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This paper presents the degree of noise pollution in Braila. Braila is a city located in southeastern Romania. For this purpose, sound level measurements were performed in various important locations in this city. The monitoring took place between November 2019 and June 2020. The measurements were performed using a professional digital acoustic sound level meter that can record sound values between 30dB-130dB. The sound level meter works with two frequency filters: -A- and -C-. -A- filter responds in the same way ...

As a consequence of climate change, in some regions, more intense rain showers go hand in hand with longer dry periods. The subsequent more and more severe droughts can have devastating effects on many economic and social sectors. Therefore, it is necessary to be able to predict and assess the consequences of these droughts on a local scale, in order to develop policies to cope. Drought assessment needs a lot of detailed and accurate input-data, such as land use, land cover, soil moisture, vegetation, evapotranspi...

In recent years, the geological service of Kazakhstan has been assigned the task of searching for sites where ores would meet modern industrial requirements. It has become a matter of re-evaluation of lead-zinc deposits and of identification among them of promising non-traditional commercially genetic types. One of these is the karst type, which has the following features: high lead and zinc content, compact ore deposits, effective ore enrichment, wide development in Kazakhstan of carbonate rocks with lead-zinc mi...

The paper presents issues regarding uncertainty involved in the test process to ignition of small components for intrinsically safe equipment. In the first part of the paper, the classification of explosion-protected equipment is presented. In power generation and also in other industrial areas, the incidence of flammable substances is a common factor. As a consequence of this, the risk of explosion may arise. On the other hand, installations located in areas endangered by the presence of flammable substances must...

In the present study deterministic earthquake scenarios for the city of Varna - the thirdlargest city in Bulgaria are presented. By deterministic scenario, it is mean a representation of the severity of ground shaking over an urban area, using one or more hazard descriptors. The assessment of seismic hazard and generation of earthquake scenarios is the first step of seismic risk evaluation and society prevention. Seismic history of Varna shows that the hazard for the city is mainly influence by the earthquakes occ...

Research will focus on investments for the development of the company. Transition to the circular economy is understood in many cases only as an unnecessary obstacle, not as the new business model. Production based on the linear model "take, make, dispose of" is not possible anymore based on decreased environmental quality. Increased production efficiency could help promote the company's prestige, gain tax allowances, create optimistic co-operation with the state, municipality, and maintain sustainability in terms...

Currently, one of the main tasks of every employer is to ensure a safe and healthy working environment for every employee. In a global case, it should not only be a legal act, but especially a moral act. The modern policy of each employer should therefore be set in such a way as to continuously improve the occupational safety of employees. This continuous improvement can be achieved in particular through continuous periodic inspections and audits carried out by independent occupational safety staff. This chapter d...

The threat of climate change and its negative consequences is currently a very serious and immediate problem. Undoubtedly, the most striking manifestation of climate change is global warming, both on land and in the oceans. Increasing the average air temperature adversely affects natural ecosystems, which find it very difficult to adapt to this change. Significant consequence of climate change is also the fundamental impact on water resources. In this work we focused on the influence of climatic conditions on the ...

Based on data from the last decade, institutions have faced an increasing number of applications for licenses and permits for raw materials, construction, industrial and metallic minerals. Receipt of applications and accompanying documents for licenses and permits is currently performed as a manual process and submitted by enterprises in hard copy format. Institutional officials consistently face with the difficulties in manually processing all data from applications and accompanying documents submitted, causing d...

A study was made of the influence of ZSM-5 zeolite on the composition and properties of the products of fast pyrolysis of flax shives in the temperature range of 350-750 -C. Zeolite ZSM-5 increased the heat of combustion of gaseous products, as well as the content of methane, ethylene, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide, which is probably associated with the processes of cracking of volatile products passing through a layer of a catalyst heated to high temperatures. The synthesis and study of zeolite catalysts ZSM-5 con...

Contemporary urban meadows as an alternative to amenity mown grass in public green spaces are the solution for biodiversity growth and human wellbeing. In the publication, we present the results of research monitoring the development of flower meadow growth in the urban environment. We focus on the analysis of visual and other properties of herbs, on the basis of which we evaluate the visual and other properties of the flower meadow stand. The result is an evaluation of the suitability of flower meadows in terms o...

The study of ultra-low frequency (ULF) waves and geomagnetic pulsations plays an important role in better understanding the mechanisms of their generation and spread in the magnetosphere and on the ground. The magnetospheric ULF waves, which provide useful information about the conditions in the solar wind and in the magnetosphere, can be detected on the ground by different types of magnetometers and recorded as geomagnetic pulsations - continuous and irregular. This paper aims to study the characteristics of Pc5 ...

The benefits of using biopolymers in the food industry have motivated the scientists to develop products with better characteristics than the regular ones. Biocompatibility with the human body, edibility and ease of use have paved the way for biopolymers such as agar, sodium alginate, carrageenan, chitosan, etc. for using it in the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries. In addition to their well-known characteristics, biopolymers have the ability to incorporate various natural substances, representing an almost...

Studies aimed at improving the efficiency of the field preparation of hydrogen sulfide and mercaptan-containing oil are especially relevant in connection with the tightening of regulatory requirements for quality and safety indicators of commercial oil. The Technical Regulation (TR) of the Eurasian Economic Union TR 045/2017 -On the safety of oil prepared for transportation and (or) use- establishes uniform requirements for the safety indicators of oil delivered through trunk pipelines, as well as used as a raw ma...

The main purpose of the research was to create a comprehensive methodology to assess, predict and prevent the consequences of the negative impact of water-reservoirs on the environment, provide the safety of population and infrastructure; to find a way allowing jointly realize the interests of hydropower and coast protection. To achieve this goal, the following methods were used: full-scale experiment, field-expedition surveys on operating reservoirs, informational analysis, mathematical methods of least squares, ...

Using remote sensing functional aspects of the landscape such as energy exchange between vegetation and the atmosphere, surface reflectance or vegetation heat flux can be monitored and evaluated in detail. Multispectral imagery is used to obtain information on the condition of the vegetation and plant growth, as it allows us to obtain information on possible nutrient deficiencies, pest damage or other manifestations of abiotic stress on the plants. Each surface reflects and emits radiation at different wavelengths...

Although originally developed for military purposes, Global Navigation Satellite Systems have become indispensable for an ever-growing range of civil and scientific applications such as cartography, cadastral and land information systems, transport systems, precision agriculture, self-driving vehicles, rescue missions, etc. The accuracy of positioning by means of GNSS, however, is affected by atmospheric distortions of the GNSS signals as well as by the characteristics of the receiver (e.g. number of channels, fir...

Three photovoltaic (PV) systems with the identical solar panels, the same charge controllers, and similar loads, but with different used battery types: AGM deep-cycle, LiFePO4 and lead-carbon were installed in Riga, Latvia for a long-term monitoring and analysis of the operation efficiency and potential energy losses in batteries under real operation conditions. Results of one full year of monitoring are analysed in this paper resulting quantitative indicators during different seasons. During the wintertime with l...

In 2004, a digital terrain model (DTM) was created in Serbia. It was obtained by vectorizing isohypses on topographic maps with a scale of 1: 25000. The resolution of the digital model of Serbia is 30 m, and the vertical accuracy, as the authors claim, is 10 m. From December 2021, the global model FABDEM (Forest And Buildings removed Copernicus DEM) is available to the public. It was created based on the data of the Copernicus GLO30 model so that data on forests and buildings were removed from it. Important featur...

Drought indicator systems help decision-makers to understand how and where the drought occurred and to take measures from the Drought Management Plans. The main goal in the Water Framework Directive (WFD) is the achievement -good ecological status-, but the Article 4.6 allows temporary deterioration of the status, occurred as a result of so called -prolonged drought-. Reduction of natural water resources such as rivers, lakes, aquifers, is associated with the reduction in available water resources for water supply...

During development, flows are formed within the route and gradient conditions by trough-forming processes. Sensitive changes of the landscape and interventions in the water flows caused mainly in the last century in Czechia and the pressure of agricultural management are the cause of major changes in flows and more frequent occurrences of hydrological extremes. These phenomena cause problems in the form of migration permeability, higher pollution concentrations or higher water temperatures. The aim of the paper wa...

ADI (Austempered Ductile Iron) - a bainitic ductile iron in which the resulting structure is obtained by the isothermal decay of austenite in the bainite region is currently a very promising material, which has a very wide application in various industries. It is characterized by a particularly favorable combination of strength and ductility, which exceeds the properties of heat-treated steels in the strength range of 800 - 1500 MPa. Its production is problematic because the ferritic or ferritic-pearlitic SGI (sph...

Whether it is climate fluctuations or lasting one-way changes, it is clear that the climate today is not the same as it was a few decades ago. The question is no longer whether the change of climate exists, but in what way and to what extent it affects nature, man and his activity, how to mitigate it, and how to adapt to it. For this purpose, however, it is necessary to accurately determine the magnitude and direction of change of individual climatic elements and phenomena, given their diverse manifestations at th...

The carrying out of human activities of an industrial nature involves the use, handling or accidental presence of substances of a toxic nature such as carbon oxide. The presence of this gas in closed or semi-closed spaces can seriously affect the human body and when concentrations are high it can lead to death. Knowing how carbon oxide affects the human body and how it disperses into the air is very important for establishing preventive measures. Also, in order to establish the escape routes and the refuge areas, ...

The purpose of the paper is to clarify the formation mechanism of the devastating flood in the town of Svilengrad, in the Republic of Bulgaria, in June 2012. The systemic approach is used to analyze flood formation mechanisms and improve under-standing of the complex interactions between the factors determining the formation and manifestation of floods. The spatial analysis method takes a central place in the examination of the flood formation mechanisms, using GIS as a tool for analysis. Hydraulic model for the 9...

As the population of metropolitan areas grows, so does the need for private and public outdoor space. In turn, in some EEA (European Economic Area) countries, urban populations are declining, reducing outdoor requirements, and increasing the potential for biodiversity or land degradation. The understanding of private property and its value is constantly evolving and improving. Private property and public outdoor space can mean both concepts or be considered separately. The aim of research on the economic value of ...

One of the most important properties of soils is soil texture. Soil texture is defined as a collection of soil particles of different sizes - i.e. grain size. Particle analysis is a laboratory process that causes material dislocation into individual particles. The methods for the actual soil grain size analyses are based on the standard. This is the sieving test, the density test or the pipetting method. These methods are well known and widely used. The soil is then usually classified according to the triangular d...

Because the occupational risk expressed the possibility of ending up in a (possible) danger of injury and/or occupational illness, it can represent a criterion of qualitative appreciation of the accomplishment of a human action, indicating how it may produce undesirable effects, materialized by human and material damage. The risk associated with a human action is determined by a multitude of risk factors, both of internal nature (manifested by human error) and of an external nature (technical equipment and related...

The Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are one of the main tools through which changes in the urban environment can be tracked. They can be used to analyze processes not only as territorial phenomena, but also to derive spatio-temporal models and trends. Free and open access data was used for the present study - from Copernicus, OpenStreetMap and the Urban Development Plan of Sofia Municipality were used as sources. Data layers for the terrain, land cover, buildings, street network and others were analyzed toget...

The results of a comparative analysis of hunting management in Ukraine and the Czech Republic are presented. Innovative methods of hunting management: the newest in the European hunting practice are shown. The success of Czech hunters shows that despite significant social and economic changes in the country, thanks to the observance of traditions, timely improvement of the regulatory framework, training of specialists, care for hunters and the hunting fund it is possible to ensure a significant increase in the num...

Environmental pollution from production waste and disposal of household, electronic and other equipment is becoming more and more noticeable. This requires a rethinking of business processes in enterprises. Waste management is becoming a major problem of our society. Therefore, a targeted policy at the local and national levels is crucial. This requires a change in legislation in this area, as well as the development of specific measures to tackle the problems. To this end, however, we need indicators to determine...

Pollution of aquatic ecosystems with antibiotic-resistant genes originating from human medicine and veterinary is an urgent problem due to the potential threaten to public health. Antibiotic-resistant genes enter surface waters and wastewater through vertical and horizontal water runoff. At the same time, heavy metals and biogenic substances often presented in aqueous ecosystems often exacerbate the problem since the drive the horizontal transfer of antibiotic-resistance genes. To solve the problem of purification...

Magnetospheric pulsations and the mechanisms underlying their generation are topics under active studies. The Pc5 (f =1.7-6.7 mHz) geomagnetic continuous pulsations, recorded at mid latitudes (L =1.6) during December 2019, with a low level of geomagnetic activity, are analyzed and discussed in this paper. The data sets of the series on geomagnetic field variations recorded at Panagjuriste Geomagnetic Observatory in Bulgaria are analyzed. The spectral characteristics of the pulsations were determined by Continuous ...

The purpose of this article is to assess the quality of soil and water environmental factors in some protected areas in Romania both to establish geochemical threshold values and to highlight anthropogenic pressures where they have been identified. The activities carried out are defined spatially and temporally so that the results obtained include seasonal variations and other influencing factors that have a variability on a temporal and spatial scale. Each protected area introduced in the study was well documente...

In connection with elaboration of scientific project -Statistical study of forestry companies competitiveness- and on the basis of the accumulated national and foreign experience a system of indicators and sub-indicators for complex quantitative assessment of forestry companies competitiveness has been offered. The proposed indicators are: competitiveness of product being offered; labor productivity; financial results; enterprise growth; market adaptability; economic realization of property of forest resources; si...

This paper is in the context of studies on the variability of atmospheric factors that highlight the fluctuations associated with climate changes. The acquisition of data for the concentration of NO, NO2 and NOx was collected from the national air quality monitoring system which includes 158 monitoring stations. the monitored national area was divided into 8 study areas to facilitate the calculations. In this paper we present the significant results for the Southeast of Romania for a period of 5 years - between 20...

Residues of pesticides and HM, used in bees care or in crop fields, have negative effects on the health of bees and humans and of the antimicrobial properties of the honey. Investigation of HM and pesticides is vital, since the use of chemical solutions has -rise up- significantly. Our aim was to investigate whether the level of contaminants in honey (Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, As, using GC/ECD and GF-AAS) and pesticides: ?-HCH, ?-HCH, ? -HCH, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, DDE, DDD, and DDT, alpha -Endosulfan, carbofuran, pi...

Certain studies have determined specific conifers, which can be found in urban and industrial areas can be used to monitor the degree of air pollution being used for passive biomonitoring processes. The needles and bark of conifers taken from the industrial and urban areas of the Jiu Valley, mercury, chromium) and arsenic, after acid mineralization of the samples of pine bark (Pinus sp.), spruce (Picea Abies) and thuja (Thuja Occidentalis) and those taken from these conifers in the urban area and in the vicinity o...

Soil pollution by potentially toxic elements (As, Sb, Cu, Zn, Pb) near the mining areas has become a serious environmental problem. These risk elements can be released into the environment, causing a risk to human health. Stabilized pollution in various materials may constitute an additional risk in the long term. Organic acids play an important role in mobilizing contaminants. In the present work, various stabilizing agents (iron nanoparticles - nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI), amorphous manganese oxide (AMO), b...

At the Azgir nuclear test site in Western Kazakhstan 17 nuclear explosions were carried out at a depth of 165 to 1500 m, as well as ground explosions. Nine underground cavities with a total volume of about 1.2 million m3 with extremely high residual radioactivity were formed in the thickness of the rock salt layers. Five of the nine cavities are filled with groundwater and strontium, cesium and plutonium radionuclides are leaking into the environment, and radionuclides spread through food chains. A medical examina...

In the restoration of the historical and geographical conditions of today's Bulgarian lands, historical sources and documents of different origin, character and purpose come into use. The lack of sufficiently complete and accurate information about the development and dynamics of coastal archaeological landscapes in the narrative source material enhances the importance of medieval and renaissance maps of the Black Sea basin, which are an invaluable source of information. The combination of this information, togeth...

The creation of public spaces is currently quite conditioned by the impact of the idea of sustainable mobility and efforts to improve the environment in urban spaces. On the one hand, there are ideas and thoughts for improving public spaces, on the other hand, outdated legislation prevents these ideas from being sufficiently implemented. One of the most important elements for changing the division of transport work in urban conditions and thus improving the perception and appearance of public spaces is to increase...

This article deals with the design and implementation of an intelligent biometric system that allows the detection and classification of a person's face from static image data and creates a system for evaluating its reliability. In its introductory part, it theoretically describes applied biometrics and biometric systems for security identification and user verification, and also deals with the theory of the description of algorithms for human face detection and recognition. Subsequently, the authors use the MATLA...

Pedestrian roads in the Czech Republic are currently designed following the valid Czech technical standard CSN 73 6110 entitled "Design of local roads". According to this standard, the width of sidewalks is designed according to the speed, intensity, and current density of pedestrians, ie in a very similar way to the design of roads for motor vehicles. However, the vast majority of small towns do not have processed field measurements that determine the relevant values, so they only propose the minimum width of sid...

Although the volumes of fiber reinforced polymer composites (FRPs) used for aircraft applications is a relatively small percentage of total use, the materials often find their most sophisticated applications in this industry. In aerospace the performance criteria placed upon materials can be far greater than in other areas - key aspects are lightweight, high-strength, high-stiffness and good fatigue resistance. Composites were first used by the military before the technology was applied to commercial planes. Nowad...

In recent decades, society has paid increased attention to issues related to observed climate change, which also includes recurring extreme hydrological phenomena. Shortterm heavy rainfall and long-term droughts draw attention to the increased need for hydraulic structures, providing protection against floods or creating water supplies in times of water scarcity. Flood control levees are an important part of flood protection measures. We should give them constant attention to prevent them from collapsing, and thei...

Various secondary metabolites isolated from Ophiocordyceps sinensis, the Chinese caterpillar fungus, have been reported to possess high therapeutic potential. Paecilomyces hepiali has even more biologically important chemical components with interesting pharmacological activity. Traditional Chinese medicine uses Ophiocordyceps sinensis to treat lung and respiratory system problems, hyposexuality, hypolipidemia kidney, or liver, heart, and immune system conditions. In addition, it has been used to treat various for...

To maintain enough water in the river for ecosystems protection and river bed sanitation, water have to be allocated to ecosystems, as it is allocated to other users like domestic use and industry, agriculture and power generation. Water distribution is critical in dry periods. This requires proper determination of environmental flow (river ecosystem minimum permissible flow) by hydrology-based assessment methods. The purpose of this paper is to compare selected hydrological methods and to define the scientificall...

The East Kazakhstan territory is the unique geologic province where a number of largescale non-ferrous and gold deposits are concentrated. Gold base metals (goldcontaining) type is represented by gold containing sulphide complex deposits. The Western Kalba zone is characterized as a gold-bearing structure of multi-stage development and long ore-preparation and ore-forming processes. At the first stage, in the conditions of the intercontinental sea basin (C1-2, C2), the donor carbon-terrigenous formation (Arkalyk, ...

Snow cover is an indicator of the fluctuating climate, resulting from the change in the regime of winter precipitations and air temperatures. Our previous study has revealed significant decreasing of the snow cover in the high altitudes of Vitosha mountain. The current sturdy is now focused on these two meteorological variable - the type and amount of the winter precipitations and the seasonal change of the air temperature. Monthly and seasonal values of precipitation amounts, number of days with different type of...