 grade up to 5. In this way can select working areas which inflict morbidity, traumatic etc in the worker health. Dangerous renewed areas are selected in 3, 4, 5 category.

Electrical resistivity measurements have been used in engineering for many purposes. In this study, blasting effects on the back of blasted holes at a quarry bench have been put under evaluation. Earth resistivity of bench rock, limestone, was measured before and after blasting by electrical resistivity equipment with the same electrode positions. The resultant resistivity graphs demonstrate the blasting performed in this study influence slightly the rock resistivity of the rock mass situated 4 m from the blasted ...

Water samples of 5 sites belonging to 3 streams of Douro River Basin (Portugal, NE) were analyzed regarding their hydrogeochemical and microbiological parameters. Two of the studied streams (Corgo and Pinhao) were strongly influenced by agricultural practices and construction pressures while the other stream (Olo) has low human impact. The study was conducted during 2.5 years, in winter and summer. Physicochemical characterization of water samples from Olo stream show very low mineralization (Electrical Conductivi...

In regard to indisputable carcinogenic effects of asbestos species the European Union prohibited (from January 2005) the usage all kinds of asbestos fibres in member states. This fact resulted in replacement of asbestos by artificial mineral and synthetic fibres. In this context large demolitions are realised, frequently unnecessary and a big volume of wastes and dangerous dust is created. These are mainly hazardous wastes that require an adequate disposal. The paper offers a view of the most frequently used metho...

Building of double bridges with doubling of railways in Bulgaria may generate conflicts at the points where they cross rivers. The conflict is arising usually by the approach of investors and designers to subordinate the river to the functions of the facility, without enough studies and preventive measures. The lack of solution of the conflict leads to more expenditures for correction, strengthening and maintaining of the river bed. The aim of the paper is to propose recommendations how bridges shall not create wa...

The paper presents a brief review of the results obtained recently in Geoelectromagnetic Research Centre IPE RAS on electromagnetic sounding of the geothermal areas. The case studies are shown illustrating application of the developed methods to 3-D imaging geothermal area, mapping the geothermal reservoir and monitoring the faults’ macroparameters. A special attention is paid to the temperature estimations using recently developed indirect electromagnetic geothermometer.

Kosovo has a varied geology that ranges in age from the Neo-Proterozoic to the Holocene. The geology is characterized by substantial structural features on a regional scale, including, normal faulting and thrusting. The area belongs to the External Vadar Zone (EVZ). The Volcanic complex Mitrovic\"e – Samadrexh\"e is dominated by Jurassic and Neogene volcanic rocks from several eruption centres, interlayered by metamorphic and sedimentary units. The survey area was determined in the adjacent area of the known Pb – ...

The opportunities for automation of the procedures for creating analytic photogrametric models, processing data from digital mapping and image processing are described. Examples for achieved results in the development of software for the specialized photogrammetric activities and for operating with the programme package are given.

The average pattern of weather, called climate, usually stays pretty much the same for centuries if it is left to itself. However, the earth is not being left alone. There is now very strong evidence that significant global warming can’t be explained by natural causes alone. Humans are changing the climate by their actions, especially through emissions of greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide, which artificially warm the atmosphere of the earth. Scientific studies showed that climate change is fact not a myth or s...

There are some limitations and constraints in application of algorithms developed to optimize open pit limits. Therefore, it is normal to develop new algorithms to decrease existing limitations and increase their capabilities. In this paper, the key group concept which mainly use for stability slope analysis is used to develop a new algorithm named “KG-PLO” to optimize open pit limits. The KG-PLO is implemented on an especial type of the economic block model of the mining area. The algorithm can present the true o...