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In climate change, drought, and water scarcity, the natural functioning of river systems largely depends on the proper distribution of water resources. Accurate determination of hydrological characteristics is essential for the sustainable management of water resources and provides information on the status and potential of water systems. Water management must be implemented in such a way as to meet the needs of man and the economy. At the same time, measures are taken to protect the quantitative characteristics o...

Globally, natural hazards (e.g., forest fires, floods, earthquakes) are expected to become more frequent and severe due to climate change, unplanned urbanization, and population growth in areas prone to extreme events. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the most suitable locations for flood shelters using multi-criteria spatial analysis using GIS tools. GIS tools facilitate the effective preparation, processing, and visualization of spatial data. By using GIS, it is possible to integrate various data sources, ...

The study aims to evaluate how droughts impact irrigated and non-irrigated vineyards by analysing the relationship between short-term drought and vegetation indices to identify areas irrigated from unofficial sources. The re-search area includes vineyards in Telavi municipality (eastern Georgia). RStudio was used to calculate SPI and SPEI (1- month and 3-month timescales) and EDI (daily) to measure the severity of the meteorological drought. The 27-year (1993-2020) data from a weather station in the study area inc...

Accurate representation of particle dimensions is essential for reliable sedimentation analysis and assessment of settling dynamics. The use of equivalent diameters-such as Stokes, Feret, and volume-based diameters-introduces approximation errors when replacing real particle dimensions, especially for irregularly shaped particles. This study quantifies these errors by capturing high-resolution 2D images of particles within a bentonite, commonly found in bentonite suspensions characteristic of those occurring in ri...

Human activities have significantly impacted aquatic ecosystems worldwide, especially in developing countries. Acid mine drainage from mineral extraction and wastewater containing xenobiotics pose substantial threats for lakes and marine ecosystems, introducing heavy metals and increasing antibiotic resistance in pathogenic microbes. Despite the urgent need for effective solutions, many environmental liabilities remain without an adequate mapping unmapped or remediation plan, exacerbating risks for environmental h...

Nature-based solutions harness the power of nature. Nature-based solution represent an innovative approach that can combine ecological and engineering elements with site security. Nature-based solusion encompass a wide range of measures to protect, restore or sustain landscapes such as watersheds and urban areas. Nature-based solution can be implemented on the basis of a risk analysis of the territory to ensure the safety of the territory, e.g. a municipality. An example of this is the construction of dry polders ...

Hydrological droughts are formed by different processes, but how strong and heterogeneous they are, leading to different manifestation and characteristics of the droughts. Droughts have no distinct starting date, but different methods gives a course of action that may help to identify dry signals and possible drought conditions for early warning. We choose hydrological drought indices that are applicable for Bulgarian conditions. Using statistical methods, minimum flow, deficits and spatial characteristics can be ...

On the background of regional climate changes, an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme droughts has been observed in many regions of Europe in recent years, and this trend is expected to continue in the future. While common in southern Europe, including Bulgaria, drought can adversely affect human life and economic activities. Extreme droughts lead to water scarcity, restricting the availability of irrigation water for agricultural purposes. In the regions where irrigation is vital for sustaining cro...

Temperature affects the number of water properties. Density, specific heat capacity, surface tension and more change with temperature. The size of the water droplets has strong impact on the shielding of radiant heat or the ability to extinguish and suppress fires. Determining the droplet size distribution of water mist is used in wide range of industries, in fire protections, spray technology, pharmaceuticals or automotive industry. The work deals with the measurement of the droplet size distribution of eight sel...

The drainage challenges of a large settlement encompass both urban areas and adjacent agricultural and industrial zones. Surface runoff from increasingly impermeable subcatchments flows into the underground gravitational closed conduits drainage network of the settlement during rapid storm events, a phenomenon effectively modeled using hydrodynamic simulation tools such as SWMM. Meanwhile, excess precipitation water that fails to infiltrate the soil accumulates predominantly on agricultural lands outside the settl...

The work aims to acquire LiDAR data and checking the scan quality in QC Tools for Sanmihaiu Roman hydro technical arrangement located on the Bega Canal, Timis County, Romania, using mobile scanning technology MMS - Mobile Mapping System, using portable backpack equipment from Swiss manufacturer Leica, the Pegasus Backpack model. The Method of LiDAR Data Collection is a Fused Slam one, where, a Master Station has been located for the purchase of RiNEX data, using some GNSS receiver, the Leica GS 08. The raw data pr...

Presence of coastal structures usually causes significant impacts to adjacent shores, especially when they are composed of sand. Many times, these impacts are associated with inappropriate design due to inadequate consideration of hydromorphological processes and system interactions. As a result, excessive erosion and/or deposition of sediment is observed, which implies costly, and in some cases, continuous maintenance. The study presents an assessment and gives explanation of significant changes in the morphology...

Hydrometric propeller methods, is device that responds and measuring the velocity of the water current at the point where its sensor axis is located. Mechanical hydrometric propellers are widely used in our country, in which the current causes rotation of a screw vane with an angular velocity proportional to the velocity of the current, in this method the depth of the river profile must be taken into account in order to comply with the measurement condition in 1, 2, or 3 points namely 0.2h, 0.6h and 0.8h, h-depth ...

Today, it is possible to work with a wide range of freely available data, often on a daily basis. These data can be used to create an early warning system for estimating the approximate hazard. It can also be used to develop models of long-term catchment behaviour. Most applications are generally carried out on catchments larger than 200 km2. For this reason, areas between 20 and 350 km2 were selected to test the hypothesis using models based on machine learning methods. How good results can be achieved when using...

The discharge emanating from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is a contributing factor to the pollution load within the adjacent natural water body. Generally, effluent constraints can be upheld during periods of dry weather. Nonetheless, instances of surpassing these limitations are common during storm events due to the substantial surge in inflow. The retention of incoming stormwater presents an opportunity to mitigate both quantitative and qualitative concerns. However, the spatial and financial pr...

Water resource protection is significant for Georgia since the intensity of anthropogenic impact on the Georgian ecosystem has been substantially increased over the recent period, at the same time, several diseases with high risk for population life have been considerably increased, as well. The work provides the physical-chemical and hydrochemical characteristics of rivers, artesian and spring waters available at the territories adjacent to the arsenic processing enterprises in the region for 2021-2024. pH, elect...

Water pollution from untreated wastewater discharge is a major public health concern in the ancient city of Bukhara, Uzbekistan. The city lacks adequate wastewater treatment facilities, leading to the release of contaminated water into the environment. This has resulted in the deterioration of water quality in local water bodies, posing serious risks to human health. One of the primary sources of pollution is the discharge of domestic and industrial wastewater into the Shavkat aria canal, which flows through the c...

In the context of global climate change, groundwater is not only a vital source for human survival, but also a strategic resource for the sustainable development of local and global economies. The protection and effective management of these resources must be top priorities for everyone involved in environmental planning and management. The purpose of this work is to monitor the quality of groundwater from two water drillings located in the south of Timisoara and four water drillings in the west of the locality. T...

This article discusses phosphorus precipitation in constructed wetlands, which are effective at removing pollutants from wastewater, except for phosphorus. The PAX-18 coagulant was used to enhance phosphorus removal. Precipitation equipment was installed in three wetlands, each with different technological arrangements. In two of the wetlands, a gradual dosing of coagulant was implemented, while in the third, a single dose of 200 litres was applied. Dosing was based on the average phosphorus influx, with samples t...

The basic argument of the present study lies in the request of the agency of the Danube Delta Biosphere regarding the regulation of travel speeds of different types of boats. One among the cases of analysis was the one that refers to a patrol vessel. The purpose of this paper aims to follow the creation and study of the displacement of a ship of maritime patrol produced by the Damen company, inside the Danube Delta on 3 channels of different sizes. To carry out this work, the patrol vessel named "Stan Patrol" it w...

Emergency preparedness plays a key role in the safety of the territory. The emergency or crisis preparedness of the territory has a prospective character. The proposed preparedness measures are implemented in the long term. The measures are implemented on the basis of strategic planning for the development of the territory within the framework of spatial planning. One type of measures can be nature-based solutions, which are linked to nature and frame the natural character of the territory. Alternatively, these me...

This paper deals with the volumetric quantification of soil loss. A device called erosion bridge was used for the quantification. It was designed and created at the Institute of Landscape Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Brno University of Technology. The principle of the measurement with the use of this device is that the needles are lowered onto the terrain surface and their profile copies the terrain profile. A camera attached to the erosion bridge is important, which is used to take photographs ...

Resource efficiency is an important aspect in the efforts to support and evolve economic development, while maintaining all natural systems unaffected. However, resource efficiency cannot guarantee the perpetual use of existing water resources. Water resource efficiency policy must be based on an awareness of the number of resources that can be used, but also the impact of activities on the environment and how it is affected. Developing and increasing the number of consumers. Options for water sources used for dri...

Natural zeolites, a family of hydrated aluminosilicates, are important raw materials for micro and nano technologies due to their molecular-sieve, ion-exchange and catalytic properties. Their porous crystalline framework is built from alternating SiO4 and AlO4 - tetrahedra forming cages and channels, and improvement of zeolite performance is possible by thermal and chemical treatment. The influence of hydrochloric acid and calcination on heulandite-containing tuff from the Georgian Dzegvi-Tedzami deposit was studi...

Historical pollution with hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers of soil and groundwater unfortunately is an unsolved problem, especially in some countries where Lindane is still produced, as also in Europe in the surrounding areas of former production sites or landfilling sites usually due to inadequate long-term storage, treatment or recovery of these wastes. HCH removal technologies are usually dedicated to soil remediation, leachate treatment, water and wastewater treatment. This paper presents the research effor...

Bregovo is a small Bulgarian town located on the border with the Republic of Serbia. It is situated 6 kilometers from the mouth of the Timok River, which flows into the Danube River. Despite the proximity of the river, the town experienced some complications in its water supply. The purpose of the research is to to analyze and evaluate the water supply system of the town of Bregovo. The water supply in the municipality of Bregovo is taken care of by the operator "ViK Vidin" EOOD. The separate territory of "ViK Vid...

Firstly, this paper is focused on the analysis of runoff and erosion conditions in the chosen locality, which is in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. The analysis was made using geographic information systems, mainly the ArcGIS Pro software program. Water erosion endangers more than fifty percent of arable land in the Czech Republic. Unfortunately, there is no systematic protection of the majority of soil erosion-threatened areas that would prevent further losses. One of the main causes of this is t...

Changing climatic conditions in urbanized areas enormously impact the quality of life in urbanized areas. Persistent prolonged dry periods, extreme downpours with heavy heaviness or prolonged rainfall are an extreme problem for effective water management in cities. Extreme weather changes also risk the environment when infiltrating or relieving highly contaminated water from the first run-off. These wastewaters are a potential source of groundwater and surface water pollution in which various pollutants are concen...

Since ancient times, mankind has tried to establish a causality of the phenomena that occur in the surrounding world, to find solutions and answers. Floods are widespread in the Danube Delta they cause great material damage and loss of human life and important consequences. The production of floods in the Danube Delta is due to the entry into the Danube of large amounts of water from rains, from the sudden melting of snow and mountain glaciers, as well as from underground water sheets. Deforestation favors the rap...

Climate factors are already exerting negative pressure on water resources, society and ecosystems. The analysis of trends and identification of vulnerable water supply areas is related to the River Basin Management Plans. For this end, a methodology for assessment of water resources vulnerability, developed in international projects of the National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology (NIMH), is adapted. The methodology is further developed by drought risk assessment. The main stages are: 1) Assessment of the cl...

The paper deals with the possibility of applying game theory in the decision of the dispatcher regarding the opening of the gates to the floodplain (construction of flood control measures). When the forecast of the flood course is bur ended with a random error from the normalized normal distribution N (0.1). The forecast itself is in the range of flows are capable of causing significant damage. The experiment tested different options for adjusting the probability of betrayal (error) of the forecast model. The prob...

The article analyzes and evaluates the current status of the water quality of the Chepinska River. It is one of the main right-hand tributaries of the Maritsa River, and large settlements are located in its catchment area and active agricultural activity is carried out. They cause a strong anthropogenic impact and a significant change in water quality. The heterogeneous impact requires the assessment to be carried out by using a complex of indices that includes the Canadian Water Quality Index (CCME WQI), the Bava...

Due to the historical development of individual regions in Slovakia, there are still areas without access to public water networks. The main reason is the challenging and uneconomical construction of public networks in scattered rural settlements. The small wastewater treatment plants have gained popularity in rural areas of the Slovak Republic. The increasing adoption of decentralized wastewater management is a result of the scattered layout of numerous rural settlements, presenting economic challenges, technical...

Lake Brates is located near Galati city, in the south-eastern part of Romania being one of the largest lakes in the country. Unfortunately, water quality has greatly decreased in recent years, both due to human actions and to climate change. The present paper aims at establishing the quality of the water in Lake Brates as resulted from the calculation of the water quality index (WQI) by the weighted arithmetic method. In order to calculate this index, several sampling campaigns were carried out in various points o...

Flash floods represent one of the most significant natural hazards in headwater catchments facing the lack of systematic hydrological monitoring. This study focus on the detection of flash floods on growth disturbances detected at trees of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) located in the torrential channel of the Holubi Potok stream in the Jizera Mountains (North Bohemia, Czech Republic). At the injured stems, flood scars were identified and core samples dated by tree ring analysis; the intensity of the disturba...

The results of the study of the dynamics of changes in the territory of the Kakhovka reservoir before and after the explosion of the dam on June 6, 2023 are presented. This led to the destruction of the Kakhovka reservoir and the sharp flooding of significant areas downstream of the Dnieper River, including the delta. The analysis was carried out on two indicators: the water surface area and the water level. As a result of the analysis of space images, it was found that the area of the Kakhovka reservoir decreased...

The present work is the first case where the adsorptive removal of the most commonly used antibiotic - azithromycin from aqueous solution as a model of wastewater treatment plant effluent by acid-modified natural zeolite - clinoptilolite has been investigated. The adsorption processes were carried out under static and dynamic conditions. The acid-modified form of the above-mentioned natural zeolite were obtained with hydrothermal treatment by using 2M hydrochloric acid solution. In order to investigate the adsorpt...

Nymphoides peltata is a typical representative of higher aquatic plants. Despite its wide geographical distribution, N. peltata is a rather rare species. The development of effective measures to protect a species in any territory is possible only if there is complete information on the status of its populations. Study of the size and morphological structure of plants plays an important role in the system of population studies. The purpose of this publication is to characterise the dimensional values of N. peltata ...

The former mining of rock and potassium salt deposits in Transcarpathia and Nearcarpathia (western Ukraine) has a potential impact on water resources and the transboundary spread of saline pollution (e.g. Solotvyno rock salt deposit on the banks of the Tisza River on the Ukraine-Romania border; Kalush-Golyn potassium-magnesium salt deposit in the Dniester River basin). The threat of pollution spreading increases during floods, flash floods, and flooding. The aim of the study is to determine the extent of possible ...

The article includes the results obtained in the growth experiments during the postembryonic development period of the North American sturgeon species Polyodon spathula. The experiments took place in the years 2020 and 2021. Sturgeon larvae aged 5 days old, obtained through artificial reproduction at SCDP Nucet, were stocked and raised until the age of 35 days in two variants, in concrete tanks (useful volume -120 m3 /tank), located in the pilot station intended for fish culture experiments from the SCDP Nucet gen...

Water and sediments in coastal areas interact at different scales, thus shaping the marine environment and providing physical habitat for ecosystems. Hence, the hydromorphological conditions represent a key aspect of aquatic ecosystems considered in the Water Framework Directive as supporting quality elements (alongside the physicochemical), which are expected to provide the boundary conditions for the biological quality elements. Any alteration in those can reshape the corresponding biological conditions at vario...

Since putting in operation of Chernomorets fishing port (Sozopol municipality, southern Bulgarian Black Sea coast) in January 2016, a number of negative effects have been observed in the area. The disturbance in the existing hydrodynamic balance led to intense coastal erosion and unwanted sand accumulation in the wave shadow area. Additionally, the coastal water quality has deteriorated in the port area. In order to undertake measures to mitigate the observed adverse effects, it is necessary to assess in detail th...

Russia's armed aggression against Ukraine has had a catastrophic impact on the natural environment, with hydrology and water resources being among the most vulnerable. The explosion of the Kakhovka hydroelectric power plant dam on 6 June 2023 and the rapid discharge of more than 18 cubic kilometres of water caused an environmental disaster with flooding of large areas, huge human, environmental, economic losses, environmental pollution, significant changes in the hydrology, hydrogeological conditions, activation o...

The present material demonstrates appliance of regional studies on the area of Central Danube Plain in Bulgaria for determination the characteristic maximum flows at nonobserved river sections with focusing on for flood risk areas. River flow is characterized by annual variability in maximum runoff caused by climatic factors and anthropogenic impacts. For this reason, in most cases, information from hydrometric stations cannot be used directly. One of the main tasks of hydrological research is the transfer of info...

Anthropogenic eutrophication is the main ecological problem of the Baltic Sea. However, there are many rivers entering the sea without monitoring points. The paper presents methodology for evaluation of the total phosphorus and nitrogen discharges outflow unit discharges from catchment areas of such rivers. As example, we consider Russian part of the Finnish Gulf catchment area. The first stage of the methodology consists in determination of partial catchment areas of rivers with water runoff and the biogenic elem...

Changing climatic conditions in urbanized areas have an enormous impact on the quality of life in urbanized areas. Persistent long-term dry periods, extreme downpours with large quantities or long-lasting rains are an extreme problem for efficient water management in cities. Extreme changes in the weather also result in a risk to the environment when soaking in or relieving highly contaminated water from the first flush. These wastewaters are a potential source of groundwater and surface water pollution, in which ...

Grasslands is globally important vegetation type for providing feed resources for grazing animals. An improved understanding of the factors affecting the long-term productivity of the ecosystems will be beneficial, as well as to developing a better understanding of the role these ecosystems play in global environmental change. Arid and semi-arid Mediterranean grasslands provide valuable forage for grazing animals in the eastern part of the Mediterranean area and have been subjected to long-term unsustainable grazi...

Adaptation strategies are highly desirable documents based on more frequently occurring hydrological extremes. These strategic documents are prepared at different levels, the state level on one side and the regional or city level on the other side. The complex approach that was chosen for the Pardubice and Pilsen regions was also applied to the territory of the Dyje basin. Specifically, a multi-criteria analysis was used as a means of selecting priority model areas. Based on the analyses developed from the availab...

The study presents results and discuss statistical properties of wind-generated sea waves measured in transitional waters of the Burgas Bay at the Bulgarian Black Sea. Wave measurements were acquired by Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler at two locations offshore Kraymorie and Chernomorets at water depths of approx. 15 m and 18 m, respectively. At each location, data were recorded for about three and a half months in winter seasons of 2021-2022 in front of Chernomorets and in 2022-2023 offshore Kraymorie, when stor...

Precipitation is the main source of recharge of water resources, thus guaranteeing their renewability. Not only hydrometeorological changes, but also anthropogenic factors exacerbate the above-mentioned effects. The increase in the level of investment seen especially in recent years in urban agglomerations through the intensification of development, increased development of impervious and paved surfaces, the use of vacant land, and thus the reduction of biologically active areas has resulted in an increase in rain...