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St. Petersburg is one of the most northern world megapolises. Climate changing, increasing of anthropogenic pressure, diseases and insect pests invasions determine the necessity of trees and shrubs assortment revision. St. Petersburg is known as one of the major centers of introduction works and landscape design development both in Russia and in the world. These work is devoted to estimation of trees and shrubs composition in St. Petersburg greening. The approaches to sustainable assortment development in modern c...

In research are used objective and subjective sound features on the development of noise annoyance assessment model in urbanized environment. They represent a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the acoustic signal. The relation of objective features in subjective features is the direction of research on the development of noise annoyance evaluation model developed for several years. The carrier of information about the characteristics of sound in the environment is an acoustic signal coming from noise sour...

The current legislative standards require as much as possible energy efficient construction. Airtightness is a key component of energy-efficient buildings. Airtightness is characterized by air leakage through the building envelopes. Untightness leads to uncontrolled air exchange and increased heat loss. Using the exploratory analysis of variables is analyzed the state of the airtightness of energy-efficient buildings in the United Kingdoms in recent years. The source of data sample set on the airtightness of UK en...

Sustainability of energy sources and environmental protection play an increasingly important role in civil engineering design. Due to global warming, people are well aware of the importance of protecting nature, as extreme weather events are occurring more frequently. The lack of water becomes a serious problem in still larger and larger areas all over the world. For this reason, drinking and rain water reservoirs as well as wastewater treatment plants have been presently popular and frequently used structures. Fr...

The paper deals with the analysis of the design elements of the road at the crossing point of the railway line. For the analysis were selected existing level crossings in the Czech Republic, where problems were found during the traffic. These were mainly problems of repeated disorder road pavement in contact with the construction of the level crossing. In addition, there are problems with the crossing of motor road transport or freight traffic. Particularly in the case of longer vehicles (heavy goods vehicles, pub...

A quick development of motoring poses, particularly in cities, a number of transportation challenges involving traffic flow and maintaining its safety. To ensure road safety in streets facing transportation challenges, different systems of traffic calming have been successively introduced aiming at improvement of living and safety conditions. Suburban districts and housing estates are having their traffic arrangement plans changed. Traffic calming zones (e.g. Woonerven, stille veje, zones 30, home zones) are intro...

The European Directive 31/2010 for the energy performance of buildings imposed two distinct deadlines for the new buildings stock, one being that all public buildings must be nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB) starting with 31 December 2018 and the other is that all new buildings must be nZEB starting from 31 December 2020. Thus, a thoroughly design must be considered in obtaining such low energy consumptions at buildings. In the design stage, a time consuming activity is that of modeling and simulating thermal w...

The design of a social housing complex that is accessible to all population groups including disabled people, elderly people and families with children can be achieved only with application of architectural and gerontological principles. The gerontological direction in designing is connected with a comprehensive account of the dynamic changes in a person's life, his physiological and social characteristics, changing during the life of the population's needs for the organization of living space. The paper confirms ...

Public transport is a key component of sustainable mobility in cities. One way to increase attractiveness of public transport to citizens is to offer shorter travel time compared to other transport modes. Ensuring faster and smoother transit of road-based public transport vehicles (buses, trolleybuses, etc.) is possible by active prioritizing of these vehicles at signalized intersections. The article describes technologies and principles of decentralized GPS-based priority system operation with two-way real-time d...

Computer Aided Design (CAD) is the reality of today?s architecture. Building Information Modelling (BIM) technique is a great opportunity for communication and data management in virtual space. Theoretically BIM has a sophisticated database, where the resulting software can simultaneously create the data and generate ?reports? about it, in the form of drawings. BIM cloud-based collaboration provides up-to-date information, where project data is at the centre of the process and delivered to the point of work, makes...

This paper intents to present some of our results concerning a CAD based application which can provide a simple architectural procedure for the refurbishment of existing and abandoned courtyards in the historical center of Timisoara, Romania. Starting from the Local Urbanism Plan Map, this application could import the AutoCAD quotes and, based on these elements, could automatically add architectural elements, especially green areas, or other architectural objects, without using sophisticated architectural programs...

This research work describes cost-optimal calculations for existing buildings of different categories and main building elements, as well as comparison with the existing energy requirements. Calculations are based on Directive 2010/31/EU and on the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 244/2012 with the associated Guidelines. Those documents are used both ? for the calculation of cost-optimal energy performance for a whole building (MWh or kWh/m2 per year) and for the assessment of optimal U-value for different ...

The use of colored asphalt pavements plays an important role in answering the environment requirements, the operational aspects and visibility and road safety requirements. In this context, the paper deals with the possibilities of realizing colored asphalt mixtures corroborated with the ordinary tests to determine the physical and mechanical characteristics. Meanwhile, the article presents the advantages of using colored asphalt mixtures in different cases for improving road safety.

This paper examines comfort and cohesion in outdoor and semi out door spaces of historical environment with a hot and dry climate using the example of the traditional streets, courtyards and recesses of Sanliurfa, Turkey. The goal of this research is to investigate the design principles for achieving comfort and social cohesion in the historical environment of Sanliurfa traditional architecture. In Sanliurfa historical settlement, where traditions and customs have an important role in the social structure, has cre...

The paper deals with comparison of selected capacity calculations for roundabouts used in the Czech Republic. Some traffic engineers use the qualitative methods based on Germany methodology HBS, but some ones still use the quantitative methods for capacity assessment of roundabouts. The quantitative methods are based on the traffic volumes on entries and circulatory roadway of roundabout and they usually use an array of coefficients which represent next roundabout parameters. The qualitative methods are also based...

The growing tasks of architectural and construction activity differentiation in the Russian Federation and the world require improvement of architectural education based on the change of training technology. Creative competitions held at the Institute of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Transport of Tambov State Technical University show the relationship of the educational process of training architects (bachelors and masters), regional administration experts, students, stakeholders and the public. Examples of ...

Cuban architecture reflects the cultural diversity of the island. When sightseeing around Havana and observing the varied architecture and the heterogeneous urban structure of the city, we can get the impression that we become witnesses to the tumultuous history of the country. The oldest buildings in Old Havana are from colonial times. In this part of the city we can see the influence of Spanish conquest. It was in sixteenth-century Old Havana that a house model was developed, that featured formal and functional ...

Originally, walls were of structural or defensive nature and that typology hasn?t changed for millennia. It can be traced back to the evolution of the human species and the shift from nomadic to sedentary societies. Along with technological progress, society development, urban growth and other factors, new challenges were placed on walls. Today, walls are used for protection against environmental risk rather than robberies or military troops. In the paper the basic typology of walls ? the one of territorial protec...

The cornerstone of metropolitan areas of the Czech Republic is the so-called integrated system of centres, characterized by a high degree of territorial concentration of the population of economic phenomena, and a high level of internal functional interconnections. Territorial intensity and concentration of interactions within metropolitan areas are mainly reflected in the volume of labour and school commuting, as well as economic activity, as a result of the number and location of job opportunities. Hradec Kr?lov...

Geopolymers are alkali-activated materials produced by mixing silicate and aluminate phases containing minerals or aluminosilicates. This reaction results in stable polymeric networks of aluminosilicates. Nowadays, geopolymers have become very popular since they are seen as a potential alternative to ordinary concrete-based materials. They can be produced with the utilization of a variety of waste products. Therefore, the development of these materials can help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the productio...

The purpose of this article is to analyse the development of green economy and the construction industry in Russia, to study the impact of environmental factors on the real estate market and the assessment of the prospects for Russian eco-development. Study methods based on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, where each of the 17 Goals has specific targets to be achieved over the next 15 year. In the UN document one of the important is Goals N11 named as "Sustainable Cities and Communities". In the proces...

Constant increase of traffic volumes exacerbates transportation problems and causes deterioration of safety and life conditions of village inhabitants in the vicinity of throughways. To reduce the adverse effect of road traffic, introduction of traffic calming devices in entry zones has been used for years. Their success in speed reduction and improvement of acoustic climate were dependent on the type of devices, their location and how frequently they were distributed along the pedestrian crossing across the throu...

Can civilisation at its current level of development afford the further wasting of all forms of energy? This is the question that forms the foundation of the entire philosophy of energy saving, and - to be more precise - of the work towards its efficient use. The greatest consumers of energy are mega-metropolises, as the amount of energy required to build them, produce all the necessary construction materials and their transport to the construction site, followed by the occupancy of the structures that have thus b...

At present, the building sector holds more than 40% of energy consumption and 36% production of greenhouse gas emissions. The whole sector of buildings uses more than 50% of the Earth's raw materials and produces approximately 50% of world waste. The current legislative standards require as much as possible energy efficient construction. The inadequate thermal performance of the buildings and are currently the biggest challenges for the sector of buildings in the European Union in the context of addressing the sus...

According to the sustainable mobility, there are many rules how to do best a moving the citizens in our cities. What is interesting that we do not have a classical ? technical rules how to reach the sustainability in transport. The big deal is coming from the NGO people, mainly. The politicians have open their arms for them and then defectively requires from professionals non-systematic solutions. In Bratislava, Capital of Slovakia, is like in other cities in Europe a huge development boom. Completely new down tow...

People spend approximately 90% of their life in the indoor environment of buildings. Indoor environment significantly influences the health, the comfort and the performance of buildings users. The long-term insufficient indoor environment is associated with the Sick Building Syndrome (SBS). According to previous studies, basic factors influencing satisfaction and performance in indoor environments include indoor air quality and ventilation, thermal comfort, lighting and daylighting, noise and acoustics, space layo...

In the conditions of global urbanization and steady growth of urban population approaches of rational and simple construction are used in modern city architecture. Minimalistic, unnatural urban environment with primitive geometric shapes is created. It forms homogeneous and aggressive visual fields. Visual perception of such landscapes negatively influences on organism of citizens, reduces efficiency and strengthens apathy and irritation. These physiological effects are based on violation of visual perception mech...

One of the parts of sustainable mobility is surely the quality public transport service. It includes the suitable vehicles, as well as the stations, bus stops and various other integrated transfer points of the public transportation system. For the optimization of using these transfer points, as well as overall optimization of public transport services, it is necessary for us to obtain a traffic data in a real time. Nowadays it is not enough to know just the exact position of the vehicle on the map via GPS, with i...

Environmental compensation aimed at keeping bat flight paths open is a major environmental protection issue. The small mammals play a very important role in eliminating pests and insects, pollination and seed dispersal. New roads often sever the continuity of bat migration routes. Not only do bats have traditional migration routes, but also their winter habitats rarely change. Given the above, many countries use different solutions of sustainable civil engineering, geared towards maintaining free passage for bats ...

With the beginning of the 21st century, there was a rapid development of technologies allowing to cover elevation of buildings with various plant species, even those that are not adapted to the natural overgrowth of vertical walls. This is the result of changes in the approach to the sustainable design. The technologies that derive from the simplest, proven solutions known for thousands of years become popular. Plants have a number of advantages that are very difficult to replace by modern filtration systems, they...

The library is one of the most important urban institutions with a wide social impact (including its research, educational, cultural and recreational impact).Being in the previous decades, a place, which aimed at building up the manuscript collection, it gradually opened up to the recipient, adapted its character depending on the changing times, today performing the function of a bustling center of culture and pro-ecological thinking. The idea of the Green Library Movement first appeared in the early 90s in the US...

The importance of keeping in good shape and transmitting the world heritage to future generations is accepted worldwide unanimously. The values of the past are those that define a country, and for which society must ensure as efficiently as possible their protection, while adapting them to advancing technology. At present, there is a well-established legislation on the energy efficiency of new or renovated buildings. This facilitates the achievement of a ranking and therefore a labeling based on energy consumption...

Prices of urban real estate are formed under the influence of several groups of factors, among which we can identify demand and supply, characteristics of the external market environment, specifics of users, factors of effective use, etc. However, the role of factors is not equal, and the redistribution of their "weight" occurs almost constantly. The importance of the environmental factor (both positive and negative points) is generally not in doubt, but its impact on real estate prices is also constantly changing...

Synergic effect of the individual components of the indoor environment is considered to be a significant determinant of the quality of the indoor environment. The quality of the indoor environment affects not only the user's comfort but also the health of the users of the buildings. The main objective of the paper is to confirm or exclude a statistically significant impact of hygro-thermal conditions on the indoor air quality (IAQ). Hygrothermal conditions and indoor air quality are the essential components of the...

There are many ancient cultures in the world where there are no written sources and material evidence as artefacts preserved. Their identification or even revealing of signs is an important impetus for the initiation of further systematic research. In this sense, Indonesia, including the island of Bali, is a very typical example, where the earliest reliable evidence can be dated not earlier than the 4th century CE. Due to the natural conditions, there are few opportunities for the artefacts of natural origin and e...

Indoor environment is considered to be a basic requirement for human health and well-being. Concentrations of indoor air pollutants are typically 2-5 times higher, and occasionally 100 times higher than outdoors. The condition and performance of the ventilation have a significant impact on indoor air quality. People are ordinarily exposed to high concentrations of pollutants in indoor environments. The consequences of low ventilation rates include elevated levels of carbon dioxide and other air contaminants indoor...

Our paper is focused on translucence of daylight through micro-glass-bubbles. We applied Glass Micro Bubbles as outside thermal insulation on a cargo container and researched their influence on quantity of Daylight in interior. In the roof of the cargo container is a lengthwise roof skylight and its outside surface was coated of this innovative glass material. We used simple mono-cellular hollow spherical elements, known as the - Glass Micro Bubbles. They are made of borosilicate glass, which is resistant to water...

Decommissioned historical military property is extensively used for civilian activities. Renovated historical army barracks have been turned into residential buildings, administrative and educational facilities, museums, even churches. Depots, garages and warehouses facilitate entrepreneurs and freight forwarders. Airports serve the needs of civilian and leisure aviation. While these functions have all been successfully introduced into historical post-military architecture, saving it from demolition and vacancy, t...

The article deals with the issue of mutual interaction between individual elements of the public space of settlements with a focus on its technical equipment. The paper focuses on a case study from the Czech Republic, namely a linden alley in the Jandovo stromoradi street in Frenstat pod Radhostem. There are described complex relationships between the elements of the public infrastructure which are situated in a very confined space and are currently in an inconvenient building-technical condition which threatens t...

Succesful planning nowadays involves broad spectrum of stakeholders including general public. Data needed might not be easily available and cannot be combined together within a single tool accessible by various stakeholders. This article will introduce interactive visualization tool InVito which enable to combine various data layers into comprehensive visual representation of mutual impacts based on defined mathematical equations. This tool was prepared by support from project Implementation of Sustainable Land Us...

Low emission policy, eco mobility and sharing economy are popular modern trends in urbanism and urban transportation development. The use of innovative individual transport systems is a part of popular ?smart city? concept, where smart mobility plays an important role. It has a crucial meaning for sustainable development of functional urban areas (FUAs), that are sub-regions emerged from the strong impact that cities have on hinterlands, usually defined using land use, settlement, population density and travel-to-...

Each of the national committees organising the Games is required to provide stadiums and related infrastructure capable to accommodate hundreds of thousands of spectators within a short, 40-day period of time in order to carry out the Olympic Game. At the same time, the International Olympic Committee calls for providing a complete buildings that are sustainable, energy-saving, with the use of energy from renewable sources (ie. solar-, wind-, geothermal energy, etc), building skins designed to eliminate thermal lo...

One of the most important properties of bitumen is - among others ? its ability to stress relaxation. This ability affects the energy absorption from the vehicles? wheels by asphalt pavement. It has also influence on deformation, damages and durability of road surface. The problem of the destruction of asphalt layers is common and current. In order to determine the physicomechanical characteristic of bitumen, in the article, a method of evaluation of stress relaxation properties in road bitumens is presented. In t...

The article deals with the degradation of cement beams containing polypropylene and polyvinyl alcohol fibres. Nowadays it is developed high-quality concrete that contains a minimum of reinforcement or all it is replace by micro fibres. Microscopic examination of fiber breakage and changes at fiber-matrix interface was investigated in this paper. The cement beams were stored in an aggressive environment of 3% NaCl, 5% NaOH and 5% H2SO4 for 28 days (CSN P CEN / TS 12390-11). Mechanical parameters and changes of fibr...

One of the major assumptions of the so-called Ecodistrict is Scharnhauser Park, Ostfildern in Germany, it is an interesting example that mostly consists of a newly created urban fabric. Many scientific publications focus on technical aspects related to the protection of the environment and natural resources, which, in fact, in this type of projects are achieved by the applied recycling technologies and other technological solutions. Energy efficiency is not directly translated into the quality of living and the qu...

Future 5G networks are expected to provide ubiquitous connectivity for extremely large number of devices with diverse characteristics in terms of storage, computing, network capacity and power supply. These networks will support an enormous myriad of services, application and business models with specific requirements for performance, reliability, and security. Network slicing can address the diverse requirements of diverse use cases by enabling network operators to create and deploy a number of virtualized networ...

Zones 30 have been used for years in suburban districts as common traffic calming devices. The solution of zone 30 was used in a street in Szczecin. The street connects the area of detached houses with large panel housing estates. To reduce speed to 30 km/h, four successive raised areas were made of paving stone cubes as well as a 1 m wide median strip in the road axis. The change of asphalt blanket into paving stone cubes is thought to change the acoustic climate, due to differences of noise levels generated by t...

Information about informal Romani settlements housing are not found in books or archives. They are found ?live?, in settlements. The intent of this paper is to point out that they represent a world of signals that can be detected through the methodological tools of observation and discussion with residents; also and therefore, to create guidelines for operational tools useful for an aware and contemporary design of Romani house. The paper starts from the fact that including cultural components in projects that are...

When thinking about sustainable design, social sustainability appears to be a fundamental feature that must be considered when shaping people and communities. This broad subject is narrowly approached within the present article following one specific viewpoint; social sustainability can be defined in the design process by analyzing materials? potential in crafts` and industries` activities alike. Paper`s potential on both these levels, in developing, through its production process, small scale communities and larg...

Design strategy requires the proper order of actions. Each stage of the investment focuses on the data set and the results of conducted investigations. A virtual 3D model and computer simulations facilitate and accelerate the work of designers. Thanks to proper planning and consequent schedule implementation the whole project is carried in a timely manner. Proper logistics of actions, combined with the implementation strategy, translates also into the amount of incurred expenses. The specified order of actions, to...