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The investigated cold spring (10.4-10.9 ?C) is located onto a reverse fault zone within the Subcarpathian nappe (Vrancea region). A small travertine deposit has precipitated along the stream. The spring-water samples display an essentially calcium-bicarbonate chemical facies, indicative of a prevalently meteoric water contribution. Still significant Na and Cl concentrations - each of them amounting, when expressed as miliequivalents, to about one third of the HCO3 concentration - also suggest mixing with a signifi...

Production of electricity in power plants using steam-driven turbines represents today and will continue to remain for decades the main source of such energy, regardless of the fuel consumption type: fossil or nuclear. Even some types of power plants using renewable energy, such as solar energy, transform it first into steam energy. Considering that nowadays about 80% of total world electrical energy is produced by power plants that use steam energy, it is very important that the efficiency and reliability of esse...

Cogeneration, or combined heat and power production (CHP), delivers both electricity and heat simultaneously, which achieves high overall energy efficiency. Although CHP technologies are state of the art, and advantages of their adoption are well known, 70% (European Union) to 80% (worldwide) of the existing potential remains untapped. Initiatives fostering more widespread uptake of cogeneration so far often focus on large scale electricity supply schemes combined with the operation of district heating, while the ...

One of the possible solutions to reduce or eliminate landfill gas emissions is to cover the landfill with bioactive cover layer, where methane is oxidized in-situ. The main innovation of the closure project at Kudjape landfill, Estonia, was to extract the < 40 mm fine fraction from the same landfill cell by using landfill mining technology in order to construct a methane degradation cover and to restore the previous landfill area for the benefit of the community. European larch (Larix decidua) and Norway spruce (P...

The present study explores the impact of natural and climatic factors on the conditions and efficiency of the activities of Russian public utility companies in the context of the theory of the economic system's adaptation to the rapid changes occurring in the natural and climatic conditions using the example of the Far North. Given the change and uncertainty in the factors of the external and internal environment for public utility companies, innovative processes in the field of management are regarded as an imman...

Agricultural production as a share of gross domestic product in Latvia in the year 2016 was 3.2%, which was 1.5% more than in 2015. In 2016, the sown area of cereals amounted to 716.0 thousand hectares, which was about 43.6 thousand hectares or 6.3% more than in 2015 [1]. This indicates the development of the agricultural sector, which will require production resources, as well as appropriate technology machinery to be available. The agricultural sector has to be seen in the context of rural development, where the...

Due to the fact that the printing industry is one of the largest production departments in the EU, its impact on the environment cannot be neglected. The printing activity is based on the use of appropriate substances and chemical preparations. They occur mainly at the stage of preparing printing material and subsequent printing. Chemical and photochemical processes occurring during printing, the use of water and air for cooling machines and devices as well as production wastes - these are factors that may affect ...

The research is focused on the elemental composition of humic acids (HAs) extracted from sapropel found in lakes of the Middle Priobye and the southern Ob-Irtysh basin of West Siberia. Particular attention is given to the fact that sapropel samples were formed under various hydrothermal and environmental conditions. The peculiar features of HA elemental composition, which are evident in element content, atomic ratio and oxidation degree, were revealed. They indicate the relationship between aromatic and aliphatic ...

The Verkhoyansk fold-and-thrust belt (VFTB), composed of terrigenous-carbonate rocks of the Upper Proterozoic, Paleozoic and Mesozoic age and formed in the Late Mesozoic time, stretches along the north-eastern and eastern framing of the Siberian platform. Studies were carried out (from south to north) in the Kuranakh and Kharaulakh segments of the Western-Verkhoyansk sector of VFTB and in the Olenek sector of VFTB. Structures of the Kuranakh and Kharaulakh segments have submeridional strike, and the Olenek ? subla...

The breeding value of the selection candidates is the criterion on which the best individuals are retained for breeding, corresponding to proportion of the selected individuals. When the livestock is grown in an ecological system, the only leverage by which meat production can be increased is the use of the individuals with the highest genetic merit. The average of breeding values of selected individuals coincides with genetic progression on generation, implicitly with the growing production in the considered trai...

One of the most important problems in the socio-economic development of the adjacent territories of Russia, China and Mongolia is water supply. Russian regions, including the Republic of Buryatia, the Trans-Baikal Territory and the Amur Region, are characterized by sufficient reserves of water resources, relatively evenly distributed over the territory. The structure of water use in the regions is dominated by energy and also in the Trans-Baikal Territory and the Amur Region large volumes of water consumption are ...

The buildings and services sector accounts for about 40% of total EU energy consumption, in particular residential heating accounting for 78% of this consumption. Increasing the energy performances of buildings, together with the effort to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and, implicitly, climate change are the main directions of intervention of worldwide energy strategies. In the context of a process of global energy transition, Romania - as a member of the European Union, also is engaged in a policy of changing...

The quality of water sources used for drinking water production is highly varied. Many problems arise in groundwater due to the content of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. Thei presence of its in water affects the organoleptic properties, in disosolved form the hydrogen sulphide confering undesirable taste and irritating rotten egg smell which make it unpalatable. Ingestion of sulphides through drinking water can result in stomach discomfort, nausea and vomiting. Ammonia in concentration above 1.5 mg/L can cause odou...

Biomass is one of the most promising renewable energy sources that could contribute to sustainable energy supply including the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Russia has a huge potential for producing biofuel from wood raw materials. However, forest bioenergy is now at the first steps of development. In this regard, the problem of effective choice of the suitable wood fuel supply chain is very significant. A toolset of decision support systems for wood harvesting and forest bioenergy logistics has been deve...

In the current work, a series of poly(sodium acrylate)-co-acrylamide (polyNaA-co-AAm/pectin and polyNaA-co-AAm/bentonite) superabsorbent composites were prepared using pectin, bentonite, acrylamide and acrylic acid (AA) in the presence of N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAAm) as cross-linker and a mixture of ammonium persulfate and TEMED as initiator. The structure and sorption capacity of the developed composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), voltammetry and UV-visible spectro...

The analysis of bottom sediment quality is an important yet sensitive issue. The anthropological influences (i.e., urban, industrial and agricultural activities) as well as the natural processes (i.e., changes in precipitation amounts, erosion and weathering of crustal materials) degrade surface water quality and impair its use for drinking, industrial, agricultural, recreational and other purposes. Due to spatial and temporal variations in water chemistry, a monitoring program that provides a representative and r...

At present, biotesting methods are widely used to assess the toxicity of environmental objects. Priority environmental pollutants include heavy metals and phenolic compounds. The aim of this work is to compare the sensitivity of biotesting methods to determine the toxicity of waters containing heavy metals and phenolic compounds. To achieve this, biotesting methods based on the survival of Daphnia magna crustaceans, changes in the intensity of bioluminescence of the saccharifying bacteria (the "Ecolum" test system...

Climate reconstruction in the Holocene for the Russian Central Chernozemic region with use of palynological and soil research of deep cores in floodplain deposits and archaeological monuments are carried out. In the Preboreal period area was covered by meadow and grass steppes, pine and birch forests were locally spread. In the Boreal period they were dominated, broadleaved species were noted in small content at its beginning, in its middle span oak and hazel appeared, in the final phase ash and maple added. In th...

Complex of researches (chemical, mineralogical, X-ray phase, rare-earth, isotopic analyses) of volcanogenic-sedimentary rocks, composing basal horizon of the Osipayskaya formation of the Carnian stage in the middle course of Lena river ((Bulkur anticline) (Grakhanov, Smelov 2010, Proskurin et al, 2012), where diamonds of V and Vii variety according to L.Y. Orlov classification, was performed. Granite, ilmenite, spinellide, rutile are identified in rocks among minerals of heavy fraction. According to X-ray phase an...

In the case of the close location of various engineering structures to the place of drilling and blasting operations for ensuring the preservation of these structures there is a necessity of the accurate forecast of the level of possible seismic effects. The amplitude of seismic vibrations is influenced by many factors that are not considered in the regulatory method of determining seismically safe distances. Therefore, the only reliable approach to an accurate prediction is the direct instrumental measurements. T...

The purpose of the research is determination and comparison of the porosity values of the whole core obtained by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and X-ray computed tomography (CT) methods. To achieve the purpose of the research, it was necessary to solve the following tasks: a) measurement of porosity of a whole core by NMR; b) obtaining core porosity values using X-ray CT; c) comparison of the obtained values, explanation of the differences in the porosity using these two methods; d) proposal of new approaches i...

The article describes the newly diagnosed incidence of the musculoskeletal system in the regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan (East Kazakhstan region) with the identification of risk levels, mapping, correlation of environmental factors and clinical and laboratory data on osteopenia diagnostics with the Omnisense-7000. A high incidence rate was detected in the Borodulikha district, close to the former Semipalatinsk nuclear test site and in the industrial city of Ridder, the center of the mining and metallurgical ...

Flow lines are one of the key elements of oil field facilities as they ensure safe transport of raw multiphase mixtures of gas, oil and water from reservoir to reception facilities. The growth of oil extraction in Russia makes the issue of developing new deposits and maintaining high production of oil and gas from existing ones particularly important. Therefore, maintenance of flow lines in service is of great significance. Most of Russia?s oil production originates in West Siberia . The territory is characterized...

Small kettle holes filled with water are commonly found objects in damp lowland landscape. Their location within an agricultural and forest area may cause, irrespective of the land use, the enrichment in biogenic substances. Deficiency of data about the phosphorus and nitrogen content in the sediments of small water bodies, which makes the discussion of this subject more difficult and restricting it only to large water reservoirs. The chemistry of the surface layer of bottom sediments (organic matter, phosphorus, ...

A comprehensive, three-year (2013 ? 2015) geochemical analysis of soils has been conducted within impact areas of the main Russian and Norwegian coal mining centers in Svalbard. This study was focused on identifying both natural and technogenic trace elements and rare earth elements within a variety of landscapes with location of emission sources and natural factors of contaminants' distribution having been taken into account. The concentrations of macro, micro elements, Trace Elements (TM) and Rare Earth Elements...

Establishing of pore fluids pressure is one of the critical challenges encountered in the formations opening in drilling. Pores fluids pressure evaluation through geophysical methods involves live recordings of the collector parameters using LWD (Logging While Drilling)/MWD (Measurements While Drilling) techniques. Empirical relationships of the dependence of pore pressure and the measured parameters use exponents whose values are accepted as constant. These exponents were determined on the basis of experimental d...

Geological storage of CO2 provides a way of reducing CO2 emissions into the atmosphere, by capturing CO2 from major industrial CO2 sources, transporting and injecting it into suitable deep brine aquifer rock formations. The selection of the potential site for the CO2 storage is based on the analyses of all the available geological and geophysical data (well data, seismic lines, gravimetric and magnetic maps, outcrops, geological cross sections, pressure and geothermal regimes, mechanical rock proprieties, chemical...

In case of using equipment in areas classified as with hazard of potentially explosive atmospheres, this shall be designed so as to avoid the ignition of the surrounding explosive atmosphere in which it is intended to operate. Equipment designed for use in potentially explosive atmospheres have to be assessed according the provisions of the ATEX Directive 2014/34/EU regarding the ensuring of explosion protection characteristics. In case of electrical equipment this assessment usually uses the provisions of some sp...

Constructive details of welded steel industrial structures involve critical areas in the structure. A welded steel structure behaves differently toward a steel structure made of laminated steel profiles in a pervasive corrosive environment. Details of the joining of the steel elements must correspond primarily to the strength of the welded steel structure but also to the impact of the corrosive environment, that is to say, some details must be chosen to fade the effect of the corrosive environment. The paper will ...

The reliable determination of solid material thermal properties (thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and heat capacity) are significant for various industries. Knowledge of thermophysical characteristics of reservoir rocks is essential in developing high viscous oil deposits by thermal methods. One of the biggest problems in experimental investigation of thermophysical properties concerns with measurement errors due to multidimensional character of thermal flow (generally, in most cases, one-dimensional theo...

Agricultural production is expected to increase in the world, which will be determined by the growing population and the rising demand for food, feed, fibre and energy. However, an increase in agricultural output could result in an increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the agricultural sector. In order to avoid it, emissions have to be ?decoupled? from agricultural production, i.e. it is necessary to decrease the GHG emissions per unit of agricultural production. This is particularly important for Latvia...

The research study analyzes the state of degradation of Kula Izvoranu - Geblescu - heritage building from Oltenia Region and proposes solutions for its rehabilitation and introduction into the cultural circuit. The influence of the known parameters - construction period, used materials, is analyzed. The building being in precollapse stage is mandatory to be rehabilitated. The methods used are non-invasive and are based on visual inspection, historical analysis of buildings. There were performing a lot of compressi...

Paper presents a new process of refurbishing by metal deposition in different zones of the used parts, the refurbishment by welding in the ultrasonic field. A comparative analysis of the main defects is made, that occur in the case of welding in the protective gas comparing with the process of refolding by welding in protective gas medium with the ultrasonic activation of the additive material. In the case of the refurbishment by ultrasonic welding of used parts, the problem that concerns most is the appearance an...

In recent years the interest in supercritical fluids is growing. The transition of water into the supercritical state occurs in a closed volume when it reaches the temperature of 374В°C and the pressure of 21.8 MPa. At that, the boundary between liquid and vapor disappear a new state of water has a low viscosity and a high diffusion capacity. To analyze the bituminous oil in supercritical water with ultra-dispersed magnetite particles andcaustobiolith. Experiments conducted in a closed reactor under conditions tha...

The global influence of environmental problems has led to an increasing role of international environmental non-governmental organizations, which has become active actors on the global arena. Climate change as the serious challenge led to consolidation of efforts of states and non-governmental organizations. ?Green diplomacy? or ?environmental diplomacy? has become a part of international relations. At the first stage of our study the characteristics of the leading international environmental organizations were co...

The volume of generated municipal waste increases proportionally with the rise in population and higher personal consumption by individuals. Municipal waste management requires considerable financial resources and, because all of us generate waste, we all have to contribute our share. In the Slovak Republic, the fees for municipal waste are laid down by Act No. 582/2004 Coll. on local taxes and local fees for municipal waste and minor construction waste. Pursuant to this Act, municipalities issue their generally b...

Electricity in Romania is based on obtaining it in thermoelectric power plants. On the territory of Romania there are thermoelectric power plants operating with different types of fuels (gaseous, liquid and solid). At present, the largest amount of electricity is obtained from solid-fuel in thermal power plants. Thermoelectric power plants are considered to be an important source of environmental pollution. These have negative effects on all environmental components. The technological processes from the combustion...

The talk will be focused on the subject matter of possible creation of a database for determining market value of land using price comparison. The authors will focus upon selected questions regarding determining market value of land. They will define basic properties of land pieces, which are essential for the right choice of another comparable piece of land for valuation. The properties that are essential for selecting the method of valuation of market value of land are not only the kind of land stated in the lan...

The importance of mineralogical research in microscale increases with the need of advanced characterization and detailed quantitative analysis of ores and upgrading products. Automated mineralogy technique connected with advanced scanning electron microscopy like QEMSCANВ® or MLA give a possibility to obtain comprehensive information about mineral and elemental composition, particle size distribution, liberation and associations between grains and other quantitative and qualitative data for raw materials and produ...

Biomass, a major renewable energy source, can be converted to biofuel. The Region of Warmia and Mazury in north-eastern Poland, which features extensive woodlands and farmlands, is a leader in biomass production and biomass use for energy generation. The Warmia and Mazury Energy Agency has developed, in collaboration with the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, a biomass energy strategy for 2010-2020. The strategy is consistent with the Polish Energy Policy and the national plan for the use of renewable en...

On August 2016 in the Kazanka River (the tributary of the Volga River) was the mass mortality of fish (gibel carp Carassius gibelio) and waterfowl (mallard Anas platyrhynchos). Investigation of the causes of mortality showed that during this period the mass development of phytoplankton was reported (number 43.9-83.1 million cells/L and biomass in the interval 2.20-8.12 mg/L). Biomass of the group of blue-green algae was 0.76-3.25 mg/L. Planktolyngbya limnetica (Lemm) Kom.-Legn. et Cronb (94.6 % of the number) and ...

Getic Depression is a mature and prolific petroleum province in the Carpathian Orogen. It belongs to a large group of petroleum systems in Romania, respectively Carpathian Foredeep. Getic Depression represents the foredeep of the Cretaceous to Paleogene Southern Carpathians. During the Paleogene to Early Miocene it has been affected by transtension due to the eastward movement of the Inner Carpathians. Finally, the basin has been inverted and thrusted over Moesia during the Mid-Miocene collision of the Carpathians...

The enterprises working in shadow economy do not undertake any measures for protection of ecology, do not pay payments for use of natural resources and environmental in the budget though they do harm to a surrounding medium in the course of the economic activity. The scales of a shadow economy existing in the Russian Federation exerts the increasing impact on formation and ensuring financial stability of regional budgets. According to the experts the IMF, scales of the shadow sector of economy in the Russian Feder...

The paper deals with burning processes, combustible materials and materials. Each fire is accompanied by combustion processes that depend on combustion conditions, in particular the presence of flammable substances and materials, oxidant and source of initiation. Fire is burning spreading uncontrollably in time and space. Fever represents a set of exothermic physicochemical events, in which the redox reactions occurring in the release of a considerable amount of thermal and light energy, at the same time release f...

The Volga?Ural petroliferous basin is the oldest oil producing region of Russia. Therefore, most of the major oil and gas fields of traditional types here are already at the final stage of production. This provides for the increasing interest to develop unconventional resources of hydrocarbons associated with potential resources of the Upper Devonian?Lower Carboniferous (Tournaisian) Domanik-type sedimentary formations. This study focused on the geomechanical and petrophysical evaluation of the Domanik Formation a...

Dielectric barrier discharge being low-temperature plasma generated in cases with an dielectric material between the electrodes is a new method developed recently which has been used to degrade organic pollutants in waste water, because is the hydroxyl radical produced as was shown. Pollution of water with aliphatic organic substances leads to irreversible environmental changes. Physicochemical and biological methods of water treatment are being developed for controlling such pollution. Oxidation of aliphatic orga...

Interpretation of geophysical data is an important stage at a research of interior of Earth and problem solving of a prospecting geophysics. Potential geophysical fields ? gravitational, magnetic, stationary thermal ? satisfy to the equation of Laplace. Therefore, the theory and methods of interpretation developed for one of this field have the universal character. At the same time, it is necessary for these problems solution to use results of interpretation other geophysical data, first of all, seismic data. Proc...

The objects of research were carbonate-siliceous rocks of Semiluk and Mendym horizons of Upper Devonian formations from Volga-Ural region, Russian Federation. The main purpose of studying was a comprehensive investigations Devonian black shale and an assessment of their resource potential as objects of future exploitation for oil (unconventional shale oil formations). It was shown that the Upper Devonian black shales and their analogues have widespread on the territory of the eastern part of the Russian platform. ...

Many industrial applications need different approaches of the problematic of determination of distance in gas environment with different gas concentrations. Due to the technological limitations caused by environment conditions like temperature, pressure, corrosive factors, there is a narrowing of the range of sensor types capable of measuring in specific circumstances of a certain industrial process. In this paper we propose a technical solution with a high potential of providing the necessary information in real ...

Biodiesel is one of the most promising renewable liquid fuels. It can be obtained from any raw material containing fatty acids, however the main industrial process today remains based on vegetable oil transesterification with methanol. In recent years also interesterification of oils with methyl acetate as reactant had been studied. Interesterification of triglycerides with methyl acetate provides a promising alternative of transesterification because triacetin is formed instead of glycerol. Both processes are rea...